Beauty vs. SovietPeaceful evolution, why is Su not beautiful?
In the last century, the United States and the former Soviet Union invariably chose the strategy of "peaceful evolution" in order to defeat each other. This strategy, which aims to avoid a direct military conflict and changes the opponent's social system and cultural values, so that the opponent has no way out, shows both their wisdom and calmness.
The former Soviet Union had the opportunity to successfully influence the United States through "peaceful evolution", and they had great hopes for this. From the very beginning of the Soviet Union, they have been promoting the Soviet way of life and prosperity to European and American countries.
However, the collapse of Wall Street in 1929 triggered the Great Depression, also known as "Black Thursday". The economic crisis has not only caused huge economic losses, but has also left 8.3 million people in the United States unemployed, and the queue for relief has been several blocks long.
In the early days of this "confrontation", the former Soviet Union seemed to have a better chance of victory, but in the end, the United States won and the former Soviet Union collapsed. The reason is that the United States carried out self-transformation earlier than the former Soviet Union, preemptively preempting the "peaceful evolution" of its opponents.
Under Stalinder's leadership, the former Soviet Union began its first five-year plan, and the country presented a prosperous landscape. In contrast, the United States has been plagued by this economic crisis.
The number of unemployed has skyrocketed, and tens of thousands of people are queuing in front of the former Soviet embassy in the United States to apply for immigration. The Soviet-American** companies in New York received a large number of immigration applications every day, and when they recruited skilled workers, as many as 100,000 people applied for the job.
In the industrial sector, crops **continued**, and farmers were among the first to fall in this crisis. With more than 35% of wheat and 25% of corn, farmers who have worked hard for a year can't even sell enough produce to cover their production costs.
This situation sparked the action of American farmers, who stormed farms and ranches, and even paralyzed the external transportation of three cities. A milk factory was hit three times in one day, 340,000 pounds of milk were spilled on the ground.
Farmers and ranchers have also had to take action to deal with the situation.
Indignant farmers called for a workers' and peasants' uprising in the United States, cutting off transportation from the states from east to west, and they even claimed to have had enough**. However, before the farmers could put it into practice, some people had already started theirs"Revolution"。
In Lincoln, 4,000 people occupied the state capitol; In the city of Seattle, 5,000 people occupied the city building; The banks of the city of Chicago were also occupied by 5,000 teachers.
An activist led Ohio's unemployed to storm the Capitol building in Columbus with their slogan:"Establishment of the Workers' and Peasants' Republic"。The Soviet Union also took the opportunity to vigorously promote communist ideas in the United States.
This kind of behavior seriously disrupted the social order, triggered the phenomenon of resisting taxes, mining minerals without permission, occupying personal land, and **, and aroused the deep thinking of American intellectuals.
The ideological shift of these intellectual elites was remarkable, from their former despisance of socialism to their open support for socialism. The famous American writer Edmund Wilson even openly stated that he believes that ** is the peak of global morality, where there is a lot of light.
In his book, Stuart Chase asks: Why is it that only ** people can experience the joy of transforming the world? From his words, it is not difficult for us to feel his deep yearning for the socialist revolution.
However, when these currents of thought emerged in the United States, they were adopted instead of actively intervening to guide public thought"Ostrich policy"。Not only is it forbidden to talk about the Soviet Union, but even in the textbooks for students, that part of the map of the Soviet Union is blank.
Every day before class, students pray to the American flag to show their loyalty to their country.
As the old saying goes, "it is better to defend the people's mouth than to defend the Sichuan", and trying to limit the people's thoughts and speech will only lead to failure in the end. Assuming that the United States has always adhered to such a policy and used power to interfere in the minds of the people, it will inevitably provoke stronger resistance from the "freedom-loving" American people.
In addition, the Soviet Union's "peaceful evolution" program put the United States at risk of becoming a socialist country. Perhaps it is precisely because the national fortunes of the United States are not declining, and the leaders of the ** have woken up at this time, and before the "peaceful evolution" of the former Soviet Union succeeded, the United States carried out an evolution of its own.
