Many people may not know that the well-known broadcast gymnastics, Baduanjin, including the eight vajra gongs, the 12 potentials of the Yijin Jing and other breathing guides**, are all derived from the "Yijin Jing". Shaolin boxing and Wudang boxing also have an indissoluble relationship with the "Yijin Sutra".
01 Where did "Yijin Sutra" come from?
Let's first travel to ancient India, which has become history, that is, the country of Tianzhu. In Nantianzhu, there is a Xiangzhi country, and the king has three sons. Among them, the third prince Bodhidora has been compassionate since he was a child and does not love Hongchen.
One day, the great virtue of Tianzhu Zen Buddhism, the 27 ancestors of Prajna Dora, traveled to the incense to the high mountain outside the national city. Looking at the colorful auspicious clouds above the country, smiling and muttering: I finally found you.
Porrodoro is a well-known monk in ancient India. However, I only heard his name, but I did not see him. For the sudden visit of Porrodoro, King Xiangzhi gave the highest courtesy and offered it the treasure of the town, the Night Pearl. Borodoro has no intention of things, and among everyone, he knew the third prince Bodhidoro at a glance, and the two hit it off at first sight. It turned out that the purpose of Borodoro's transformation was to find the heirs of the mantle in the dark.
Since then, the two have been inseparable, and Bodh Dora has been practicing the Tao for more than 50 years, and they are like father and son. One day, in his old age and dying, Borodoro took Bodhidara's hand and said: Tianzhu will be extinguished, the Dharma will not exist, and it will rise again in the country of Aurora, and you will be the propagator of the Dharma.
After the death of Borodara, Bodhidhara inherited his mantle and became the 28th ancestor of Tianzhu Zen Buddhism. At the request of the Venerable Master, Bodhidhara wandered on the sea for 3 years and came to the Aurora Kingdom to preach the Dharma.
Aurora, i.e. China. Bodhidharma, that is, the Bodhidharma Patriarch.
Bodhidharma landed in Guangzhou and preached the Dharma in Guangxiao Temple. At this time, China was in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and Emperor Wu of Liang invited Bodhidharma to the national capital Jinling (Nanjing) to preach the Dharma with the gift of a national teacher. Helpless, Bodhidharma has been out of red dust, a few days later, step on a reed, cross the river to the north, through Luoyang Yongning Temple to rest, settled on Feng Song Mountain.
When Bodhidharma preached the Dharma in Guangzhou and Nanjing, a small novice silently followed. One day, Bodhidharma walked out of Changlu Temple, paced to the riverside, and begged an old woman to cut reeds and give a reed grass. That is, stepping on the reeds, raising the head and chest, chanting the Buddha's name, and crossing the river. All of this was clearly seen by the little novice who was quietly following.
I saw Bodhidharma crossing the river. The little novice hurriedly ran to the river, grabbed the reeds that the old woman had bundled, threw them into the river, and imitated Bodhidharma crossing the river. I didn't think about it, and immediately sank to the bottom of the water. After going ashore, the little novice complained to the old woman: The old monk in front of me, I can cross the river with a reed, why can't a bundle of reeds carry me?
The old woman replied with a smile: He is a caraver, you are robbing. After speaking, he floated away on the auspicious clouds. The little novice suddenly realized that this was the Buddha's teaching. This little novice is called Shenguang, that is, the second ancestor Hui Ke, the successor of the mantle of the Bodhidharma Patriarch.
The Buddha showed that Hui Ke was more determined to follow the heart of the Bodhidharma Patriarch. tried every possible way to find Bodhidharma in Dengfeng Songshan and begged to accept him as a disciple. Bodhidharma said: Unless it rains red snow. The next night, heavy snow fell in the sky, the divine light drew a knife and broke the arm, the blood and the snow were compatible, reflecting half of the sky, Bodhidharma was deeply moved, that is, the divine light was accepted as a disciple, and the name was given to Hui Ke.
Bodhidharma in Songshan face wall for nine years, after the establishment of Chinese Zen Buddhism, Bodhidharma is the first ancestor, Songshan Shaolin Temple is the ancestral court of Zen Buddhism. During this period, Hui Ke was inseparable, serving Bodhidharma and realizing Buddhism.
In addition to the founding of Chinese Zen Buddhism, Patriarch Bodhidharma integrated ancient Indian yoga with the play of the five birds, the guidance of the spit, and the doctrine of viscera meridians, and compiled the "Washing the Marrow Sutra" and "Yijin Sutra". After the Bodhidharma patriarch left the customs, he traveled to Shandong and awarded two classics to Hui Ke.
