In "Daming Fenghua", Zhu Di and Zhu Zhanji called Zhu Yunwen Jianwen Is it in line with history?
Jianwen"It is the name of Zhu Yunwen, the second emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Since Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang was established later"One dollar for a lifetime", that is, the emperor only used one era name during his reign (except for those who carried out a coup d'état), so the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties could also use a year name. Therefore, can we say that Zhu Di and Zhu Zhanji called Zhu Yunwen Emperor Jianwen in line with historical facts? Not really.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, emperors could be addressed by era names, but in later generations, era names were generic names.
years"It is the first dating method pioneered by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty after his accession to the throne, and it is a commonly used dating method in ancient China, such as the first year of Hongwu, the fourteenth year of orthodoxy and the eighth year of Kangxi.
Before the Ming and Qing dynasties, the emperor was encountered"Heavenly grace"or when it comes to major events, it is often necessary to change the names of the four seasons, which leads to the use of multiple names of the four seasons during the reign of an emperor, some as many as a dozen. For example, Tang Gaozong Li Zhi reigned for thirty-four years, and used as many as 14 era names, including Yonghui, Xianqing, Lingde, Zongzhu, Hongdao, etc.
After Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, began to implement the single number system, that is, the emperor only used one era name during his reign (except for those who were restored by coup d'état, such as Ming Yingzong, the era name before the Tumubao Revolution was Zhentong, and Tianshun was used after the restoration of the suppression of the Gate Change). In this way, the era name corresponds to the emperor, and the era name is unique.
Therefore, when addressing the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties, era names can usually be used. For example, Zhu Yuanzhang can be referred to as Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty or Emperor Hongwu; refer to Zhu Di as Ming Chengzu or Yongle Emperor; Aixin Jueluo-Xuanye is called the Qing Shengzu or the Kangxi Emperor.
However, it should be noted that this way of calling is generally used in the later period, and is generally not used in this dynasty. During the reign of the emperor, it was usually used"Your Majesty"、"Hooray"with"The Emperor"and other honorific titles to address the emperor, while"The First Emperor"with"Emperor Yuan"Honorific titles are often used to address a deceased emperor. It is usually used if the emperor addresses the former emperor"Former Imperial Exam"、"Uncle Huang's exam"with"Former royal brother"and so on, because they are usually related by blood.
In addition, although the emperor can be referred to by the era name, it is distinguished by the era name, which is generally not directly referred to by the era name, but is added later"Emperor"or"Emperor"to distinguish, such as Zhu Yunwen can refer to the year name For example, Zhu Yunwen can be called"Emperor Jianwen"or"Emperor Jianwen", but rarely used directly"Jianwen"Two words.
The era name is also a sign of the emperor's orthodoxy, and Zhu Di did not recognize Zhu Yunwen when he ascended the throne.
In addition to marking the year, the era name was also often seen as a sign of the legitimacy of the emperor and was called"Zhengshuo"。For example, vassal states of ancient dynasties often used the era name of the suzerain.
Because"The Battle of Jingjing", Zhu Di ascended the throne as emperor, and the legitimacy of the throne is extremely important. As soon as Zhu Di entered Nanjing, Yang Rong, the editor of the Hanlin Academy, asked him:'Did His Highness pay homage to the tomb first? Will you take the throne first? "As soon as these words came out, Zhu Di's fighting spirit was immediately ignited. Zhu Di played"Qingjun side"believed that he should submit to the clan after the end of the war, and not seize the throne. If you choose to be the emperor first, it is equivalent to Emperor Jianwen sitting on the throne and sitting on the throne"Plotting to usurp the throne"the charges against him; But if you don't sit on the throne, but go to visit the emperor's mausoleum, it can only mean that you are Zhu Yuanzhang"Qingjun side"The widow of the decree.
In addition, in order to ensure the legitimacy of the throne, Zhu Di said that the emperor would no longer recognize the throne of Emperor Jianwen, and Emperor Jianwen would be the first in the reign.
The first, second, third and fourth years were changed to the thirty-second to thirty-fifth years of Hongwu, and the following year was changed to Yongle. At the same time, all the ** who were deposed during the reign of Emperor Jianwen were reinstated; All reforms during the reign of Emperor Jianwen were abolished; All laws and regulations passed during the reign of Emperor Jianwen that contradicted the laws and regulations of Taizu were abolished. Therefore, of course, it is impossible to keep all the records of Emperor Jianwen, which have been tampered with, tampered with, tampered with, and burned, in short, the evidence of Emperor Jianwen's existence for four years has been erased by unscrupulous means.
In this way, Zhu Di indirectly assimilated Emperor Jianwen through the hands of Zhu Yuanzhang, and after Zhu Yuanzhang succeeded to the throne, Emperor Jianwen was no longer orthodox in these four years. Since Zhu Di was succeeded by his descendants after ascending the throne, the emperors of all dynasties no longer recognized Emperor Jianwen, after all, if Emperor Jianwen was recognized, wouldn't it recognize the orthodox status of Emperor Jianwen, wouldn't it be a slap in the face of the ancestor Zhu Di?
To sum up, although the late emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties can be called by year names, Zhu Di and Zhu Zhanji obviously can't"Jianwen"to call Zhu Yunwen, which does not meet the naming standards of the emperors of the current dynasty, nor does it conform to the status of Zhu Di and his family of emperors.
Off topic: What did Zhu Di say to Zhu Yunwen? In fact, this result can be found in the "Records of Ming Taizong".
Zhu Di's title to Zhu Yunwen can actually be divided into two stages: the first stage, before Zhu Di became emperor, the ministers addressed the emperor. For example, the Records of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty - Volume 2 clearly records a letter written by Zhu Di to the imperial court when he ascended the throne:"...Emperor Kaobin Tian, now His Majesty's heir and traitor Qi Tai is in Dabao, and Huang Zicheng's generation cannot assist the Holy Dynasty. Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng can't assist the Holy Dynasty. "。Zhu Di must have realized that he ascended the throne just for"Qingjun side", and not in order to ascend the throne, his position at that time required that he must recognize Zhu Yunwen's legitimacy.
Secondly, Zhu Di called his uncle when his nephew Zhu Yunwen was proclaimed emperor. Zhu Di did not recognize Zhu Yunwen's throne, so he directly called Zhu Yunwen as"Yun Bing", for example, in "The Records of Taizong of the Ming Dynasty - Volume 10", when Zhu Di visited the tomb, he wrote it"Emperor Taizong of the Imperial Emperor Taizu Gao mixed Yuan Ji, the Ming Plain took the world as its own responsibility, to the sea and peace for more than 30 years, when he appeased the Xiong group with the Son of Heaven, allowed the heir, worshiped the traitor again, appointed the pro-government, changed the clan constitution, killed the king and the remnant king, went to develop the whip, and shared it with the ministers. The great Chongxin traitor came back, was close to the government and entrusted him with important tasks, changed the family constitution, killed the king, and will take the opportunity to whip up, and the minister, had to raise troops to cleanse the king's side of the evil, please order the surname, allow yourself to cut yourself for a day, ** the whole palace. "Since Zhu Di no longer recognizes the orthodox status of Emperor Jianwen, it is completely acceptable to name Zhu Yunwen like an uncle naming his nephew.