Text Editor: Nirvana Says History.
In the nineteenth century, Dong Fuxiang, a general in the late Qing Dynasty, is a more complex and tragic character, he is burly, strong temperament, rarely ambitious, emerging in the anti-Qing struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in Shaanxi and Gansu, and then descended to the Qing Dynasty, transformed and was promoted to the Qing court military officials, with Zuo Zongtang west expedition to Xinjiang, with his own courage and good fighting, became the highest position in the Qing Dynasty Gansu **, and the most prestigious generation of famous generals, leaving a lot of legendary stories for future generations.
In the battle of the Eight-Nation Alliance, he led the Wuwei rear army composed of Longyou's sons to defend the capital, but after the Xinchou Treaty, he was dismissed by the Qing Dynasty and returned to his hometown.
Dong Fuxiang's life experience is complex, both merit and demerit, and there are different opinions in folk legends, and today we will talk in detail about the wolf king of the northwest in the late Qing Dynasty - Dong Fuxiang.
Old photos of the original grain. Dong Fuxiang, Daoguang was born in the nineteenth year of Maojing Dynasty Mountain in Huanxian County (Qing belongs to Guyuan, in 1958 Guyuan was assigned to Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), recorded in the "Guyuan County Chronicles", his father is called Dong Shiyou, his mother Wang, Dong Fuxiang brothers, he is the second.
Dong Shiyou is the leader of the local elders' association, Dong Fuxiang followed his father in the gang when he was young, and was deeply influenced and influenced by the gang. When he was a child, he played games with his friends, and often led the team to practice with spears and halberds, which surprised everyone.
As he grew up, his body became more and more powerful and uninhibited, and while others were talking about the harvest, he began to specialize in the art of war.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the northwest region was at a time when there were years of chaos and barren countryside, especially since the Tongzhi period, the government became increasingly corrupt, peasant uprisings occurred one after another, and ethnic minorities in Shaanxi and Gansu frequently opposed the Qing Dynasty.
When Dong Fuxiang was 23 years old, he saw that the world was chaotic and the people's hearts were in danger, and he knew that he needed to protect himself at this time to avoid this catastrophe, so he secretly connected himself in the local area, using the relationship between his father and elder brother to call on the villagers to rise up and defend themselves. In "Gansu People's Chronicles. Zhang Jun's Biography records that at the beginning of Tongzhi, Shaanxi and Gansu were in turmoil, and the rebels fell into Zhuzhouyi. ”
During this period, Dong Fuxiang was mainly doing things equivalent to group training, but this incident aroused the vigilance of the local government, because at that time, it was the Sichuan-Yunnan rebel army transferred to Shaanxi, the Hubei-Henan army peeped into Xi'an, and various forces in Shaanxi and Gansu were also ready to move, especially in the Longdong region, there were already signs of large-scale anti-Qing resistance.
Therefore, at this time, the Qing court naturally had a sense of vigilance, and sent people everywhere to arrest from time to time, which aroused Dong Fuxiang's aggressiveness, so he more actively gathered people and began to point the spearhead at the government, and carried out local struggles against donations and taxes.
During this period, Dong Xiangfu was also arrested by the government once and tortured, but soon, Dong escaped from prison because of the activities of the elders.
It was during this period that the army of the ethnic minorities in Shaanxi was surrounded and suppressed by the Qing court in Guanzhong, and had to withdraw from Shaanxi and enter Gansu, while the people of Lingzhou, Hezhou, Xining, Suzhou, Pingliang and other places in Gansu Province in order to respond to the uprising army in Gansu, they rose up one after another, and the West Twist Army also invaded Shaanxi under the leadership of Zhang Zongyu and wandered on both sides of the Wei River.
The people in Huanxian and Guyuan were already unbearable because of the Qing court's excesses and miscellaneous taxes, but now they saw that all parts of Shaanxi and Gansu were in chaos, and they felt that their hometown was difficult to protect, so they all supported Dong Fuxiang to come out and expand their self-defense forces.
