Ambition.
Tang] Wang Ji. Donggao looks forward to the twilight, and the desire to rely on it.
The trees are all autumn colors, and the mountains are only sunset.
The shepherds drove the calves back, and the hunting horses brought back the fowls.
There is no acquaintance with each other, and the long song is full of flowers.
Generally speaking, people divide the Tang Dynasty into four periods, namely the Early Tang Dynasty, the Prosperous Tang Dynasty, the Middle Tang Dynasty, and the Late Tang Dynasty. When it comes to the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty, we may first think of the "four masters" of Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, and Luo Bin Wang, but when they were just born, Wang Ji was already famous in the early Tang Dynasty poetry circle. So, what is Wang Ji famous for his poetry and walking the rivers and lakes? The first is that his writing style is very different from the mainstream. At that time, the works of mainstream writers in the poetry circle were very beautiful in language, and the battles were also very neat, but the content was mostly in favor of harmony, such as praising the flowers in the imperial garden when traveling with the emperor, and praising the good weather and good seasons. In today's words, such poems are very "good-looking", but lack connotation. Most of Wang Ji's poems are written about drinking wine and mountains, because they are written very casually and when they have feelings, there is often a natural wild and natural "true" atmosphere in the poems. This is very different from the poems written by scholars at that time to please the emperor and entertain colleagues.
Like his poems, Wang Ji's personality was also a wonderful flower in the early Tang Dynasty. "The Biography of Tang Caizi" records that Wang Ji "is simple and arrogant, good at drinking, can do five buckets, and wrote "The Biography of Mr. Five Buckets". Playing the piano, writing poems, writing essays, high affection and victory, and standing alone at that time". Wang Ji is addicted to alcohol, often delays official affairs because of drunkenness, and has a very arrogant temperament, so he does not recruit colleagues to see him, and his career is not smooth, he entered the court as an official three times, and resigned three times to return to his hometown. The first time he was in the great cause of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, he was a secretary of the provincial orthography, and his official position was not high, and his main job was to proofread the text and manage the classics. Later, he was reassigned to the local area to be a county in Liuhe County, Yangzhou, because of drinking and misconduct, coupled with his unruly personality, his colleagues repeatedly beat him for his "small report". Wang Ji was very unsatisfactory in office, so he resigned and went home on the grounds of illness. In the fifth year of Gaozu Wude in the early Tang Dynasty (622 AD), Wang Ji entered the court for the second time as an official and waited for the edict to go down to the province. The salary of the edict is meager, but he is provided with three liters of good wine every day. Someone asked Wang Ji: "Are you happy to be edicted?" Wang Ji replied: "Only three liters of wine make people nostalgic." After hearing about this incident, Chen Shuda, who was serving as a waiter at the time, added Wang Ji's three liters of wine to a bucket, and people called Wang Ji "Bachelor of Wine Fighting", which was passed down as a beautiful talk in later generations. Later, Wang Ji's elder brother Wang Ning offended the ministers of the court, and his brothers were all excluded, and Wang Ji once again returned to his hometown under the pretext of illness. The situation with the third appointment and resignation is broadly similar to the previous two. The various difficulties in his career made Wang Ji realize that his destination was in the idyllic mountains. This poem "Wild Hope" is Wang Ji's representative work describing the "mountains and wilderness", the poetic language is smooth and natural, and in the description of the natural mountain scenery seen by Ye Wang, it conveys his own wandering and helpless feelings.
In the first two sentences of the poem, "Donggao is looking forward to the twilight, and the desire to migrate", "Donggao" points out that the location of "wild hope" is in Donggao, which may be a place that the poet often goes to when he is in a bad mood; "Twilight" indicates that the time is in the evening; "What do you want" points out that the poet's mood at this time is hesitant and depressed. The ancients wrote that autumn was mostly sad, as Liu Yuxi wrote in "Autumn Words": "Since ancient times, autumn has been sad and lonely." Writing about dusk, there are few works with high emotions, such as Li Shangyin said in "Dengle Youyuan": "The sunset is infinitely good, but it is just near dusk." "The beauty of the sunset is not worth the sorrow of dusk. The time of Wang Ji's trip to Donggao is precisely the dusk of autumn, which sets the tone of the whole poem will not be brisk. We can imagine: on an autumn evening, the weather is already a little cold, and the poet comes to Donggao alone, looking far away, his heart is depressed, there is no land, but no one can comfort him.
In this state of mind, what is the scene in Wang Ji's eyes? The next four sentences are: "The trees are all autumn colors, and the mountains are only sunset." The shepherds drove the calves back, and the hunting horses brought back the fowls. "As far as the eye can see, all the trees are dyed in autumn colors, and the afterglow of the setting sun falls on the mountains. The shepherd drove the herd back to his homeland, and the hunter walked past the poet with his prey. These four lines of poetry form a picture of the autumn scenery of the mountains and wilderness, which has an idyllic mood. As soon as the words "all" and "only" came out, this picture of the autumn scenery of the mountains and wilderness was covered with a touch of lonely color, and the poem said that the natural scenery was only full of "autumn colors" and "sunset" of the mountains and forests, and the breath of gloom came to the face. The words "return" and "return" evoke the poet's deep thinking of "where to belong", and the pastoral scenery contains an inexpressible bitter emotion.
