PotatoesAs an important crop, fertilization has an important impact on its growth and development, yield and quality. More on that belowPotatoesThe fertilization method in planting helps farmers in plantingPotatoesThe process of fertilization is better and thus raisedPotatoesyield and quality.
1. Characteristics of potato demand for fertilizer
According to relevant calculations,PotatoesThe ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements is about 1:05：2.5。Among them,PotatoesRightPotashThe demand is more prominent, far exceedingNitrogen fertilizermore than double. Therefore, in the process of fertilization, it is necessary to pay attention to the reasonable combination of nitrogen and phosphorusPotashmaterial, to make surePotatoesSufficient potassium can be obtained.
2. Fertilizer requirements of potatoes at different growth stages
PotatoesThe growth cycle can be divided into seedling stage, tuber formation stage, tuber expansion stage and starch accumulation stage. of each stageFertilizersThe needs are all different. Specifically:
PotatoesSeedling stage: Seedling stageNitrogen fertilizerThere is a lot of demandPotashThe demand for phosphate fertilizers is relatively low, and the demand for phosphate fertilizers is basically flat. However, if the seedling stageNitrogen fertilizerExcessive application will lead to:PotatoesThe vegetative growth is too vigorous, the plant growth is too high, and it is easy to lodge, which affects the expansion and yield of underground roots. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to control when fertilizing at the seedling stageNitrogen fertilizerDosage.
PotatoesTuber formation and bulging phase: These two periods are:PotatoesCritical stages of growth, neededFertilizersFar more than any other period. Due to the expansion of underground roots and the growth of stems and leaves in the aboveground at this time, they are synchronizedFertilizersDemand has increased significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to increase fertilization efforts during this time to ensurePotatoesAble to receive adequate nutritional support.
PotatoesStarch accumulation period:PotatoesIn the late stage of growth, the growth potential of the plants gradually weakened, and the nutrient requirements were relatively low. At this point, just be satisfiedPotatoesAbout 25% of the nutrient requirements of the entire growth cycle can be guaranteedPotatoesstarch accumulation and yield increase.
3. The basic principles of potato fertilization
Farmyard manureMain:PotatoesFertilize toFarmyard manurefor the mainFertilizersFarmyard manureIt is not only rich in organic matter and nutrients, but also has a good improvement effect on the soil, which is conducive to improvementSoil fertilityand soil nutrient retention. Each acre of land can be applied to fully decayedFarmyard manureAround 2500 kg.
Bottom fertilizerLord: InPotatoesBefore planting, it should be carried out adequatelyBottom fertilizerEmploy. Bottom fertilizerAble toPotatoesProvides long-term stability of nutrients** to promote root growth and nutrient absorption. Choose fertile, loose sandy soil for plantingPotatoesBottom fertilizerIt can be applied per acreHigh-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer3 5 square or so,High nitrogen and high potassium blended fertilizerAround 80 kg.
3) Proper topdressing: in the tuber formation stage and expansion stagePotatoesRightFertilizersThe demand is high and proper topdressing is required. Top dressing is mainly used to:Nitrogen fertilizerMainly, it can be applied per acreNitrogen fertilizerAround 6 kg, helpPotatoesAbsorbs nutrients quickly and promotes the expansion and growth of tubers.
4) The use of chlorine is prohibitedFertilizersPotatoesThe need for chlorine is minimal, and chlorine is appliedFertilizerswill causePotatoesStarch accumulation decreases, affectsPotatoesquality. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid applicationPotassium chlorideand other chlorineFertilizers, you can choosePotassium sulphate fertilizerorGrass and wood ashFertilization is carried out.
1. Bottom fertilizer application skills
Bottom fertilizerThe application is guaranteedPotatoesThe basis of nutrients throughout the growth cycle**. in the applicationBottom fertilizerThere are a few tips and dos to keep in mind:
1) Fully rotted:Bottom fertilizerTo use a well-rotted oneFarmyard manureorHigh-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizerto ensure the release and utilization of nutrients.
2) Control the amount of fertilization: according to the soil condition andPotatoesThe demand for varieties is reasonably controlledBottom fertilizerto avoid excessive fertilization and wasteEnvironmental pollution
3) Separate fertilization from seed potatoes:Bottom fertilizerWhen applying, care should be taken:Bottom fertilizerThere is no direct contact with the seed potatoes to avoid adverse effects on the growth and germination of the seed potatoes.
2. Top dressing application skills
Top dressing isPotatoesProper topdressing can help as a critical part of the growth processPotatoesBetter absorption of nutrients, promoting the expansion of tubers and increasing yields. Here are a few tips and precautions for top dressing:
1) Fertilization time:PotatoesTop dressing should be sooner rather than later, choose inPotatoesTop dressing is carried out at the stage of vigorous growth to ensure that nutrients can be promoted in a timely mannerPotatoesgrowth and development.
Nitrogen fertilizerApplication: Top dressing is mainly usedNitrogen fertilizerMainly, each acre of land can be pursuedNitrogen fertilizerAbout 6 kg. In order to improveNitrogen fertilizerThe effect of the use can beUreaDissolve in water in advance, then water about 5 cm from the root system and carry out soil cultivation.
Foliar fertilizerApplication: In addition to root topdressing, it can also be carried outFoliar fertilizerof spraying. In the tuber formation and expansion stage, 03%Potassium monobasic phosphateAqueous solution, 02%BoraxAqueous solution, 02%Zinc sulfateAqueous solutions, etc., are sprayed to replenishPotatoesTrace elements required.
3. Avoid the application of chlorine-containing fertilizers
PotatoesNot resistant to chlorine, applied with chlorineFertilizersYesPotatoeshas a negative impact on the quality. Therefore, inFertilizersChlorine-containing should be avoided in the selectionFertilizers, especiallyPotassium chlorideWait. OptionalPotassium sulphate fertilizerorGrass and wood ashCarry out fertilization to avoid pairingPotatoesnegative effects.
In short, inPotatoesIn the planting process, it is very important to fertilize scientifically and reasonably. According toPotatoesThe demand characteristics of different growth stages, take the corresponding fertilization methods, pay attentionFertilizersThe ratio and fertilization timing can be significantly improvedPotatoesyield and quality. At the same time, pay attentionEnvironmental protection, avoidFertilizersWaste and pollution from overapplication. I hope the above content can be useful to farmersPotatoesFertilization operations in planting provide some help.