Based on this, Dong Fuxiang gathered thousands of people in a very short period of time, forming a force that should not be underestimated in the vast countryside of Guyuan and Huan County.
At that time, in the area of Gu and Huan, there was not only Dong Fuxiang's force, but also this kind of similar civilian group training arm.
Four or five, but Dong Fuxiang's is the most powerful, those few similar forces often carry out various mergers and fights, and in the end, kill and kill, no one can kill anyone, and the surrounding areas began to be chaotic, so everyone sat down to negotiate, everyone thought that they still had to form a force to get through this chaos. So everyone jointly elected Dong Fuxiang as the head of the league.
With this capital, Dong Fuxiang began to negotiate with the neighboring armies that had started to demarcate the boundaries and not invade each other.
If it is said that from a civilian to the head of the regiment, it is the first major change in Dong Fuxiang's life, then the change from a regiment to a "bandit" is Dong Fuxiang's second change, and it is also a major turning point in his life.
In the northwest at that time, especially in Shaanxi and Gansu, these two conditions were gradually lost because of large-scale turmoil, the country's rule in Gansu had been paralyzed, and the Qing court was unable to suppress the local rebellion, so it had to adjust the previous main suppression policy to pacify.
The group practice was banned, and there were no more than two endings, first, disbanded, and second, I will also work against the government!
Of course, most people don't have the courage to take the first road, but Dong Fuxiang, who has begun to grow bigger, but has still reached the level of regimental training that has attracted more attention from the rebels and the government, then choose the second way, anyway, he didn't plan to stand on the same front with the government at that time.
In the fourth year of Tongzhi, the Qing court accumulated strength and decided to exterminate the rebels again, so it appointed Yang Yuebin, the general of the Hunan army, as the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, presiding over the military affairs of Gansu, and ordered Duxing'a, Mu Tushan, Lei Zhengjuan, and Cao Kezhong to cooperate with the rebels in Jinjibao in the north and south, in order to turn the tide of the war.
At this time, Dong Xiangfu in accordance with the agreement with the rebels, to respond, both sides of the Qing army, resulting in the defeat of the Qing army, the Qing army's main force Lei and Cao Erbu rout under the large-scale mutiny, retreating to the direction of Pingliang, Dong Fuxiang led the troops to take advantage of the victory to pursue, captured a large number of **, for a time the shock ring, solid.
It was at this time that Dong Fuxiang's army began to attract the attention of the imperial court, and in the fifth year of Tongzhi, Dong Fuxiang's name began to appear in the name of "rebel bandit" in the twists and turns of Liu Rong, the governor of Shaanxi.
And of course, this also brought fame to Dong Fuxiang, with fame, more and more people naturally came to join him, and in just one year, Dong Fuxiang had 100,000 people under his command. It has become a very influential armed force in the northwest region, and when other rebel armies are still playing with swords, guns, swords, halberds, axes, hooks and forks, Dong Fuxiang's men and horses have begun to be equipped with a considerable number of foreign guns and earth cannons.
You must know that regimental training is limited by the source of salary, and the Hunan army is an example, but at this time, Dong Fuxiang has broken through the restriction of the landlord's rich gentry's salary and silver, and began to rob officials and seize the village.
His men and horses are fierce in combat, Dong Fuxiang is quite talented in military affairs, and they are very good at using the terrain to fight, so they gallop in more than ten counties in Shaanxi and Gansu, and have few opponents. So much so that Liu Rong, the governor of Shaanxi, and Yang Yuebin, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, could not control the situation because of their weakness, so they had to "seek replacement with illness" and "beg for support".
By the seventh year of Tongzhi, Dong Fuxiang's troops had claimed to be 300,000, with dozens of counties in Shaanxi and Gansu, Yan'an in the south, Yimeng in the north, Suide in the east, and Huangu in the west, all of which were his sphere of influence. The Qing army was defeated repeatedly and was embarrassed.
At this time, Dong Fuxiang had already proclaimed himself the generalissimo of the Shaanxi-Gansu Self-Defense Corps. He rebelled against the government, and he was inseparable from the rebel forces, separated from the two forces, and was bent on developing his own strength.