The two sentences at the end: "There is no acquaintance with each other, and the long song is Huai Caiwei." In reality, the loneliness of "no acquaintance" made Wang Ji only remember the ancients who were as noble as himself through singing. The allusion of "Cai Wei" comes from "Historical Records: The Biography of Bo Yi Lie", which tells the story of Bo Yi and Shu Qi who were unwilling to be Zhou's courtiers after the fall of Yin Shang, and ate on Shouyang Mountain, and finally starved to death. Wang Ji borrowed this allusion to express his sense of seclusion. In fact, using the allusion of "picking rose" to express one's own aspirations in the poem has appeared as early as the Wei and Jin dynasties. For example, the famous poet Ji Kang at that time said in "Poetry of Indignation": "Cai Wei Mountain, exude rock Xiu." Forever roaring and chanting, longevity. That's what it means.
In general, the poem is artistically known for its simplicity and naturalness, and its language is shallow and profound. Through just a few lines of poetry, the reader enters the preset situation and has a deep understanding of the emotions conveyed by the poet.
Shangshan early travel. Tang] Wen Tingyun.
Get up in the morning to march to the priesthood, and go to the hometown of sorrow.
The sound of chickens is in the month of Maodian, and the track is frosty on the bridge.
Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, citrus aurantium flower Ming post wall.
Because of the dream of Du Ling, the wild goose is full of return to the pond.
Wen Tingyun was a famous poet and lyricist in the late Tang Dynasty. Coming from a declining aristocratic family, he was gifted and studious from an early age, so he was not only versatile, but also particularly proficient in poetry. Those who are familiar with Wen Tingyun will know that he also has a nickname called "Wen Bacha". Why did he get such a strange name? It turned out that in the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination was based on poetry, and each exam would limit the rhyme, requiring it to be done in accordance with the official rhyme, and Wen Tingyun was extremely agile, whenever this time, he crossed his hands over each other, released and crossed again, and repeated eight times to get the eight rhymes, everyone admired him very much, so he got such a good name. But from this incident, we can also see that the talented Wen Tingyun has participated in many imperial examinations. It stands to reason that having such a talent and such a reflex should not be tried and failed, which actually has a lot to do with his character. Wen Tingyun is not only poetic and romantic, but also uninhibited, often satirizing the powerful, and once undermined the discipline of the examination room in an exam, so he has never achieved official fame, and naturally cannot be reused. Fortunately, the prime minister at that time, Ling Huxuan, was still quite appreciative of him, and he was often able to enter and leave the prime minister's mansion freely. However, he was too revealing and promoted himself, and finally offended Prime Minister Linghu. According to historical records, the emperor at that time, Tang Xuanzong, especially liked to listen to the words of "Bodhisattva Man", so Ling Huxuan asked Wen Tingyun to write words for him, secretly presented them to the emperor, and told him that this matter must be kept secret, but unexpectedly, Wen Tingyun did not take long to tell this matter. Another time, Ling Huxuan asked him for an allusion, he opened his mouth and said it, and said to Ling Huxuan: "This is not a rare allusion, let's read some ancient books after work." Since then, Ling Fox has gradually alienated him, so Wen Tingyun has not made much progress in his career.
In the thirteenth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (859 AD), Wen Tingyun was deposed as the lieutenant of Sui County, which is today's Suizhou City, located in the northern part of Hubei Province. At that time, Xu Shang guarded Xiangyang and recruited him as a patrol officer, and Wen Tingyun set off from Chang'an to Xiangyang. Wen Tingyun, who passed through this place, although his ancestral home is Shanxi, but because he has lived in Chang'an for a long time, he has long regarded Chang'an as his hometown.
The poem is simple in narrative, lyrical and tactful, the scene is symbiotic, and the combination of fiction and reality, and the biggest feature of the poem is that it expresses the feeling of imprisonment and service through the word "early". There is not a single word "early" in the whole text of the poem, but traces of "early" can be seen everywhere, which can better reflect the feeling of homesickness.
At the beginning of the poem, "Rise in the morning to march to the priesthood, and walk to the hometown of sorrow", pointing out his own situation. In the early morning, the bells on the carriage were already shaking, and I was about to leave my hometown, and my heart was filled with sadness. The word "morning rise" corresponds to "morning travel", and the three words "sad hometown" point out the theme of the poem.
Poetic. The third and fourth sentences of "the sound of the rooster is in the month of Maodian, and the frost of the track is Banqiao", which is a famous sentence that has always been recited. Why are these two sentences so famous? Because it uses only a few nouns (imagery) superimposed, without a single related word, not a single adjective or lyrical phrase, it truly depicts a typical early morning scene, showing the poet's inner sadness. The poet who stayed in the mountain "Maodian" the night before had already gotten up, and at this time, the bright moon was still hanging in the sky, the road was sparsely populated, and the wooden plank bridge was covered with a layer of frost. These are all scenes that only exist at the beginning of the day, although there is not a word about the toil of the journey, but the sense of haste and the sorrow of the long journey are all in front of you. These two sentences often remind us of the Yuan Dynasty "Qu Zhuangyuan" Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Autumn Thought" in "Withered vines and old trees, faint crows, small bridges and flowing water, ancient roads and westerly winds and thin horses". This is also a direct superposition of some nouns, and there are no related words, leaving a lot of blanks for readers to fill in by themselves, giving people full imagination.
The next two lines continue to write about the scene in front of him, as time goes by, the sun gradually rises, and the sun is just right, so the poet sees the mistletoe leaves falling all over the mountain road, and the orange flowers are blooming brightly on the earthen wall of the post station under the sun. Such a beautiful sight reminded the poet of last night's dream, in which the poet returned to his hometown, where wild ducks and geese were playing in the pond. "Duling" here refers to Chang'an, and "Duling Dream" echoes with "sad hometown". The specific description of the dream makes the homesickness express vividly and naturally.
Every step away from home is full of nostalgia for the past and confusion about the future. It was still early, and the people who were in a hurry were about to start a new day's rush, and the dream of last night was still clear, but this lonely person was still a distant traveler.