February** Dynamic Incentive Program
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there was a popular uprising in Shaanxi and Gansu, Zuo Zongtang led his troops to suppress it, and after a series of battles, he successfully quelled the popular uprising, and some of the people who participated in the popular uprising surrendered to the imperial court. Under Zuo Zongtang's arrangement, these rebels who surrendered to the imperial court were responsible for maintaining law and order in the Shaanxi and Gansu regions, and their descendants were the famous "Northwest Majia Army" in the future.
The Northwest Majia Army is divided into three factions, "Ganma", "Qingma", and "Ningma", among which the second generation leader of "Ganma" Ma Tingxing, at the time of **, had a war with Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army, and Ma Tingxing was defeated and died, and since then "Ganma" has disappeared from history.
"Qingma" and "Ningma" went through a total of three generations, and it was not until the end of the Liberation War that they were officially declared extinct, and "Qingma" was the most powerful in the Northwest Majia Army. The founder of "Qingma" was Ma Haiyan, who was a small leader of the Shaanxi and Gansu people in the late Qing Dynasty, and later surrendered to Zuo Zongtang and became a general of the Qing army in the Shaanxi and Gansu regions.
After Ma Haiyan's death, Ma Qi and Ma Lin brothers inherited Ma Haiyan's troops, and under the development of Ma Qi and the two brothers, the "Qingma" faction was officially established. The second generation of "Qingma" is Ma Bufang and Buqing and others, and the ** of the Red Army's West Route Army is also made by their brothers, of which Ma Bufang is the most famous in the Northwest Ma Family Army.
The third generation of "Qingma" is Ma Jiyuan and Ma Chengxiang and others, when they took power, the Liberation War has broken out, and in the end only the life of being wiped out by the People's Liberation Army.
In 1913, Ma Chengxiang was born in Linxia, Gansu, his mother is Ma Bufang's eldest sister, so Ma Bufang is Ma Chengxiang's second uncle, according to this relationship, Ma Buqing should be Ma Chengxiang's uncle, but he married Ma Buqing's daughter, that is, his own cousin, so Ma Buqing is not only Ma Chengxiang's uncle, but also his father-in-law, this relationship is also strange enough.
When Ma Chengxiang was a teenager, he studied in Kunlun Middle School in Qinghai, and after graduating from middle school, he studied military affairs in the Qinghai Officer Training Corps run by his grandfather Ma Qi.
Ma Bufang treated Ma Chengxiang as his own son, and it didn't take him two years to make him the battalion commander, when Ma Chengxiang was only in his early twenties, and then under Ma Bufang's relationship, Ma Chengxiang obtained a diploma from the 11th phase of the Whampoa Military Academy.
In 1935, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Ma Buqing as the commander of the Fifth Cavalry Army, and the supervisor of Qinghai Qaidam Tunken, Ma Chengxiang followed his father-in-law Ma Buqing to Xining, because the environment there was too difficult, it didn't take long for Ma Buqing to lead his troops back to Wuwei, Gansu.
In 1936, the Red Army's Western Route Army entered Gansu, and Ma Bufang and Ma Buqing of the "Green Horse" led troops to attack the Western Route Army.
After the death of Ma Qi, the first generation of rulers of Qingma, Ma Lin, Ma Biao, Ma Buqing, and Ma Bufang were the most powerful among the "Qingma". In order to gain absolute control of the "green horse", Ma Bufang first used a trick to seize the power of his second uncle Ma Lin, and then after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he sent his cousin Ma Biao to lead the cavalry division to leave Qinghai to participate in the War of Resistance.
In August 1942, Ma Buqing led the Fifth Cavalry Army and stationed it in the suburbs of Xining, when Ma Bufang had handed over his 82nd Army to his only son Ma Jiyuan. Ma Bufang persuaded Ma Buqing, saying that now that they are old, they should not hold the military power in their hands, and it is time to give it to the younger generations, and they will enjoy the happiness of the old generations. After Ma Buqing heard this, he felt that it was also a truth, and saw that Ma Bufang had handed over the position of army commander to Ma Jiyuan, so he gave the position of commander of the Fifth Cavalry Army to Ma Chengxiang, and he was not an outsider anyway.
Ma Buqing's approach has been taken by Ma Bufang, although Ma Bufang gave the position of military commander to his son, he has been commanding behind the scenes. But Ma Buqing gave the position of army commander to Ma Chengxiang, although Ma Buqing is Ma Chengxiang's uncle and father-in-law, but Ma Chengxiang has been a soldier with his second uncle Ma Bufang since he was a child, so Ma Chengxiang and Ma Bufang are closer in terms of emotion. After Ma Chengxiang became the commander of the Fifth Cavalry Army, he listened to Ma Bufang's words very much, which was equivalent to Ma Bufang seizing Ma Buqing's Fifth Cavalry Army in disguise.
