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When we look at the opening book of the Five Emperors of the Historical Records, we find that the inheritance of the emperor is determined only after strict screening and assessment, and the implementation of the Zen concession system. The five emperors began with the Yellow Emperor and ended with Yu Shun, because the five emperors recorded in the historical records are all long-lived species, we think that the historical records are facts, so the span is at least a few hundred years.
The Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons, but passed on the throne to his grandson, because he had both ability and political integrity, according to the historical records: "Jingyuan is scheming, dredging and governor; Raise materials to any land, carry the time to like the sky, according to the ghosts and gods to control righteousness, control the qi to educate, and sincerity to sacrifice. ”
After the collapse of the Yellow Emperor, the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor is also located in the Emperor Yu, the Emperor Gaoxin. Gao Xin's father said that he was extremely excited, his father was called Xuanhuan, and his father was called the Yellow Emperor. Since Xuan Huan and Ji Ji are not allowed to reign, Gao Xin is the emperor. Gao Xin is a son of the clan.
After the collapse of Emperor Yu, it is located in Di Yao, and Di Yao is the son of Emperor Yu. The emperor is as benevolent as the sky, and his knowledge is like a god. It is like the sun, and the hope is like a cloud. Rich but not arrogant, expensive but not comfortable. Able to tame virtue and pro-nine clans. When the nine tribes are harmonious, they will be the people. The people are clear, and they are united to all nations.
After the collapse of Emperor Yao, he passed on the throne of Emperor Shun, Yu Shun, and his name was Chonghua. Chonghua's father said Qiaosuo, Qiaosuo's father said Qiaoniu, Qiaoniu's father said Juwang, Juwang's father said Jingkang, Jingkang's father said poor cicada, poor cicada's father said Emperor Zhuan, Zhuan's father said Changyi: and even Shun VII. From the poor cicada to the emperor, they are all small people.
From the above historical records, it can be seen that the inheritance of the ancient era is the selection of talents and abilities, rather than the inheritance of bloodline, which is the most representative reason for the Emperor Yao to pass on the throne of Emperor Shun: Yao Zhizi Dan Zhu is not good, not enough to give the world, so it is the right to grant Shun. If you grant Shun, the world will benefit from it, and Danzhu will be sick; If Danzhu is awarded, the world will be sick and Danzhu will benefit. Yao said, "In the end, I will not benefit one person with the disease of the world", and he gave Shun the world.
As for why the inheritance of the throne for hundreds of years must be inherited by people with both virtue and ability, I think it is caused by the influence of the living environment, the lack of materials during the Five Emperors period, the skills of human domestication of domestic animals and the cultivation of grain and grass have not yet matured, and there is no systematic cognition, understanding and inheritance of the geography of the natural time, human beings not only have to worry about lack of food, but also have to fight against the harsh natural environment. At the same time, the Central Plains did not completely rule the world, and the surrounding alien races stood side by side, and there were often conflicts, so the ruler must have the ability and be able to convince the people in order to lead the nation forward.
We can understand by looking at some records in the historical records that during the Emperor Yao period: "The emperor is ordered Xi and He, respects the Haotian, counts the sun, moon and stars, and respects the people." "The four mountains raise the water to govern the Hongshui, Yao thought it was impossible, Yue Qiang asked to try it, but it was useless, so the people were inconvenient. Sanmiao is in chaos in Jianghuai and Jingzhou. The former tells the story of observing astronomy and formulating the calendar during the Emperor Yao period, while the latter explains the raging floods and foreign turmoil.
Emperor Shun period: "In the past, the Emperor Hong clan had no talent, and he was a hidden thief....These three tribes are worried. As for Yao, Yao failed to go. Jinyun is not talented....The evil in the world is more vicious than the three evils. Shunbin is in the four gates, and it is the four fierce clans...."Gaotao is Dali, flat, and the people are in fact; Bo Yi officiated, up and down salty....Only Yu's merit is great, covering nine mountains, passing through Jiuze, breaking nine rivers, and setting Kyushu....As for the absurd. South Fu Jiaozhi, North Fa, West Rong, Xi Zhi, Qu Di, Di, Qiang, North Mountain Rong, Fa, Xi Shen, East Chang, Toyi, Xian Dai Emperor Shun Gong in the four seas. This passage refers to the existence of princes who do not obey the king's orders within the country, as well as the establishment of the country's political culture and the governance of mountains and rivers.
During the period of the Five Emperors, after several generations of struggle and accumulation, human beings gradually learned to domesticate domestic animals, plant grain and grass in combination with the calendar, control floods according to the topography, and initially formed their own cultural inheritance, moral tradition and rule of law system. It has laid a solid foundation for the development of future generations.
When we arrived in Xia Yu, we know from the records of the historical records that at this time there was a more detailed system of tribute according to the level of land poverty and local characteristics, and also according to the local characteristics, size and distance to determine the tribute items and order, which shows the gradual enrichment of materials, but also provides favorable conditions for the generation of multi-layer classes. In the case of political stability and relative economic prosperity, the ability requirements for leaders are not so strict, so the emperors after Xia Yu gave up the Zen concession system and chose the bloodline inheritance.
According to historical records, the Central Plains during the Yu period has initially moved towards stability, industry, agriculture and commerce have developed rapidly, and the people's lives have been greatly improved. "Yu Xing started from Jizhou. Jizhou: both carry the mouth of the pot, the beam and Qi. Both repair Taiyuan, as for Yueyang. Qin Huai's contribution to Hengzhang. Its soil is white soil. Assigned to the wrong, Tanaka Naka....Outside the kingdom of the Son of Heaven, five hundred li of Dian: 100 li of Funa, 200 li of Worm, 300 li of straw, 400 li of millet, 500 li of rice...So Emperor Xi Yu Xuangui succeeded in the world. The world is peaceful. ”
According to the records of historical records, the construction of cities in the Xia Yu period is conceivable, and the creation of Chinese civilization has also moved from the original barbaric growth to orderly development, which has opened the glorious journey of Chinese civilization.