Tso. In the face of the crisis in Shaanxi and Gansu, the Qing court hurriedly transferred Zuo Zongtang to the Shaanxi-Gansu Supervision Army. Zuo Zongtang was resourceful, and when he first formulated the plan, he clearly prioritized the objects of encirclement and suppression, and revised the policy of "suppressing the twist and pressing the soil slowly" formulated by the first imperial court to "start with the northeast and pacify the bandits first", that is to say, Zuo Zongtang first had to take Dong Fuxiang to open the knife, and then pacify the Ning and Ling ethnic minorities to raise an army.
In October of the seventh year of Tongzhi, Dong Fuxiang led a large army to attack Yan'an, Suide, Yulin and other places, especially when attacking Suide in November, there were more than 100,000 people. There is a record in the Biography of Dong Fuxiang that "the brave are defeated, the hungry people are attached to it, and the people are often 100,000." ”
Old photos of Suide at the end of the Qing Dynasty (the city tower and city wall of the east gate of Suide).
In the face of the arrogant Dong Fuxiang, Zuo Zongtang behaved very cautiously, concentrating all the troops in Yulin, Suide, Yan'an, Yanchang and other places to hold on, and transferred Zhang Yao's army to cross the river to Yulin, and Liu Songshan, commander-in-chief of the Northern Route Army, entered Suide from Shanxi to co-organize.
When Dong Fuxiang arrived in Suide, he was ambushed by the defenders of Suide on the same day, but he did not lose his spirit. The garrison was stationed in the town of Longyi, built fortifications, and prepared to wait for the opportunity to fight a big battle.
At this time, Liu Songshan, commander-in-chief of the Northern Route Army, crossed the river from Yongning, Shanxi (now Lishi County) to Suide. Together with Cheng Kang, the general of the Suide garrison, considering that Dong Fuxiang was entrenched in Jingbian and his party members were harassing Yulin, if we swept Dong's lair from the northwest of Suide, then "the border coss will be rescued, and the river defense can be lifted." ”
So the two of them divided their troops and went straight to Longwaist Town. Dong Fuxiang did not expect that the Qing army did not stick to Suide, and actually took the initiative to attack, and his subordinates were even more in a hurry, and as a result, they rushed to meet the battle, resulting in the loss of troops and heavy losses, more than 6,000 people were killed, more than 3,000 people were captured, and 20,000 rabble people ran away long ago.
The people and horses who finally escaped fled to the ancient town of Jingbao (eighty miles northeast of Jingbian County, Shaanxi, and the city is on the side of the mountain). This place has always been used by Dong Fuxiang as a base, and his family is also in Jingbian County.
On December 18, Liu Songshan led the whole army to encircle and suppress Zhenjingbao, Dong Fuxiang took more than 3,000 people to Jiazhou (now Jiaxian County, Shaanxi) at that time, Dong Fuxiang's father Dong Shiyou panicked and had to lead the people to abandon the city and surrender.
Soon after, Dong Fuxiang's father, and Zhang Jun, who later surrendered to the Qing army, strongly persuaded Dong Fuxiang to surrender, at this time Dong Fuxiang was indeed no longer able to support, and finally chose to surrender to the Qing court with the rest of the army.
Since Dong Fuxiang surrendered to Zuo Zongtang, he ended his years of anti-Qing exile activities, and his elite army was organized into three battalions by Liu Songshan, with Dong Fuxiang, Zhang Jun, and Li Shuangliang each leading a battalion, Dong Fuxiang in the center, Zhang Jun as the right battalion, and Li Shuangliang as the left battalion, called "Dong Zi Three Battalions". and awarded Dong Fuxiang five military merits.
Since then, his troops have made many achievements. In the ninth year of Tongzhi, the Qing army captured the Jijin Fort, and Dong Fuxiang was awarded the capital division. In the twelfth year of Tongzhi, the Qing army pacified Xining, Dong Fuxiang was promoted to guerrilla, and later in the battle of Wave Lake in Ningxia, he was loyal and brave, and the command was determined, and he was awarded Hua Ling by the Qing court, and was promoted from the five-rank military merit to the third-grade general, and his status was gradually improved.