At the beginning of 1945, Chiang Kai-shek asked Ma Bufang to send troops into Xinjiang, and it happened that Ma Bufang also wanted to expand his influence to Xinjiang, so he sent Ma Chengxiang to lead the Fifth Cavalry Army into Xinjiang. The officers of the Fifth Cavalry Army are basically of the Hui and Salar ethnic groups, with two brigades, one regiment directly under them, and two companies directly under them, and the total number of troops in the whole army is less than 10,000.
After arriving in Xinjiang, Ma Chengxiang let Han Youwen's Seventh Brigade be stationed in Qitai, Han Rongfu's Sixth Brigade was stationed in Changji, and he led his direct troops to garrison Laomancheng in Dihua. At that time, there were also Tao Zhiyue's troops stationed in Xinjiang, and Ye Cheng and Luo Shuren's troops under Hu Zongnan.
In 1947, Zhang Zhizhong was the highest administrator of the Kuomintang in Xinjiang, and under the mediation of Zhang Zhizhong, Ma Chengxiang married Wang Shilan, who graduated from Dihua Girls' Normal High School, so Ma Chengxiang was very grateful to Zhang Zhizhong.
In June 1947, the troops of Outer Mongolia, with the support of the Soviet Union, launched an attack on the Beitashan area of Xinjiang, and Ma Chengxiang immediately sent Han Youwen to counterattack in Qitai. Han Youwen led his troops, combined with the local Kazakh cavalry, and repelled the troops of Outer Mongolia together.
As the war of liberation became more and more intense, Chiang Kai-shek transferred the troops of Song Xilian, commander of the Xinjiang garrison, and let Tao Zhiyue serve as the commander of the Xinjiang garrison.
At the beginning of 1949, the Kuomintang army was no longer dead, when Tao Zhiyue was in charge of the military in Xinjiang, Bao Erhan was in charge of administration, and the Communist Party members in Xinjiang repeatedly persuaded the two to launch a peaceful uprising in Xinjiang. Tao Zhiyue and Bao Erhan also had plans for a peaceful uprising, but although Tao Zhiyue was the commander of the Xinjiang garrison, he could not control Ma Chengxiang's integrated cavalry division (the scale was the original Fifth Cavalry Army, but the number was changed), and Ye Cheng and Luo Shuren of the 78th Division, Ye Cheng was the division commander, and Luo Shuren was the brigade commander.
In February, Chiang Kai-shek asked Tao Zhiyue to lead a brigade to stay in Xinjiang, and the rest of the troops participated in the civil war. At that time, not only did the Communists persuade Tao Zhiyue to revolt peacefully, but even Zhang Zhizhong sent a letter with him, hoping that he would also participate in the peaceful uprising.
At this time, *** had already led troops to attack Lanzhou, Ma Bufang asked Ma Chengxiang to lead his troops back to Lanzhou, but Tao Zhiyue did not return to Lanzhou with Ma Chengxiang's troops on the grounds of lack of military pay and transportation, and soon after, the People's Liberation Army captured Lanzhou.
In September 1948, after the People's Liberation Army captured Lanzhou and Xining, Ma Chengxiang, Ye Cheng, and Luo Shuren became suspicious of Tao Zhiyue, thinking that Tao Zhiyue was ** by Liu Mengchun, Qu Wu and others around them, so they decided to get rid of Liu Mengchun, Qu Wu and others.
On September 19, after Tao Zhiyue heard that a "mutiny" was about to take place, he knew that among Ma Chengxiang, Ye Cheng, and Luo Shuren, Ma Chengxiang was the most radical, and as long as Ma Chengxiang was convinced, the other two would give up. Tao Zhiyue took the initiative to come to Ma Chengxiang's headquarters and explained the current situation, Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai have been liberated, Ma Bufang has fled the mainland with his family, and it is useless for Ma Chengxiang to resist.
Because Ma Chengxiang is a Hui nationality, he listened to the words of the big imam, so Bao Erhan asked *** to persuade Ma Chengxiang, and finally Ma Chengxiang, Ye Cheng, and Luo Shuren decided to leave Xinjiang, and before they were in other Xinjiang, Tao Zhiyue invited three people.
The day before the peaceful uprising in Xinjiang, Ma Chengxiang, Ye Cheng, Luo Shuren and others left Dihua and fled to India through southern Xinjiang and then to Egypt.
In August 1950, Ma Chengxiang came to Taiwan.
In 1952, Ma Chengxiang served as an alternate member of the 7th ** Kuomintang Kuomintang.
In 1956, Ma Chengxiang served as the deputy commander of Penghu's defense.
In 1969, Ma Chengxiang retired from the army.
In 1989, Ma Chengxiang's wife, Wang Shilan, returned to Xinjiang from the United States to visit relatives, but Ma Chengxiang was not in good health, so he did not follow.
In 1991, Ma Chengxiang died of illness in Taipei.