1. Planting time.
Autumn planting of bitter melon usually takes place in July to August each year, while winter planting takes place in November and December. Due to the suitable temperature, humidity and climatic conditions, these two periods are more suitable for the germination and growth of bitter gourd seeds.
2. Variety selection.
Choosing the right seeds is the key to achieving high yields. Seeds with obvious nodules, white skin, and long cones should be selected, and these seeds should have the characteristics of heat tolerance, fertilizer tolerance and high yield.
3. Seed treatment.
Bitter gourd seeds have a hard shell, so germination treatment is required before sowing to improve the survival rate. First, soak the seeds in hot water of about 55 degrees and stir, and continue to soak for about 12 hours after the water temperature drops to room temperature. Then, make a small cut in the seeds to help absorb water and germinate. Next, wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and place them in an incubator of about 30 degrees Celsius to germinate. Wash with water once a day and the seeds will germinate after about 4 to 6 days.
4. Planting technology.
When the seedlings have grown about 3 leaves, they can start planting. Implant the seedlings in the prepared soil, taking care to keep the spacing between the plants at about 50 cm. Water it immediately after planting and let it gradually acclimatize to the new environment. After about half a month, the roots are basically adapted to the soil, after which regular maintenance is carried out. During the growth period, it is necessary to regularly cultivate and weed, and pay attention to protecting the root system of bitter gourd.
5. Pest control.
Newly planted bitter melons are susceptible to insect infestations, especially aphids. Once aphids are found, they should be treated with an insecticide, such as 1500 times dimethoate aqueous solution, and sprayed on the leaves to quickly eliminate the infestation.
6. Water and fertilizer management.
Water and fertilizer management during the growth of bitter gourd is essential for high yields. It usually needs to be watered every 7 to 10 days, taking care to avoid standing water, which may affect root respiration. After the bitter gourd germinates, it should be topdressed in time, and thin water and fertilizer should be applied frequently at the seedling stage to promote rapid growth. After harvesting, top dressing is also required, with 400 to 700 kg of rotting farm manure and 3 to 4 kg of urea per mu.
7. Harvest timing.
In order to ensure a high yield of bitter gourd, the harvest time should be grasped properly. By observing whether the stripes and nodules on the surface of bitter gourd are obviously raised, the degree of maturity is judged. Harvesting too early or too late can affect yield, so the accuracy of harvest timing is crucial.
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