02 The legend of "Yijin Jing".
Before the death of the Bodhidharma patriarch, he had taught Hui Ke the method of easy tendons. Hui Ke stored the "Yijin Sutra" in an iron box, sealed it with wax, and hid it on the wall of the temple. With the "Washing the Marrow Sutra", I searched for my colleagues and realized the method of washing the marrow.
In the pen of Mr. Jin Yong, Hui Ke met Li Jing by chance in Chang'an and took him as a friend. The two of them participated in the enlightenment for 3 days and 3 nights, and then realized the "Yijin Sutra". Literary descriptions originate from life, but must be higher than life. It's all about "reference news".
According to the literature, Hui can pass on Seng Can, Daoxin, Hongren, and Huineng. This is the origin of the famous, the five ancestors of Aurora and one flower and five leaves. Therefore, the "Washing the Marrow Sutra" and the "Yijin Sutra" have been passed down from generation to generation in Shaolin Temple, and innovation and development should be the official history.
However, Li Jing, the god of war of the Tang Dynasty, is indeed a master of the "Yijin Sutra".
Li Jing, an outstanding military strategist in the early Tang Dynasty. The prototype of Tota Li Heavenly King in "Journey to the West". Also known as Li Yaoshi, a native of Sanyuan County, Shaanxi. At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, with the Qin King Li Shimin in the south and the north, outstanding achievements, worship the right servant of the Shangshu shooting, the title of the Duke of Weiguo, known as "Li Wei Gong". He wrote works on the art of war such as "The Mirror of the Six Armies" and "The Art of War", which had a great influence on later generations. According to Li Jing's own account, his teacher was Qiu Ke, and Qiu studied under Xu Hongke.
The synopsis of Li Jing's own narrative is as follows:
Shaolin temple monks, in the Dharma mound found a fire paint sealed iron box, after the hot melt method opened, "Washing the marrow Sutra" and "Yijin Sutra" reappeared in the day, have according to the map and practice. A monk of the temple believes that the classics passed on by Bodhidharma are by no means small skills of carving insects. In the face of the ancient Indian characters like heavenly books, he was at a loss, so he traveled to famous mountains and ancient temples to find translators. The hard work paid off, and he finally met the ancient Indian monk Paramita in Mount Emei, Sichuan.
Palamiti was an ancient Indian monk who went to China to preach the Dharma during the Sui and Tang dynasties and brought the Lengyan Sutra to China. At that time, ancient India forbade the appearance of Buddhist scriptures, and violators were punished with death. The Palamita cut the **, hid the scriptures under the skin, and brought the scriptures into China.
In the Buddhist scriptures, the Lengyan Sutra is of great significance. "The Law Destroys the Exhaustion Sutra" says: In the era of the end of the law, the "Lengyan Sutra" was extinguished first, and the rest of the scriptures were destroyed. If it is strict and indestructible, the Fa-rectification will appear. It can be seen that the inheritance and development of Chinese Buddhist culture can be compared with Bodhidharma.
The monks of the temple and the Buddha have been together for 300 days, practicing and translating the "Yijin Sutra" together, and they are attaining the solid ground of Vajra, and the realm of great light and great circle. Since then, the two have traveled to the Buddha Land of Xianshan together, met Xu Hongke by chance, and passed on the "Yijin Sutra". Xu Hongke passed on the bearded guest and Li Jing again.
There is not a lot of historical information about Xu Hongke, and he is only known to be a person in the Daomen. The bearded guest and Li Jing are famous, the second of the three heroes in the dust. The other is the Red Buddha.
Bearded guest, named Zhang Zhongjian, a native of the late Sui Dynasty, red-haired like Qiu, self-named "bearded guest", the son of Zhang Jiling, the richest man in Yangzhou. After he was born, he was ugly, and his father wanted to kill him. After Kunlun Numol rescued, the two were like father and son.
Kunlun Nu. It was prevalent in the early Tang Dynasty, and came from the Nanyang area, and was a servant who was strong, mild-tempered, and loyal to his master. In addition, it refers specifically to the early Tang Dynasty, a chivalrous warrior who was both civil and military, and had excellent martial arts. The ** of the bearded guest, or the father-in-law is Moller.
After Qiu's art became successful, he wanted to fight for the world, but after seeing Li Shimin, he was ashamed of himself and decided that the world would belong to Li Shimin. After admiring Hongfu, after knowing that Hongfu married Li Jing, the three became brothers and sisters, and after gifting the family property to Li Jing and his wife, they quietly left.
After that, the bearded guest soldiers destroyed the Yuguo Kingdom and established themselves as emperors. Buyeo, i.e. the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. Du Guangting's "Biography of the Bearded Guest" recorded: Jing knew that the bearded guest had succeeded, returned to the red whisk, and poured wine to congratulate him.