After that, Dong gained Zuo Zongtang's complete trust. In a letter to Liu Songshan, Zuo Zongtang said: "Dong Fuxiang was very rewarded for his ability to rise up and kill thieves," and the "Dong Zi Third Battalion" was also expanded into the Mabu Ninth Battalion, becoming a strong force with extremely strong combat effectiveness.
When Dong Fuxiang surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, it was also an eventful autumn in China's Xinjiang region. At that time, Aguba, the leader of the Kokand Khan Affair in Central Asia, with the support of Russia and Britain, invaded the southern part of Xinjiang and established the puppet regime of the "Zhedeshar Khanate". At the beginning of the tenth year of Tongzhi (1871), Tsarist Russia took advantage of the temporary loss of actual control over Xinjiang by the Qing Dynasty and sent troops to invade Ili, the gateway to the western part of China, and a serious territorial crisis occurred in the northwest frontier of China.
Zuo Zongtang's Western Expeditionary Army Camp.
In July of the second year of Guangxu (1876), Zuo Zongtang was ordered to conquer the Xinjiang Agubai bandits. On the left, Liu Jintang's department of Xining Road was the forward, and Dong Fuxiang led the department to join the expedition. It is recorded in the "Qing Diplomatic Historical Materials" that in fact, "Liu Jintang's army is called the Hunan Army, and there are many strong men in Longxi." That is, it refers to the "Dong Zi Three Battalions" under the command of Dong Fuxiang under the Liu Department. Because the army is composed of Gan soldiers and serves the water and soil outside the customs, it serves as the vanguard of the army out of the customs. Dong Fuxiang also came into play.
After the Qing army out of the customs, the first battle of the Tianshan Mountains, it was a windy day, everyone did not dare to rush forward, Dong Fuxiang led the crowd to the city, made a great contribution, in the later war, Dong Fuxiang led his army as a vanguard charge into battle, and served as an outpost detective and engineer mission.
When it came to the Urumqi siege, Zhang Jun of Dong Fuxiang's department took the lead, first attacked from the north city, and later when recovering the city of Manas, because the city wall was strong, it was not able to fight for more than a month, Liu Jintang sent Dong Fuxiang's army to help, Dong Fuxiang came to the city in person, and came up with a way to blow up the city wall with a tunnel, after the city wall was blown up, Dong Fuxiang personally led his army into the city, and achieved first-class military merit, for which he was rewarded by the imperial court. Raid Cavalry Lieutenant and Cloud Cavalry Lieutenant.
In the spring of the third year of Guangxu, the northern Xinjiang has been decided, and the Qing army is divided into three ways to attack Agubai's nest, and Liu Jintang and Dong Fuxiang's army go straight to Bancheng from Urumqi. Dong Fuxiang's army was unstoppable, and he successively went to Bancheng, Tuoxun, Harashaar, Korla, Kucha, and Baicheng, and "chased 1,200 miles north for five days and nights."
After arriving in Aksu, Dong Fuxiang led the army through the Taklamakan Desert, and went south, and the Qing army besieged Kashgar in many ways,。。
Later, Liu Jintang established the Ji Gong Monument in the place, and Dong Fuxiang and Zhang Jun of the same county were listed among the six generals of the Ji Gong Monument.
Aguba armed.
After the pacification of southern Xinjiang, Agubai's son Berkehuri and the Shaanxi rebel Bai Yanhu had entered the territory, and were instigated and supported by Tsarist Russia, and began to harass the border continuously, and threatened to follow the orders of ** to take Kashgar and the cities of Ingishhar.
Dong Fuxiang was transferred to Kashgar to meet the rebels, and was repeatedly defeated by the rebels, one day, more than 3,000 rebels came to attack, Dong Fuxiang personally led the army in the wilderness day and night, took the bird road to climb the cliff, walked more than 300 miles in two days and one night, copied the enemy's rear road, at this time the enemy was just ready to rest, in the canyon "unsaddle the horse" time, Dong Jun suddenly came from the mountain to cover up, the enemy panicked, collapsed, Dong Fuxiang's army killed countless thieves like chopping vegetables and melons, and then began to search for the rebels who fled into the mountains, and killed more than 300 people.
