Preface
In everyone's heart, there will always be some spiritual monuments, they don't seem to belong to this world, but they have never left. There is also a class of fetish-obsessed people in the world, and there is no way to send it to the world. The ancients said: People have no habits, and they can't make friends. But people with fetishes tend to disdain worldly interactions, and they are lonely, born but peaceful. Mr. Zhang Boju is the most transcendent and outstanding special one, like a man among the gods, looking up to the mountains.
It's a real celebrity who is self-effacing. Someone once described Zhang Boju as follows: "The face is fair, the figure is long, standing alone, calm as water, light as a cloud, and there is not a trace of fireworks." Some people have also evaluated him by the standards of traditional literati: the preciousness of peonies, the seclusion of chrysanthemums, and the gentleman of lotus.
The degree of love and obsession with the collection is far from comparable to that of ordinary collectors; His open-mindedness towards collections, wealth, status and life is a rare detachment in the world. In the process of editing this article, I suggested to the author Xiao Tang: the focus of the pen and ink should be on showing the deeds of the collector, because Zhang Boju's life is far more vivid than the cultural relics he once collected and donated; His personality and morality are the most important treasures left to future generations, the true supreme treasure of this nation. And young people may not realize that this person's life and choices, behind the scenery is unusually lonely and lonely, it is impossible for him to finish this road alone, don't forget the person around him - Pan Su. If someone else has written it before, it doesn't matter, let's copy it again with a respectful heart. Because it's worth it.
One day a few years ago, I accidentally saw that Kuang Shi actually had some scholarly porcelain miscellaneous shooting, and I wondered that this had never been their specialty. But when I saw a simple Tang Dynasty tea glazed porcelain bowl engraved with four willow characters: ".Cong Bi Mountain HouseThis is a distant but thunderous imprint, which comes from the name of Zhang Boju, the first collector in the world in the past. This is a batch of old collections of the original railway commander Zhang Yunshan's family, including several pieces of Zhang Boju's study during his lifetime, and it is also the only one to see in the auction market over the years. I did the first commission, I thought that the auction house specializing in calligraphy and painting would not have peers who played porcelain, and the auction started at 30,000. It's almost 200,000, but there is still one in the field who is dying, but I am determined to get it, because I know that I will never be able to buy "Pingfu Post", and if I miss it, I am afraid that I will end up with Mr. Zhang. In the end, I got my wish, but I still can't help but complain, who is blindly raising the bar?! The young lady on the other end smiled: "Who should he blame for raising the bar!" It was Mr. Wang Gang who grabbed you just now. "I don't know why he, Mr. Wang, wants to fight for this thing, and I don't understand why he didn't fight to the end. Or is it because of their different collection concepts, the amount of weight is also different?
Today, those secret books donated by the Zhang family and circulated for thousands of years are still shining in the Forbidden City, and the loved, infatuated and affectionate man is no longer there. As Zhang Yihe said: "Uncle is like a lamp, only to find out how bright it turned out when it was extinguished." ”
I had planned to use this as a guide to write an article by Mr. Zhang Boju. But now Xiaotang has made this article, specially changed the preface, and also expressed gratitude and admirationLook at the lotus purity, only then do you know that you will not stain your heart.
Mr. Zhang, Ms. Pan, and his wife are eternal.
Qiushuitang Wan Bin paused.
Portrait of Mr. Zhang Boju.
Zhang Boju(1898-1982), formerly known as Zhang Jiaqi, the word Congbi, a native of Xiangcheng, Henan, because of the collection of the Sui Dynasty Zhanziqian's "You Chun Tu" volume, the Tang Dynasty Du Mu's "Zhang Haohao Poems" volume, so nicknamed You Chun Master, Mr. Hao. During his lifetime, his main collection was recorded in the self-written "Cong Bi Calligraphy and Painting Record". Together with Zhang Xueliang, Yuan Kewen, and Pu Dong, he is known as the "Fourth Son", the first largest collector. Mr. Zhang Boju is a cultural wonder who is a collection connoisseur, calligrapher and painter, poeticist, and researcher of Peking Opera art.
Zhang Boju's "Cong Bi Calligraphy and Painting Record".
Mr. Zhang Boju was born in a family of big bureaucrats, a scholarly family, he received the influence of traditional Chinese culture since he was a child, and he was mixed in the officialdom when he became an adult, but because he was not used to the ugly face of the upper-class people who were subservient and deceitful to the common people, he decided to leave the army. However, the family made an initiative to arrange a managing director of the Salt Industry Bank for Mr. Zhang Boju hated the businessman's calculations, and had no interest in business, and the greatest pleasure was to study classical culture and art, appreciate famous paintings and ink treasures, and became a "loser" in the eyes of his parents, and also achieved a generation of celebrities who were transcendent and established in the world. Among the "* Four Sons", he is the only one who has no other vices, and he is dedicated to art and learning, moral articles, and finally achieves positive results and has a noble reputation.
