On December 24, 1950, the victory in the Battle of Changjin Lake shattered the aggressor's false claim that "end the war before Christmas", in this battle, the Chinese People's Volunteers, with their iron will and heroic fighting spirit, never flinched despite hunger and cold, conquered the extremely harsh environment, and defeated the most elite ace unit of the US army.
The Battle of Changjin Lake, which lasted 28 days, is recognized as one of the most brutal battles in the history of human warfare. After this battle, the Volunteer Army won a great victory on the eastern and western fronts at the same time, and the "United **" never stepped half a step on the 38th parallel, which became the turning point of the Korean War and laid the foundation for the victory of the final armistice negotiations.
1. Background of the campaign
The Korean War refers to a military conflict that broke out on the Korean Peninsula in June 1950. The Korean War was originally a civil war between the north and the south of the Korean Peninsula, but it became an international local war due to the involvement of the United States, China, the Soviet Union, and many other countries to varying degrees, and it was a large-scale local war that broke out in the early days of the end of World War II.
On June 25, 1950, the Korean People's Army claimed to have been attacked by the Korean People's Army and launched an invasion of South Korea on the grounds of self-defense, and the Korean War broke out.
On July 7, 1950, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 84, sending a joint commander to support South Korea in defending itself against North Korea's attack. In the name of the United Nations, the United States organized a "joint **" to enter the war.
In mid-August 1950, the Korean People's Army (KPA) was victorious and launched the Seoul Campaign, Cheorwon Campaign, Daejeon Campaign, and Nakdong River Campaign, occupying 90 percent of South Korea's area and 92 percent of its population, and compressing South Korean and American forces into a narrow area of about 10,000 square kilometers east of the Nakdong River between Daegu and Busan.
On September 15, 1950, the "United Army" dominated by the US ** team landed at Incheon, and the situation was reversed.
On September 30, 1950, ** delivered a speech warning the United States: "The Chinese people must not tolerate foreign aggression, nor can they allow the imperialists to wantonly invade their neighbors and turn a blind eye." However, MacArthur decided that China would not dare to send troops to confront the United States, so the United States ignored China's repeated warnings, and on October 1, the U.S. military crossed the 38th parallel and occupied Pyongyang on the 19th, in an attempt to quickly occupy the whole of Korea, and openly claimed: "In history, the Yalu River is not an insurmountable obstacle that divides China and North Korea." At the same time, US planes have repeatedly intruded into China's airspace and bombed the Dandong area, and the flames of war are about to burn to the Yalu River.
On October 8, 1950, North Korea** requested China to send troops for assistance. At the request of the DPRK, China made the decision to "resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend the homeland and defend the country" and quickly formed the Chinese People's Volunteer Army to enter the Korean War. On the 19th, the Chinese People's Volunteers, led by the commander and political commissar ***, crossed the Yalu River and rushed to the Korean battlefield, and on the 25th, the prelude to the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was unveiled.
Second, the content of the campaign
November 27-December 24, 1950. The troops of the Volunteers participating in the Battle of Changjin Lake were the 9th Corps of the Volunteers, composed of the 20th Army, the 26th Army and the 27th Army, with nearly 150,000 people and the US troops participating in the battle, including the 1st Marine Division and the 3rd and 7th Infantry Divisions, as well as the 1st Army Corps of South Korea, about 100,000 people launched a 28-day campaign in the Changjin Lake area of North Korea, which is recognized as one of the most brutal battles in the history of human warfare.
After entering the DPRK in early November 1950, the 9th Corps adopted the tactics of "cutting off in a roundabout way, encircling and destroying", thinly dressed, marching day and night, tightly camouflaged, enduring the bitter cold, hunger, and fatigue in the mountains and woods covered with thick snow, and overcame all difficulties and dangers with amazing perseverance, quietly arrived at the preset battlefield, and successfully cut off the 1st Marine Division and the 7th Infantry Division of the US Army into 5 sections through a wide range of interspersed and roundabout outflanking, forming a favorable situation of dividing and encircling and annihilating.
From November 27 to December 24, 1950, two ace armies of China and the United States fought a fierce battle in the Changjin Lake area of North Korea. After 20 days of bitter struggle in the bitter cold of minus 30-40 degrees Celsius, the remnants of the US military used the sea route to break away from the battlefield under the cover of seven aircraft carriers, which also meant that the "United **" was all expelled from northeastern Korea.
In this campaign, the Chinese People's Volunteers, with their iron will and heroic fighting spirit, conquered the extremely harsh environment, repelled the most elite ace units of the US army, recovered the vast eastern area north of the "38th parallel," and completely shattered Douglas MacArthur's dream of occupying the whole of Korea before Christmas.
3. The significance of the campaign
The Battle of Changjin Lake created a record of annihilating an entire regiment of the US Army in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and she forced the ace unit of the US Army to experience the "longest retreat" in history, which was the first victory of the squadron against Western troops in the main battle, which reversed the battlefield situation in one fell swoop, became the turning point of the Korean War, and laid the foundation for victory in the final armistice negotiations.