In this battle, the rebels entered China about 3,000 people, and only a few dozen escaped into the net.
This battle was greatly praised by Zuo Zongtang, saying that since the exit, the difficulty of this battle is the most.
Later, Zhang Lingxuan commented in his "Ganjun Chronicles": "Zuo Zongtang led the Hunan army to quell the chaos, and those who charged into battle were all the sons of Sanlong, Pinggansu and Xinjiang, mostly because of Zhang and Dong Ergong. ”
Therefore, after pacifying Xinjiang, Dong Fuxiang was promoted from the general army of Aksu to the governor of Kashgar, defended the country and the border, and held on to the western part of China for 19 years. During his reign, Dong Fuxiang wrote to the Qing court many times, and put forward many practical and effective suggestions for strengthening border defense and governing Xinjiang, which were gradually valued by the imperial court. In the nineteenth year of Guangxu, Cixi celebrated her sixtieth birthday, and was rewarded with the title of Dong Fuxiang.
In the twentieth year of Guangxu, in the Sino-Japanese First Sino-Japanese Naval Battle, the Beiyang Naval Division was defeated, the government and the opposition were shocked, Cixi took Dong Fuxiang's good fighting as the reason, and ordered him to lead the Gan army into the defense, so Dong Fuxiang led the eighteen battalions of the department to leave Xinjiang, and when passing through Gansu, ten battalions such as Ma Anliang, Ma Haiyan, and Ma Rujiao were added.
Gan soldiers. Because Dong Fuxiang's army is basically tall and strong strong tough guys in the northwest, and Dong himself is also tall and burly, so the military appearance is very strong, and after entering the capital, people are inspired.
Cixi summoned Dong Fuxiang, and Dong Fuxiang even said: "The minister has no other ability, but he is good at killing foreigners." ”
Because he won the trust of Cixi and the high-level of the Qing court, he used 10,000 people as the rear army of the military guard and stationed in Jizhou.
In the 22nd year of Guangxu, there was another minority uprising in the northwest, Dong Fuxiang was ordered to lead the army to Anding (now Dingxi), led the army to build a pontoon bridge on a sheepskin raft, crossed the Tao River, attacked the rebel forces, quelled the uprising, and added the prince Shaobao with military merits, transferred to the governor of Gansu, supervised the military affairs of Gansu, and the Shaanxi and Gansu garrisons were under his command.
In the second year, Cixi listened to the government again, and soon, there was a change in the law, Cixi strongly opposed, conspired with Rong Lu, the governor of Zhili, to abolish Guangxu, in order to strengthen the armed strength of the Beijing division, Cixi once again recruited Dong Fuxiang to lead the Gan army into Beijing, stationed in Zhili and Shanxi.
Cixi attached great importance to Dong Fuxiang, and gave him the Forbidden City to ride a horse and shoulder the court, and to wear a mink coat (the highest reward for a military general), Dong Fuxiang knew that he was grateful and repaid, and further expressed his loyalty to Cixi, which made Cixi very satisfied. Immediately, Dong Jun was incorporated into the Beiyang Three Armies under the control of Rong Lu.
In the 26th year of Guangxu, the Boxer Rebellion arose, and the Qing court recognized the Boxer Rebellion as a legitimate organization in order to deal with the foreign powers. Under the slogan of "helping the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreigners", the Boxers marched into Beijing, during which Dong Fuxiang's armed guard army also had a large number of soldiers and junior officers to join them, and the embassies of the great powers in China also organized guards to confront.
With the escalation of the conflict, Dong Fuxiang was ordered by Duanwang Zaiyi to lead the army to cooperate with the Boxers to attack the embassy. However, this matter did not receive strong support from the Qing court, and the embassy was tightly defended, so it was still not fought for more than a month.
