Henan**Client Reporter**
On February 21, our province ushered in a wide range of heavy cooling, rain and snow weather. What will be the impact of this round of rain and snow weather process on the 85 million mu of wheat in the province? The reporter interviewed Guo Tiancai, consultant of the Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Expert Guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and professor of Henan Agricultural University.
The agricultural proverb "Ruixue Mega Year" and "Wheat cover three quilts, sleep with steamed buns on your pillow" all show that precipitation and snow during the wintering period are generally beneficial to wheat production. In Guo Tiancai's view, rain and snow weather can effectively replenish soil moisture, kill some overwintering insect eggs and bacteria, reduce the occurrence base of diseases and insects, reduce the pressure of prevention and control in spring and later periods, and inhibit the growth of early-sown and prosperous wheat fields, which is conducive to the safe production and yield improvement of wheat.
However, since December last year, our province has continued to have a wide range of rain and snow weather, and the soil moisture in many places in the province is sufficient. According to the results of the province's moisture monitoring on February 18, the soil moisture in most areas is suitable (the relative soil moisture content is 65% 80%), and the soil in some areas is wet (the relative soil moisture content is higher than 85%). At the same time, several cooling and precipitation weather, wheat seedlings cold resistance has been exercised, coupled with last year's large area of wheat in our province late sowing at the appropriate date, the proportion of vigorous seedlings is very small, this round of strong cooling precipitation and snow weather will not have a significant adverse impact on wheat production.
In view of the rain and snow weather in this range, Guo Tiancai pointed out: "Since the Spring Festival this year, the temperature has risen quickly, the temperature is high, a small number of wheat fields have begun to turn green, the new leaves are more tender, and the ability to resist cold and frost has become weaker. In the rice stubble wheat area, low-lying areas and wheat fields with large snowfall, the soil water content is oversaturated, which is likely to cause staining (wet) damage to wheat seedlings and affect the normal growth of wheat seedlings. At the same time, the increase of soil and field humidity after this round of precipitation and snow is conducive to the epidemic of root diseases such as wheat stem base rot, sheath blight, and root rot. Guo Tiancai reminded the agricultural and rural departments and large grain growers in various localities to pay special attention to strengthening the monitoring of frost damage, staining and disease damage in wheat fields, and to remedy them through scientific management according to the conditions of the seedlings.
If it is found that wheat has frost damage, there is no need to worry too much, because wheat has a long growth cycle, strong self-regulation ability, and large room for maneuver in management. Guo Tiancai suggested that after the rain and snow, the rice stubble wheat fields and low-lying plots in southern Henan should also be cleaned up to prevent the wheat field from being stained (wet) and affecting the normal growth of roots and plants. For the wheat fields that have reached the control indicators of monitoring diseases, insects and weeds, when the average daily temperature is stable above 6 degrees, spraying prevention and control should be carried out as soon as possible, and the safe production of wheat can be ensured through scientific management of local and seedling conditions, so as to consolidate and develop the current continuous improvement of wheat seedlings in the province and further consolidate the foundation for bumper wheat yields and harvests.
Guo Tiancai told reporters that during his recent investigation and investigation at the grassroots level, he found that some farmers have begun to apply fertilizer in wheat fields, and some farmers have taken advantage of the rain and snow to spread fertilizer in wheat fields, which is unscientific. Because most of the wheat fields in our province are too large, if the spring fertilization is too early, coupled with sufficient soil moisture, it is likely to lead to excessive growth of spring tillers and deterioration of population quality, which will lay hidden dangers for lodging and early senescence in the later stage. However, for hilly dryland wheat fields without watering conditions, wheat fields with insufficient bottom fertilizer application and weak growth and have symptoms of defertilization, they can take advantage of the rain and snow weather to properly top dressing in advance, and the rest of the wheat fields can be properly topdressed in advance according to the jointing stage, so as to promote individual growth and robustness, reasonable group structure, and achieve high yield and high efficiency.