Three minutes to talk about popular science
In the international market commodity trading, Chinese goods are often labeled as high-quality and low-priced, which is also the unique advantage of domestic goods. However, in the international market in recent years, with the improvement and progress of China's high-tech products, the quality of domestic goods has also risen all the way, and even on a par with similar Western products, for exampleDomestic C-919 narrow-body trunk large passenger aircraft.
Currently,The single aircraft of the domestic large passenger aircraft C919 has been made up of0.$9.9 billion was raised to $10.8 billion US dollars. The increase of nearly 10 million US dollars is not small, although the ** after the increase is still lower than Boeing, Airbus's passenger aircraft of the same level, but it will also make the C919's ** advantage greatly reduced. So can the C919 after the price increase still be welcomed by the international market? Compared with Western passenger aircraft of the same level, what is its advantage?
International AdmiralMainline airliners with a total take-off weight of more than 100 tons and more than 150 seats are called large airlinersLarge passenger aircraft reflect a country's strength in the field of civil aviation, and it is also a demonstration of the overall industrial level. Boeing 707 in the United States, Airbus A300 in FranceThey were all famous models that were very popular at that time.
In 2007, the country felt that the time was ripe and finally established the C919 large passenger aircraft, during which 300,000 people participated in the design research, condensed the crystallization of knowledge of several generations, and finally successfully achieved its first flight in 2017.
In 2021, China Eastern Airlines became the world's first launch user of the C919, which was announced in May of the same yearIt will spend $10.5 billion on 38 aircraft, including four C919s, and the price of C919 at this time is still0.$9.9 billion.
However, Air China also confirmed the purchase of 17 C919 passenger aircraft not long ago, and announced the purchase of the aircraft in the announcement**. InterestinglyAt this time, the single machine of C919 has reached 10.8 billion US dollars. In just one year, the price of C919 has increased by nearly 10 million US dollars.
C919 as a new generation of mainline airlinerThe benchmark models are the Boeing 737 MAX in the United States and the Airbus A-320neo in EuropeThe current Boeing 737** is:1.$2.2 billion, Airbus 320**1.$1.1 billion racks。Compared with these two models, C919 still has certain advantages, and in addition to **, what other significant advantages does C919 have?
Before comparing products, we must first understand the basic pattern of the civil aviation market. The so-called trunk airliner is a passenger aircraft that undertakes the task of the main route, in contrast, is a regional airliner, as the name suggests, mainly on remote routes.
The mainstream of the civil aviation market is the trunk airliner, according to the annual report released by the China Aviation GroupBy 2038, the global demand for mainline airliners will be 3930,000, of which 8,000 in China.
Trunk airliners are further divided into:Dual-aisle wide-body airliners and single-aisle narrow-body airliners。The wide-body aircraft has 250 seats and a maximum take-off weight of 200 tons, while the narrow-body passenger aircraft has 150 190 seats and a maximum take-off weight of 90 tons.
After the long-term operation of the airline discovered,The number of seats is 150 190 sections, and the diameter is 37~3.A narrow-body passenger aircraft with a take-off weight of 9 meters and a take-off weight of 70 tonsIt is the most cost-effective option, and it is the most popular model due to its lower weight and lower operating costs.
At present, there are annual passenger aircraft sold in the worldAll belong to narrow-body passenger aircraft, and the price of a narrow-body passenger aircraft is about 100 million US dollars, with an average annual sales of about 1,000 yuan, which means that the market volume of narrow-body passenger aircraft can reach hundreds of billions of US dollars every year. For quite a long time, narrow-body airliners were:Boeing 737 and Airbus A320Divided.
It is precisely because there are no evenly matched competitors entering the game that Boeing Airbus's narrow-body models have actually been standing still over the years. Take the Boeing 737 as an example, since it was put into operation in 1968, there have been no innovative technological improvements at all, either elongating the fuselage or fine-tuning the structure, as of 2018Boeing 737 MAXIt's already the fourth minor upgrade.
The reason why the Boeing 737 has been able to dominate the market for many years is not because of how good it is, but because there is no other choice for sellers. It was not until the entry of C919 with great fanfare that it brought new vitality to the lifeless civil aviation market.
In the most simple and straightforward exterior design,While the Boeing 737 and A320 are still using the old six-sided flat glass design, the C919 has used a more linear four-curved curved glass, which can greatly reduce wind resistance.
And the C919 also uses the most advanced onesSupercritical airfoil, which can make the aircraft produce less strong shock waves when it is close to the speed of sound, and the drag is also smaller, and it can fly faster and consume less fuel. Although this theory came from the United States, the Boeing 737 was too backward to be used, and we had to take the lead.
In terms of airframe, the C919 was massively usedThe third generation of aluminum-lithium alloy materialOn the premise of reducing the weight of the component by 15%, the rigidity can be increased by 20%. And 15% of the fuselage was chosenResin grade carbon fiber materialThe docking accuracy of this material is three or four orders of magnitude higher than that of rockets, and it is the first time that it has been applied to a large civil aviation passenger aircraft.
In addition to this, the C919 has also been conqueredFly-by-wire flight control system control law, active control technologyand more than 100 core key technologies, the ride experience, cargo compartment volume, noise isolation are better than the same level of aircraft, is a real rising star.
However, even the C919 with such excellent performance has always been unsatisfactory in the international market. Not long ago at the Dubai Airshow,Boeing has won a huge order of 52 billion US dollars, while the popular C919 has dismal sales and zero performance, at the same time frustrating, I can't help but reflect on the reason.
In fact, Brazil, Canada, and Japan have all tried to compete in the civil aviation market, but in the end, without exception, they failed in vain, because the United States and the West have a trump card in their hands.
The break-even point for a single-aisle narrow-body airliner is three or four hundredIt means that a model must be sold at least 300 companies to recover the cost。The demand for technology in a single country is only a few dozen at most, and if you want to make a profit, you need to sell passenger aircraft to the world.
But in the international market, all countries have a hard standard for aircraft:Certificate of AirworthinessIt means the aircraft safety certificate issued by the local **
It is currently available worldwideU.S. FAA, ESA EASA, and China CAACOf the three institutions, the CAAC is mainly applicable to China, and the aircraft is faced with European and American engineers when carrying out safety certification, which is equivalent to finding that the referee is the opposing player after the game starts.
As a result, many safe and reliable passenger aircraft models cannot get airworthiness certificates, and without airworthiness certificates, they cannot be recognized by the international market, and C919 is caught in such a vicious circle.
The only way to break the game at the moment isAccumulate domestic flight time, and completely start the safety reputation of C919 in the industryAt this time, China Eastern Airlines and Air China have made a large number of purchases.
On the other hand, it isThe absence of C919 engine technologyThe engine is like the heart of the aircraft, but for a long time there are a lot of gaps in China's aero engine technology, and the United States has repeatedly threatened us with engine supply cuts, perhaps this is also one of the factors that C919 is not trusted in the international market.
However, at present, my country has developed its ownCJ1000 engineThe first flight test has been completed, and its performance is comparable to that of the LEAP engine provided by CFM, including the Y-20 mass productionWS20 engineAll of them are the solid backing of China's civil aviation engine technology.
As the world's top industrial products, large passenger aircraft is known as the industrial pearl, the birth of C919 represents a new breakthrough in the development of China's civil aviation field, and the next step is to continuously improve the top until the top of the world.