And more than 30,000 Eight-Nation Coalition troops have occupied Dagu, approaching Tianjin, most of the Qing court ** panicked, the main fighters are getting fewer and fewer, the Qing court transferred the military guard army to Beicang to resist, stubbornly resisted for more than 20 days, but at this time Tianjin has fallen, under the enemy's back, Dong Fuxiang sighed, the knife will kill himself, left and right saw this and hurriedly stopped, Dong Fuxiang away. His troops then retreated to defend between Guangqumen, Dongbianmen, and Chaoyangmen in Beijing.
There has always been a debate in history about whether Dong Fuxiang resisted fiercely, especially later Li Hongzhang, Yuan Shikai, Zhang Zhidong and other important ministers of the imperial court all disagreed.
However, Hong Shoushan, a contemporary of the time, recorded in his "Chronicles of Current Affairs": "The Wuwei Army has been set up, and Dong Shuai is lonely and difficult to speak, but it is a pity that the Qing Dynasty has millions of soldiers, and it is useless when the matter comes." "The attached text after the poem" Shenji Battalion, Tiger God Battalion and other foreign soldiers arrived, such as wolves meet tigers, rats meet cats and escape early, only Dong Fuxiang is alone, loyal and brave, leading the army and obeying orders. ”
In the "Eyewitness of the Eight-Nation Alliance" written by reporter Yanchevetsky, it was also recorded that when the Russian army bombarded the city of Beijing, "General Dong Fuxiang's brave troops were distributed throughout the city wall, hidden behind the bullet holes, and began to use old-fashioned smoothbore guns to attack Gorsky's brave company**." Vintage Chinese cannons fire outwards from a tower with their terrifying and deep roar. "By the time the coalition forces attacked the city, the Eight Banners and the Green Battalion were scattered like birds and beasts," only the stubborn soldiers of General Dong Fuxiang, who had caused us to suffer a lot, were still resisting. ”
Gansu People Chronicles records that "Ma Fulu, the general of Dong Fuxiang guarding the Zhengyang Gate, when" the enemy fell into Zhengyang Gate, Fulu reinforcements landed in the city, plotted to seize the building, broke the enemy's card seven, fought at night, and the artillery was not in the battle. Brother Fugui and Fuquan, ** Chengtu and Zhaotu are all dead. ”
This tragic battle ended with the fall of the capital.
However, Dong Fuxiang and his military rear army left a deep impression on the invaders. For example, the Englishman Park Dewell's "The Siege of the Embassy of Gyeongja" recorded: "Dong's army is very easy to distinguish, all of them are tall and majestic, and they have been exposed to the sun for a long time, and they have become brown, which is no different from the color of cocoa. "Dong Fuxiang led his fierce and fearful bravery" and so on.
Considering the two different theories, Dong Fuxiang, an important minister in the DPRK, was Dong Fuxiang who escorted the Qing court into exile in Xi'an, and Yuan Shikai, Zhang Zhidong and others expelled him from Xi'an in order to restrict and contact Dong's military power, with political purposes. The records of the contemporaries and foreign countries should be more authentic.
However, in this war with the Eight-Nation Alliance, Dong Fuxiang failed to die on the battlefield, but eventually became a victim of the compromise between the Qing court and imperialism.
When Li Hongzhang negotiated peace with the foreign powers, Dong Fuxiang, as the direct leader who led the troops to attack the embassy, the great powers demanded that they must be killed, otherwise they would not negotiate with him. Li Hongzhang then sent an urgent telegram to the Xi'an Military Aircraft Department to inquire about the handling method.
However, the scheming Li Hongzhang also considered another problem and added a paragraph to the telegram, saying that Dong Fuxiang had been operating in Shaanxi and Gansu for a long time, and if he killed Dong Fuxiang, he was worried about provoking a revolt among the people in the western region, and "he should slow down."