This evolution was Roosevelt's New Deal.
On March 4, 1933, the defeated Hoover gave way to Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the American who was full of expectations was sworn in. During the campaign, Roosevelt proposed the New Deal to revive the economy, and as soon as he took office, he embarked on bold reforms.
The three pillars of the New Deal were relief, rehabilitation, and reform. In response to the large number of unemployed during the Great Depression, Roosevelt** adopted a strategy of combining "cash-for-work" and direct relief, rather than simply handing out relief materials.
In order to provide jobs for the unemployed, a large amount of investment has been made in infrastructure, including the construction of 800 parks, 1 million kilometers of roads, and 770,000 bridges, 850 airfields and 1250,000 public buildings.
Roosevelt's New Deal helped the United States survive the Great Depression and lay a solid foundation for economic recovery.
The Hoover Dam, which has been frequently featured in many American blockbusters, was completed during that period. According to the data, in the early days of the New Deal, about 4 million people were offered jobs each year.
These jobs have created a huge consumer demand in the United States, thus alleviating the problem of economic stagnation in the short term. Having solved the most pressing problems, the next task was to fundamentally adjust the current economic policy to make it more suitable for the realities of the United States at that time.
In this regard, the United States has directly borrowed from the former Soviet Union's national macroeconomic regulation and control strategy. As a lever to balance the fiscal and socio-economic balance, "taxes" are naturally indispensable in the United States.
Roosevelt** succeeded in reaching the pockets of the wealthy by raising the caps on personal income and inheritance taxes.
* In order to increase fiscal revenue, and to allow more people to enjoy the benefits brought by the social insurance system, some tax measures have been taken. ** Forcing companies to pay dividends, and then collecting personal income tax from these shareholders, expanding the scope of taxation to the undistributed profits of enterprises.
These tax revenues will be used to establish and improve the social insurance system. The establishment of the social insurance system is an amendment to the basic economic laws of capitalism, and the corresponding "Social Insurance Law" was passed by more than 90% in favor of both the Senate and the House of Representatives.
This is not the benevolence of the bourgeoisie, but the fact that they understand that social stability and order can only be maintained by providing social security. The Social Insurance Act stipulates that the federal government may levy payroll tax, pension insurance and other taxes on employers and employees, and then refund payroll taxes after the state's social insurance system is established.
The pension insurance is issued by the federal **. These tax measures and policies have brought tangible benefits to our society.
Under the impetus of the Social Insurance Act, 48 states in the United States successfully established social insurance systems in just two years, which was a self-help action in the United States during the Great Depression, and also greatly promoted social progress.
In order to support the functioning of the social insurance system, tax revenues have been increased, providing it with sufficient funds. In addition to providing livelihood security for workers, the Industrial Reconstruction Act protects workers' rights and interests, which not only guides orderly competition in various industries, but also recognizes the legitimacy of trade unions and gives workers the power to negotiate with business owners.
This power allows the two sides to sit down and negotiate when a conflict arises, which is much better than going unanswered by the workers' demands and directly triggering a workers' revolution.
Roosevelt's New Deal not only alleviated the contradictions between American capitalists and workers, but more importantly, stimulated workers' enthusiasm for labor, and played a vital role in the development of the American economy.
The New Deal was implemented in 1935, and various economic indicators gradually recovered, with GDP rising from $74.2 billion in 1933 to $204.9 billion in 1939, and the number of unemployed falling from 17 million to 8 million.
At the same time, the state has gradually established a sound social security system, which has successfully helped the United States out of the shadow of the Great Depression and made the political and economic system of the United States more perfect.
This is America"Self-evolution"。By taking the initiative to learn some of the social systems within the Soviet Union, the United States succeeded in achieving a peaceful evolution within itself, and even the path taken by its opponents was taken by the United States.
The United States solved the former Soviet Union, which tried to deal with it"Peaceful evolution"After consolidating the capitalist road, the crisis began to be carried out against the former Soviet Union"Peaceful evolution", but the former Soviet Union failed to realize itself"Peaceful evolution", but was succeeded by the opponent"Evolution"Finish.
