On March 3, 1997, **of** appeared on the cover of Time magazine for the ninth time.
As a great man of a generation who led China's reform and opening up and led the Chinese people to a happy life, his death is not only saddened by the Chinese people, but even some Western countries deeply remember the death of ***.
FigOn March 3, 1997, the cover character of Time Magazine in the United States ——*
Former Clinton in the United States once commented
"China plays an important role in international affairs today, in large part because of Mr. Deng's decision to open his country to the outside world. He promoted China's historic program of economic reforms, which greatly improved the living standards of the Chinese and modernized the country in many ways. ”While winning the respect of the world, it has also helped China win the respect of the whole world. The first time it appeared on the cover of Time magazine was on September 13, 1963, and it was on the cover with *** at that time
It was from this time that the world's attention was on China.
There is no doubt that in the past history, China was a world-renowned power, although it was lonely in modern times, but it is undeniable that China has a profound cultural heritage, and it is possible for her to rise again.
Western countries have expressed great concern about China's possible role in the world.
Although China at this time, there are still many things to be done.
Fig** with ***
As for Sino-US relations, before Nixon, they had been interrupted for 20 years. Since 1955, the two sides have been constantly trying to make sexual contacts, and even held many ambassadorial-level talks, but in fact, they are only saying their own things, China wants to solve the Taiwan issue, and the United States has frozen its assets, and the United States wants China to give up reunification by force and join the negotiations on limiting **.
In the 15 years of dialogue between China and the United States, there have been 136 meetings at the ambassadorial level, and only one agreement has been reached.
The United States really paid attention to China after Nixon took office.
At that time, both China and the United States realized the important position of each other strategically, which provided another possibility for the two sides to engage with each other.
In 1969, after Nixon was elected to the United States, he publicly declared in an interview:"We must constantly look for opportunities to talk to her, and also to the USSR. We must not only pay attention to whether there is change, but we must also look for opportunities to make change. ”
Nixon's "she" refers to China.
China has also made considerable efforts to transform Sino-US relations.
In 1970, the couple was invited to visit China, and accepted the invitation of ***, climbed the Tiananmen Tower, and later published a conversation with ***. In the speech published, ** mentioned a sentence *** said to him:
"If Richard Milhouse Nixon visits China, he will be welcomed, both as a tourist and as a **. ”With the development of ping-pong diplomacy and Nixon's visit to China, the relationship between China and the United States has also undergone earth-shaking changes.
FigIn April 1974, he led a delegation to attend the Sixth Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly.
As the first person in charge of China's diplomatic negotiations, he has been highly valued by Western countries. In the eyes of the Americans, they belong to a pragmatic and moderate force within China and are willing to promote the development of diplomatic relations with the United States.
Unfortunately, on January 8, 1976, ** died of illness.
The death of Western countries is anxious, can the strategic reconciliation between China and the United States continue to be promoted?
Western countries have set their sights on ***.
** After returning to work in 1973, he began to attend various public appearances and attended the Sixth Special Session of the United Nations in April 1974.
Especially during the period of serious illness, with the support of ***, he fully presided over the daily work of the party, the state and the army.
As the successor of ***, will ** be able to continue the policies of *** at the time and promote the transformation of relations with the West?
On January 19, 1976, the avatar of ** appeared on the cover of Time magazine again, but this time it was a person, and the tone was dark, and the dull tone also represented the anxiety of the West during this period.
But their fears are clearly unfounded.
FigCover of Time magazine, January 19, 1976.
It is precisely because of the Sino-US relationship that a great leap forward has been achieved in the past ten years.
But when dealing with it at the beginning, it was obvious that Westerners didn't have a very good opinion of ***.
In the eyes of Westerners, his gentle words and deeds are full of the charm of Confucianism, and he is the pragmatic, idealistic and moderate leader of a socialist country in their eyes.
And in the eyes of most Westerners, it is necessary to be slightly stronger, especially when it comes to dialogue.
Even in China, the severity of ** is well known.
Even *** also praises *** for being a steel company.
When he was in the Eighth Route Army, he was a well-known Confucian general, so much so that many years later, his old subordinates still sighed: Master Liu is like the eldest brother of everyone, and he is heartbroken for everyone.
All in all, Liu Deng's cooperation during the war years was once passed down as a good story by later generations.
However, after dealing with each other, Westerners found that people like *** who speak to the point and never drag mud and water are the easiest to deal with.
It is said that Kissinger had dealt with *** during his early visit to China, but it was not pleasant at first, Kissinger called him a "nasty little man", but with the change of Sino-US relations, he soon did not admit it, in 1997 Kissinger was interviewed, in the face of repeated questions from reporters, Kissinger changed his statement and told reporters directly:
"It's not true, he's a great world leader I've ever met. ”
Fig** with ***
However, although the West in 1976 felt anxious, but had unlimited expectations for ***, on January 19, 1976, ** appeared on the cover of Time magazine for the second time, and the content of the article only used two pages to introduce ***, but it took 4 pages to introduce ***.