The Qing court was indeed choked by the Northwest People's Revolution a few years ago, so it did not dare to deal with Dong Fuxiang rashly. After weighing it again and again, he also considered that Dong Fuxiang did have too much effect, so he made a disposition: "Dong Fuxiang, the governor of Gansu, used to handle the military exploits in this province, and since he was transferred to Beijing, he did not understand the situation at home and abroad, and he preached the way of faith and harmony in the imperial court, failed to rely on his body, and was reckless in case of trouble, and should have been severely punished. ”
But this trick was quickly seen through by the foreign powers and expressed dissatisfaction, and the Qing court had no choice but to increase the punishment and dismiss Dong Fuxiang from his post and imprison him...
Dong Fuxiang was annoyed and angry by this unfair treatment, and expressed his strong dissatisfaction in a letter of protest, claiming that all his actions were done according to orders, and he was not good at it, and now he is looking for the reason, and it is his own sin.
And the soldiers of his Gan army also complained that so many brothers had died, and now they were beaten and raked by the imperial court.
In order to appease the resentment of Dong Fuxiang and Gan Jun, Cixi had to issue an edict to comfort Dong Fuxiang and make him understand the unavoidable hardships of the imperial court, and to Gan Jun, Rong Lu also gave 500,000 taels to calm the people.
At this point, Dong Fuxiang had to bend his mind and return to his hometown. Settled in Jinji Fort. The old department was stationed in Majiatan.
In the thirtieth year of Guangxu (1904), the Yellow River flooded, and Dong Fuxiang donated 280,000 taels of silver to help the victims.
Dongfu, Jinji Town, Wuzhong City, Ningxia.
In the thirty-third year of Guangxu, Dong Fuxiang was critically ill, and his last words were: I still have 400,000 taels left, and now the imperial court administration is repeated, and there are still many places that need money, so I will donate this money to the country.
Extended to the ninth day of the first month of the 34th year of Guangxu, Dong Fuxiang, whose ambition was not paid, died in Jinjibao at the age of 70.
Dong Fuxiang. Dong Fuxiang's life is extremely complicated, with distinctive characteristics of the times and historical characteristics, in his lifelong military career, he has done regimental training, but also rebelled against the imperial court, and after the Qing Dynasty, he turned around and suppressed the army of the Northwest Rebellion, and later called Zuo Zongtang's fierce general.
In the struggle to resist the invasion of Tsarist Russia and recover the lost territory in Xinjiang, he made outstanding achievements and became a high-ranking general, and thus became the right-hand man of the Cixi group, and finally fought hard in the war of aggression against China by the Eight-Nation Alliance, and finally became a victim.
In our modern history, there are many such heroes or tragic heroes, Dong Fuxiang is also one of them, we evaluate a historical figure, we must stand in the context of the times at that time, he as a team training, to ensure the peace of the party is worthy of affirmation.
The Wuxu coup d'état, the Gan army marched into the capital.
However, as a bandit robbing the official and plundering the village, although there is a helplessness, but it cannot be regarded as a worthy affirmation, as the conservative side of Cixi's faction, he also opposes the change of law, this is his limitation, and he has been defending the border for a long time, counterattacking foreign aggression, etc., is absolutely commendable.
But as Dong Fuxiang finally defended himself, all my actions are".Do what you are toldOnly then did we discover that in his lifelong military and political career, he had never been in the position of decision-making, but at different times and by different circumstances, he was pushed to the front line of the struggle.
In that era of war and chaos, Dong Fuxiang came, sometimes he did it right, sometimes he did it wrong. Later, Dong Fuxiang left, leaving behind sighs and regrets that his ambition died before he was paid.
Nowadays, we stand in a relatively fair position and record what they did, just to restore a more real historical figure, and to see through those people and things in modern society and modern history.
References:
Qing Historical Manuscripts. Biography of Dong Fuxiang.Ren Hengjun: Qing Ji Wu Weijun Examination.
Wang Xilong: A review of Dong Fuxiang's deeds.
Zhang Huanzong: Dong Fuxiang and his people.
Xue Zhengchang: Dong Fuxiang's resistance to the Eight-Nation Alliance.
Wang Boxiang: Dong Fuxiang Historical Materials.
Zhang Wei: Gansu Portraits.