The stories of the Three Heroes of the Wind and Dust, written by the literati, are all eloquent, lifelike, singing and crying, and full of positive energy. I will not repeat it because of the subject matter. Zhennai, a copy of "Yijin Jing", half of the history of the Sui and Tang dynasties. The 500-year foundation of the Tang Dynasty, the rule of literature and martial arts, the world, although it is a sinking hook, should be taken from history as a mirror, and history as a mirror.
Straight to the point. During the Southern Song Dynasty, "Yijin Jing" was a compulsory course for Yue's army. According to Niu Gao, the commander-in-chief of the left route army of Yue's army, he found him in the camp and begged to send a letter to Marshal Yue. After Yue Fei got the letter, he burst into tears and said, "My master, you are really a master of Buddhism. When you go to the barracks today, and you don't see me, it's because I'm going to have a great calamity! ”
It turned out that the monk was a Shaolin monk and Yue Fei's teacher. In his early years, he predicted Yue Fei's calamity and persuaded him to escape into the empty gate to avoid disasters. Helpless, Yue Fei has the ambition of Anbang. The number of Guanyue flying qi is coming, and the catastrophe is coming. The master came to the barracks in person and wrote a letter of resignation, hoping that Yue Fei would wake up immediately and enter the Buddha Gate to avoid trouble.
The final ending of Yue Fei and Niu Gao is a sad story that future generations are unwilling to face. Zhennai: Why complain about the prisoners, heroes are difficult to grow old since ancient times, and the safety of the society is not rewarded. The social love is unlimited, the dream of the country is traced, and the vertical son is in tears at the end of his fame.
Sorry, digress again.
Studying the "Yijin Sutra", the people who are going to talk about it below will never be able to avoid it.
Zhou Shuguan, a scholar of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, is a native of Bashu, Sichuan. His self-report: before the age of 10, he had a stomach ulcer and did not eat tea and rice; Alcohol addiction after the age of 10; 19-year-old tobacco addiction; The 30-year-old is described as artemisia, intolerant to medicine, worse than life and death, like the walking dead. In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), he met a noble man in Ziyang Huitong Temple, and Jingyi Wukong Zen Master of Shaolin Temple. Zhou's diligent cultivation of the marrow and easy tendons for 100 days, the essence of the essence, and the body became healthy.
Parting, Jingyi Wukong handed over the 12 volumes of "Gain Easy Tendon and Wash the Inner Strength of the Pulp", and instructed him: This book is the true biography of the Bodhidharma Patriarch, and the 18 tributaries of Buddhism cannot be compared with it. Persisting in practicing gong can prove the Buddhahood. You are a literati, and when you have learned something, you can enrich the theory and popularize it widely, and you must not bury it secretly. Hope and caution.
Later, Zhou did not disgrace his teacher's order and translated the "Diagram of Gaining Easy Tendon and Washing the Inner Pulp" into vernacular, and supported it with medical knowledge. It was named "The Diagram of Increasing the Strength of the Easy Muscle and Washing the Pulp". His protégés, Zhang Yao and Zhou's son, printed the book. So far, Bodhidharma's "Yijin Sutra" and "Washing the Marrow Sutra" have entered the homes of ordinary people.
According to Zhou Shuguan's research, since Bodhidharma created and compiled the "Yijin Sutra" and "Washing the Pulp Sutra", Hui Ke, Seng Can, Daoxin, Hongren, Huineng, Panra Midi, Li Jing, Yue Shaobao, Jingyi Wukong and a group of lay practitioners have made outstanding contributions to the inheritance and development of the "Yijin Sutra".
03 What does "Yijin Jing" say?
The "Yijin Sutra" and the "Washing the Marrow Sutra" are the principles of the Bodhidharma Patriarch according to the common principles of interpretation, Taoism and Confucianism, and the ancient Indian yoga, the play of the five birds, the meridian theory, and the Yi Li. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, Zhang Sanfeng studied martial arts in the early and late Shaolin periods, integrated the "Yijin Washing Marrow Sutra" with Taoist boxing, and established the Wudang boxing system. Shaolin boxing, on the other hand, is directly based on the framework of "Yijin Washing the Marrow Sutra". Therefore, Bodhidharma's "Yijin Washing the Marrow Sutra" has the reputation of "Chinese traditional martial art Taishan Beidou". The well-known broadcast gymnastics, Baduanjin, including the eight Vajra Gong, the 12 potentials of the Yijin Sutra, etc., are all selected from the "Yijin Sutra".