Although it is customary to blame Gorbachev for the collapse of the former Soviet Union, in the 60s of the last century a series of problems arose in the country. Beneath the façade of prosperity is the industrial structure dominated by heavy industry, the lack of light industry and agriculture, and the serious corruption in the country.
This situation is similar to the experience of the United States in the last century, so the process of peaceful evolution is not controlled by others, but needs to be fought for on your own initiative to prevent it from being "evolved" by others.
The former Soviet Union also tried to carry out reforms, among which the "three-man reform" was one of their efforts, but ultimately failed. Khrushchev's reforms focused on increasing the value of agricultural output and put forward new ideas and practical actions in the planned economy.
1.Khrushchev's weakness before and after the reforms, and his political mistakes led to his ouster by Brezhnev. 2.After Brezhnev came to power, he was eager to restore heavy industry and compete with the United States, although he boosted the economy in the short term, he overexploited natural resources, lagged behind agriculture and regressed, and light industry and agricultural products were insufficient.
3.The biggest problem in the former Soviet Union was that the planned economic system did not meet the needs of the market. 4.The root cause of the failure of reform in the former Soviet Union was the rigidity of the economic system and political mistakes.
Leaders after Brezhnev have failed to address the legacy of their predecessors, but have only exacerbated them. By the time Gorbachev came to power, the economic and political problems he faced were particularly prominent, the economic gap between the Soviet Union and the United States had further widened, internal corruption was serious, and reform was imminent.
Gorbachev boldly borrowed from the Western capitalist economic and political system, but the result was that the economic reform failed, and the political reform became four different things, and even led to a coup d'état, leading to his own **.
This cannot but be said to be Gorbachev's recognition of the "peaceful evolution" strategy pursued by the United States. However, it was precisely this strategy that led to the collapse of the Soviet system and the development of the United States.
Therefore, Gorbachev wanted to learn from the experience of successful reforms in the West, which was also in line with the expectations of Western countries.
After successfully achieving self-evolution, the United States also began to implement "peaceful evolution" against the former Soviet Union. This ideological subtlety, coupled with Gorbachev's illness and rush to the hospital, led to the failure of the third reform of the former Soviet Union, which eventually led to the collapse of the former Soviet Union.
Although the reformers were the target of public criticism, it was not their fault.
The ending is as the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu said in "A Fang Gong Fu": It was not the Qin State that destroyed the Six Kingdoms, but the Six Kingdoms themselves; It was not the world that led to the fall of the Qin Dynasty, but the Qin Dynasty itself.
Similarly, the Soviet Union itself is to blame for the collapse of the former Soviet Union. It is not easy to completely defeat a country from the outside, and what is really terrible is the problems that arise within the country, and once they are exploited by external hostile forces, these problems can become the fatal wound of the country.
On the road of "peaceful evolution", the Americans succeeded in completing the "evolution", so the former Soviet Union had nothing to do. And the former Soviet Union, after three generations of reforms, handed the "knife handle" to its opponent itself.
After the collapse of the former Soviet Union, Russia has finally achieved what it is today after years of reform, but it is caught in the whirlpool of war with Ukraine, which used to be under the banner of the "Soviet Union", and its former rivals are sitting on the sidelines to reap the benefits.
In general, the success or failure of a state ultimately depends on its own internal causes, not external ones. Therefore, we should reform from within, improve our own strength, and avoid allowing external forces to take advantage of it.
At the same time, it is also important to be wary of the emergence of internal problems, as this can become a stumbling block in our path.
The long-term development of a country is inseparable from its own adaptation and change, and it will be difficult to achieve development if it blindly relies on external forces or sticks to the same condition. Just as China has succeeded in reform and opening up, through its own transformation, the "evolution" imposed by Western countries has lost its impact.
Therefore, we must take the initiative to adapt to the situation and make policy adjustments in order to ensure the continuous progress of the country.