It really lives up to expectations.
In 1978, after his comeback, he clearly told the West that he was ready to deal with the United States, and Sino-US relations quickly returned to normal.
On July 5, China and the United States began negotiations on the establishment of diplomatic relations, and at first the negotiations were extremely painful
"Visiting Japan has been my wish for many years, but there is another wish to go to Washington ......After the normalization of relations between China and the United States, I can go and meet Marx. ”There was also a major shift in the position of the US side, ** met with US negotiator Woodcock in early December, and Carter, who was the US ** at the time, believed that "the time has come to make a final decision on the establishment of diplomatic relations with China" and invited *** to visit the United States in early January 1979.
On December 25, 1978, ** appeared on the cover of Time magazine for the third time and was selected as the "Person of the Year" of that year.
This is also the first time that he has been selected as the "Person of the Year" by Time magazine.
On January 1, 1979, China and the United States officially established diplomatic relations, and ** appeared on the cover of Time magazine for the fourth time.
On January 29, ** was invited to visit the United States and successfully blew a "Deng whirlwind" in the United States. And on February 5, at the end of his visit to the United States, his fifth appearance was in Time magazine.
U.S. Senator Henry Jackson accompanied *** on the tour, pointing to the cover of Time magazine magazine and smiling at him:
"At that time, I thought you were one of the Red Devil Bosses, and it was impossible to imagine that you could be named Time magazine's 'Person of the Year'. ”
FigIn January 1979, he visited the United States.
Not only for all Chinese, but also for the world.
Although judging from the year 1979, this surprise has yet to be verified by the passage of time.
After many years, Time magazine said frankly:It wasn't a popular candidate for that year's "Person of the Year". Because at this time, *** had just come to power, and China's economy was withering, and it was still a little insignificant in the world.
However, with his steady and pragmatic style, he successfully won the applause votes of Western countries.
But in just a few short years, the face of China has changed dramatically.
Under the wave of reform and opening up, China has implemented a series of reform measures in the fields of economy, culture, science and technology, and education.
In 1979, with the approval of the first province, Fujian and Guangdong provinces in foreign economic activities, the implementation of "special policies, flexible measures", and in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Xiamen, Shantou pilot special economic zone, with the gradual effect, in April 1984, the first approved Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Shanghai, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Zhanjiang, Beihai these 14 port cities. Gradually set up economic and technological development zones.
In September 1980, the Communist Party of China issued the "Several Issues on Further Strengthening and Improving the Responsibility System for Agricultural Production", affirming the socialist nature of the guarantee of production to households. It paved the way for the reform of agricultural production.
Fig** Inscription for Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.
In contrast to the disastrous economic situation of the West in the seventies and eighties, China has broken new ground.
Since 1978, China has entered a period of rapid economic growth.
At that time, the Western world was experiencing the third scientific and technological revolution and enjoyed the dividends brought by high technology and the free market, while China, relying on the reform and opening up policy, not only made up for the lessons pulled down by the "second industrial revolution", but also caught up with the dividend period of the third scientific and technological revolution, and laid a solid foundation in the nuclear energy, aerospace, information technology, and IT industries.
**Think:
"In order for socialism to gain a comparative advantage over capitalism, it must boldly absorb and draw on all the achievements of civilization created by human society, and absorb and draw on all the advanced modes of operation and management methods that reflect the laws of production in modern society in all countries in the world, including the developed capitalist countries. ”Under the mode of high-speed economic development, people's lives have also undergone earth-shaking changesPer capita GDP increased from 385 yuan in 1978 to more than 6,000 yuan in 1998, and in 2013. The per capita GDP of Chinese exceeded 6,000 US dollars, completely leaving the world's low-income group and moving into the upper-middle-income group. By 2020, the per capita GDP of Chinese reached 1$140,000. It is already approaching the threshold of a high-income country.
There is no doubt that it has changed China and changed the world's perception of China.
FigComparison between the past and the present in Shenzhen.
In November 1985, Time magazine in the United States selected the "Person of the Year" in 1985.
Among the nominees are Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Black Bishop Tutu, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate in South Africa, Nelson Mandela, a black leader in South Africa, and Reagan. According to the past practice, the selection of Time Magazine's Person of the Year must be deliberated by the senior editorial meeting of the weekly magazine and receive universal support. These people can be selected and do not receive universal support.
And at this time, the name of ** was proposed.
Coincidentally,At that time, Duncan, the chief foreign correspondent of Time magazine, had just returned from Beijing, so the editorial meeting decided to invite him to speak.