Washing the marrow refers to purifying the mind and reshaping the spirit, the object of cultivation is essence, qi and spirit, and the cultivation method is Jinggong; Yi tendon refers to strengthening one's external body, and the targeted tissues of cultivation are tendons, bones, and flesh, and the method is to guide and vomit. It is easy to practice and wash the marrow alone, and only refine the easy tendons to be strong outside, and the easy tendons to wash the marrow, complement each other and each other as their roots.
Buddhist monk meditating in meditation pose
Yi means to change, to change. The transformation of all things in nature, such as yin and yang, void and reality, movement and stillness, rigidity and softness, blessing and misfortune, male and female, etc., are all caused by the power of Yi, which makes the universe evolve. Tendons refer to the human body bonds, body pillars, outside the joints, within the muscles, all over the body, nourishing the blood veins. The process of changing tendons, that is, the harmony of yin and yang, the process of interaction of spirit and energy.
If the muscles are strong, the muscles are strong, the muscles are healthy, the muscles are strong, and the muscles are strong, and the muscles are soft. Affected by natural factors, the tendons will be relaxed, shaky, disordered, weak, and contracted, resulting in disease, emaciation, deformity, weakness, and even death. Easy tendons are the foundation of adjustment and recovery, so that the trembling tendons are easy to be relaxed; Weak tendons are easy to become strong; Loose tendons are easy to soften; The flexed tendon is easy to elongate; Disordered tendons are easy to become strong. Make the limbs harmonious and sharp, rigid and soft, light and healthy.
Bodhidharma's "Yijin Sutra" is the first of scientific fitness, with a complete system and remarkable results. Includes:
12 body pictures said. That is, 12 asanas and 234 movements. Yijin Jing 12 potentials, eight duanjin, eight vajra gong, broadcast gymnastics are all selected here.
Nei Zhuang said bravely. Includes:
months of different ** methods and equipment use;
2. The lower part of the exercise, that is, the Shaolin iron crotch gong;
3. Eight sections of external strength and divine power;
4. Refining arms, arms, hands, fingers, one-finger Zen, iron sand palms, etc. originate from this.
Eight sections of brocade of inner strength.
24 postures and breathing techniques. Namely:
1. Hold the press. That is, one or both hands up or down;
2. Push and pull. push, that is, with one hand or both hands, from the left, right, front, back, from the inside to the outside; Redeem, on the contrary, from the outside to the inside;
3. Start. up, that is, squatting and standing up; pause, that is, the group shrinks and sinks;
4. Drain down. row, i.e. the hands are separated to the sides; Fall to the ground, fall to the ground; or there is a sense of lodging;
5. Grip. , that is, the state of holding things; grasping, that is, clenching; The former is the form, the latter is the force;
6. Hug. Lifting, that is, lifting with one or both hands, from the bottom up, but not the belly; Hug, that is, return the cage with both hands in front of the chest and abdomen;
7. Twists and turns. That is, the body moves in a circular motion in a forward or reverse direction;
8. Rotate. i.e. a rapid rotation of the body to the left or right;
9. Twisting. That is, the legs do not move, the body swings left and right, or the golden rooster is independent, swaying left and right;
10. Tipping over. i.e. falling on the back;
11. Flexion and extension. flexion, i.e., contraction of the body; Stretching, refers to the opening of the limbs;
12. Pitching. prostrate, that is, leaning downward; Tilt your fingers back;
13. Suppression. Suppression, i.e., pressure with the arm; Tilt, refers to the arm spread;
14. Straightening. bending, for the body to bend; If it is straight, the body is upright;
15. Splitting and closing. Refers to the hand, eye, and body steps, and walks in separate directions or converges in one place; It also refers to the four slightly qi or the qi sinking dantian;
16. a bending ring. bent, refers to the shape of the body like a bow; ring, refers to the circular trajectory of motion;
17. Obedience and disobedience. It refers to the operation of true qi, which is smooth and descends forward; inverse, then the latter rises;
18, up and down. Shape, movement, and breathing are all up and down;
19. Intricate. refers to the process of action or true qi operation, the exchange of yin and yang;
20. Reciprocity. refers to movements and breathing, and must abide by the law of yin and yang exchange;
21. Lifting. the method of guiding the operation of true qi;
22. Breathing. Refers to the method of breathing during movement;
23. Momentum. Refers to the condition of respiratory exhalation;
24. Degree teaching. refers to the degree of diligence, the effectiveness and the efficacy; the trajectory of true qi, timing, growth and decline of yin and yang; The use of efficacy, such as the use of waste and retreat.
The above-mentioned posture and breathing methods are closely coordinated with the 12 body diagrams, the inner strong spirit and courage diagrams, and the palm fingers of the hands.
04 How to practice the Yijin Sutra
10,000 words are omitted here (please refer to the author's previous series of articles).