** The evaluation of this campaign said that the Ninth Corps of the Volunteer Army fought on the Eastern Front this time and completed a huge strategic task under extremely difficult conditions.
Simulation exercises
1.The release of the movie "Changjin Lake" with the background of the War to Resist and Aid Korea set off a national upsurge of paying tribute to the loveliest people. The following statements about the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea are incorrect:
a.The Chinese People's Volunteers entered the DPRK and entered the war on October 19, 1950.
b.The first phase of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was dominated by movement warfare, and five strategic battles were fought in succession.
c.During the Korean War, the first armistice negotiations were held in Panmunjom in July 1951.
d.In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Chinese People's Volunteers and the Korean People's Army defeated a coalition of 16 countries with fewer enemies and more enemies.
Answer] C Analysis] In the first step, this question tests the knowledge of Chinese history and selects the wrong item.
In the second step, on July 10, 1951, the first meeting of the Korean armistice negotiations was held in Kaesong. However, because the US side was not sincere in the talks, adopted a policy of delaying and sabotage, and attempted to cooperate with the talks with "military pressure" to force the DPRK and China to accept its unreasonable demands, the armistice talks went extremely hard. After more than two years of negotiations, on July 27, 1953, in Panmunjom, representatives of both sides signed the Korean Armistice Agreement. Item C is incorrect, and "Panmunjom" should be replaced by "Kaesong".
So, choose option C.
Expansion] Item A: On October 19, 1950, under the cover of night and according to a predetermined plan, the Chinese People's Volunteers, shouldering the heavy trust of the people of the motherland, crossed the Yalu River from the three ports of Andong (present-day Dandong, Liaoning), Changdian Hekou, and Ji'an (present-day Jilin) and secretly entered the Korean battlefield. From then on, the great War of Resistance Against US Aggression and Aid Korea of the Chinese people began. Item A is correct, exclude.
Item B: The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was divided into two phases, the first of which was from October 25, 1950 to June 10, 1951, during which the Chinese People's Volunteers and the Korean People's Army adopted the principle of focusing on movement warfare and combining it with some positional warfare and guerrilla warfare, and fought five strategic campaigns in succession. The second phase was from June 11, 1951 to July 27, 1953. At this stage, the Chinese and DPRK people's armies carried out the strategic principle of "protracted operations and active defense" and carried out protracted and active defensive operations with positional warfare as the main form of operations. Item B is correct, excluded.
Item D: On July 7, 1950, after the outbreak of the Korean War, the United States manipulated the United Nations Security Council and passed a "joint" resolution composed of the United States ** team. A total of 16 countries contributed troops to the "Joint**". Item d is correct, excluded.
2.July 27, 2023, the 70th anniversary of the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. Seventy years ago, the Chinese People's Volunteers won a great victory by doing righteous deeds with a righteous army. The following statement is true:
a.The Battle of Changjin Lake was the first battle in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
b.In the Battle of Shangganling, the hero Qiu Shaoyun, who blocked the enemy's machine gun hole with his body, emerged.
c.The last battle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was the Battle of Jincheng.
d."Who is the cutest person" is a reportage written by writer Ba Jin after returning from the Korean battlefield.
Answer] C Analysis] In the first step, this question tests the knowledge of Chinese history.
The second step, the Battle of Jincheng, which took place in the summer of 1953, was the third stage of the counterattack campaign of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and was the last battle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. The Chinese People's Volunteers annihilated the enemy 5More than 30,000 troops, inflicted heavy losses on four divisions of the South Korean Army, regained more than 160 square kilometers of positions, and effectively cooperated with the armistice negotiations. Therefore, item c is correct and elected.
So, choose option C.
Expansion] Item A: In October 1950, the United States under the control of the United States burned the flames of war to the Yalu River, which seriously threatened China's security. The Chinese People's Volunteers and the Korean People's Army met the invading enemy in the Unsan and Onjeong areas, which was the first battle of the Chinese People's Volunteers after they left Korea. Therefore, the first battle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was the Battle of Yunshan, not the Battle of Changjin Lake. Item A is incorrect.
Item B: On the evening of October 19, 1952, Huang Jiguang's 2nd Battalion was ordered to 597 on the right flank of Shangganling9 Highland counterattacks. When it was only more than 40 minutes before dawn, Huang Jiguang used his chest to block the machine gun hole of the enemy bunker that was firing wildly. Therefore, in the Battle of Shangganling, the hero who blocked the enemy's machine gun hole with his body was Huang Jiguang, not Qiu Shaoyun. Item B error.
Item D: "Who is the Loveliest Person" is a reportage written by writer Wei Wei after returning from the Korean battlefield, which was first published in "People's **" on April 11, 1951. Since then, the Volunteer Army has been widely and affectionately referred to as "the loveliest people". Therefore, the author of "Who is the cutest person" is Wei Wei, not Ba Jin. Item D error.