Duncan mainly emphasized four points:
Clause.1. The reform and opening up policy implemented in China is deeply loved by the people, and the living standards of a quarter of the world's population have been improved as a result.
Clause. Second, the improvement in the living standards of a quarter of the world's population can help to maintain a stable situation in the world.
Clause. Third, a radical shift in China's economic policy, if it does work, would mean an alternative to the Soviet model of communism.
Clause. Fourth, this change, both positive and negative, will affect the rest of the world's communist countries and third world countries.
FigFebruary 5, 1979, Cover of Time Magazine in the United States.
The facts listed by Duncan are the greatest progress made by China since its reform and opening up, and based on the facts, Duncan has made detailed reasoning about the far-reaching impact of China's reform on the world. All the senior editors were persuaded at once, so at the editorial meeting, everyone voted unanimously to choose *** as the "Person of the Year" in 1985.
However, the "Person of the Year" selection is not only based on the vote of the senior editor, but also on the approval of the editor-in-chief, Henri Grenwald.
Henry Grünnwald is the editor-in-chief of Time magazine.
On October 23, 1985, Henry Grürnwald led a delegation of American entrepreneurs organized by Time Inc. to visit China.
He had a conversation with Henry Grünnwald and other representatives of American entrepreneurs, which was later included in the third volume of the "Selected Works".
Grünwald asked a particularly interesting question at the time:
"The Communist Party of China has always taught the people to be selfless and serve the people. Now that the economy is reforming, you are educating the people to get rich, and there is a small number of ** corruption and abuse of power, what methods are you going to take to solve these problems? ”In the face of Grünwald's question, ** talk eloquently:
"We solve this problem mainly through two means, one is education and the other is law. These problems cannot be solved overnight, nor can they be solved by a few words from a few people. However, we are confident that our party and our country have the ability to gradually overcome and eventually eliminate these negative phenomena. ”
FigOn October 23, 1985, ** met with a delegation of American entrepreneurs.
Grunwald asked again
Does this phenomenon reflect a latent and difficult contradiction to resolve, that is, the contradiction between the market economy and socialism? ”Shook his head:
"There is no fundamental contradiction between socialism and the market economy. The question is what methods can be used to develop the social productive forces more forcefully. In the past, we have always practiced a planned economy, but practice over the years has proved that, in a certain sense, only practicing a planned economy will constrain the development of productive forces. By integrating the planned economy with the market economy, we will be able to emancipate the productive forces and accelerate economic development. ”And it was in the course of talking with these entrepreneur representatives that ** put forward such a point of view for the first time:
"In some areas, some people can get rich first, and then drive other regions and other people to gradually achieve common prosperity. ”This meeting left a very deep impact on Henry Grünwald, especially when he faced the problem, he talked eloquently and unhurriedly, and seemed to have a rough plan in his heart for what China should be like in the future. Still, Henry Grünnwald was cautious when it came to choosing Time magazine's Person of the Year.
While attending the editorial meeting, Henri Grünnwald asked the editors several questions in succession:
Will the policy fail? ”
The answer was:
The general Chinese people support him, and there may be highs and lows, but it is impossible to go back to the past. ”
Henry Grunwald asked again
What are the signs of the people's support? ”
The answer is: The construction of new houses in rural China is one of the clear proofs of the improvement of people's lives. ”
After listening to all the editors, Henri Grünwald no longer hesitated and immediately decided:
Okay, just use ***. ”
FigOn January 6, 1986, ** once again became Time Magazine's Person of the Year.
On January 6, 1986, in the American "Time" magazine, the portrait of ** appeared again on the cover of the magazine.
It has been 8 years since *** was selected as the "Person of the Year" for the first time.
There is no doubt that it has not only changed China, but also the world.
For the reform and opening up led by ***, almost all foreign scholars or political leaders have given high praise.
Vogel, the author of the book "Time" and a professor at Harvard University in the United States, believes:"Since the Opium War, China's successive leaders and leaders have hoped to lead the Chinese people on the road to rejuvenation, and *** can overcome all difficulties and gradually make China embark on the road of prosperity and strength through policies such as reform and opening up. At the beginning of its reign, China was still a very backward and poor country, but when it retired, China was one of the world's most influential economic powers. ”
"Leading China's reform and opening up is not only a contribution to China, but also of extraordinary significance to the development of the world. ”Fig**
In 1988, when the May issue of the monthly magazine "Le Monde" selected "People of the Year from 1978 to 1988", ** was among them.
Le Monde argues:"** is the most zeitgeist. ”
"The revolution could turn the world's most populous country into an unprecedented prosperity and power in the 21st century. ”Today's development of China seems to confirm such a sentence, relying on the efforts of our predecessors, we are walking on a prosperous road.