In 1927, Zhang Boju had just handed over the year. Once went to the Salt Industry Bank along the West River in Beijing to do business, but he turned into the antique calligraphy and painting stalls and shops of Liulichang halfway through. Attracted by a willow style, delicate and solemn Kangxi Emperor's imperial pen plaque calligraphy work "Cong Bi Mountain House", although he has not yet started the collection, but the old learning foundation is good, and finally spent 1,000 yuan to buy it. The more Zhang Boju looked at it, the more he loved it, so he changed his expression to "Cong Bi", and named the house in Gongxian Hutong "Cong Bi Mountain House". Since then, he has embarked on an incomparably brilliant collecting career. He himself once said: "I began to learn calligraphy at the age of 30, poetry at the age of 30, collection of famous paintings and calligraphy at the age of 30, and Peking Opera at the age of 31. ”
In the 30s of the last century, Zhang Boju was photographed in the apartment of "Congbi Mountain House".
It is a pity that in Zhang's posthumous works, this collection of his enlightenment - Kangxi's imperial inscription "Cong Bi Mountain House", although it left research and text descriptions, but did not leave a pattern and reveal its whereabouts, his personal calligraphy and painting other than the study room toys and other personal things have never been recorded, decades later, but appeared in a former military and political dignitaries' family relics, which may be unspeakably hidden. However, Kuang Shi's old Tang Dynasty tea glazed bowl from Zhang Boju's old collection has left the imprint of this work, from which we may be able to get a glimpse of its appearance.
Zhang Boju's old collection, Tang Dynasty, tea glazed bowl, Zhang Yunshan's collection, is now stored in Qiushuitang
Collecting, at first, was just a hobby for him. But later, with the study and cognition of ancient paintings and calligraphy, he found his life value and lofty goal, and devoted the rest of his life to it. In the turbulent era of the late Qing Dynasty, countless national treasure-level calligraphy and painting were scattered out of the old court and lost abroad.
Zhang Boju has successively collected the Western Jin Dynasty Lu Ji's "Pingfu Post", Sui Zhanziqian's "Spring Tour", Tang Libai's "Balcony Post", Du Mu's "Zhang Haohao Poem Scroll", Song Huang Tingjian's "Zhu Shangzao Post", Zhao Ji's "Snow River Returning to the Di Picture Scroll", Fan Zhongyan's "Praise of Taoist Costumes", Yuan Qianxuan's "Mountain Dwelling Picture Scroll" and other famous works with a prominent position in art history. There are as many as 118 pieces of the top Chinese paintings and calligraphy in his collection of famous paintings and calligraphy in his book "Cong Bi Calligraphy and Painting Records", which is known as "the first collection in the world". Zhang Boju in the book's frontispiece from the preface: "Yu life is chaotic, hate to read less, after 30 years of calligraphy and painting addiction, see the famous monument of the masterpiece although the use of debt still to collect, people may have a smile, do not regret." Over the years, it is impressive, and every time it is in the open window, it is self-explanatory. "It's a true reflection of a collector's temperament.
Zhang Boju's collection of paintings and calligraphy is so successful, and it is indispensable for the understanding and support of one person, that is, his wife who has accompanied him throughout his lifePansu（1915—1992）。Pan Su was born in the family of the eunuch, learned music and rhythm since childhood, learned painting, and played the piano well. By chance, 38-year-old Zhang Boju and 20-year-old Pan Su fell in love at first sight and broke through difficulties and obstacles. Since then, the two have been singing and following their wives, starting a period of "Guan Zhao Romance" and achieving each other. Pan Su's favorite is the words that Zhang Boju wrote for her painting "Su Xinlan": "Yu Huai Miao or Qingfen, holding the fragrance alone and not smelling it." Don't forget to be a road ring, and the plain heart flower is to the plain heart. ”
Pan Su old photos Zhang Boju's calligraphy attainments are quite profound, the style is its own school, with the pen elegant, such as the spring silkworm spinning silk, known as the "bird feather body", but also the author of the book "Chinese calligraphy". He himself is also good at calligraphy, "before the age of 40 to learn the right army seventeen stickers, after the age of 40 to learn Zhong Taifu Kaishu", but also through the famous masters, melt the truth, grass, li, seal, in a furnace, in the later years of the style of great changes, and finally formed their own unique artistic style. He once said to himself: If outsiders don't know the process of his mental change, 200 years later, it is estimated that future generations will see his handwriting before the age of 50, and they will definitely think it is a forgery.
After marriage, Zhang Boju discovered Pan Su's painting talent, helped her introduce her master, and the two often worked together to study the ancient masterpieces collected at home, Pan Su absorbed a lot of nutrients from ancient paintings, and his paintings improved rapidly. Over time, she became the leading green landscape painter at that time.
Zhang Boju's "bird feather body" calligraphy couplet.
Pan Su, green landscape, "Green Mountains and Red Pines".
Zhang Boju Pan Su took a group photo in his later years.
*The White Picture of the Night, Tang Hangan, which was exiled to the United States, is now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum
Western Jin Dynasty Lu Ji "Pingfu Post".
In 1936, when Pu Ru (Pu Xinji) resold Han Gan's "White Picture in the Night" of the Tang Dynasty to Ye Shuzhong, an antique dealer in Shanghai, Mr. Zhang Boju was deeply afraid that this famous painting would be resold to the mainland, and hurriedly contacted Song Zheyuan, who was in charge at the time, to prevent him from leaving the country, but it was too late, and he was saddened to see the national treasure left behind. Western Jin Dynasty Lu Ji "Pingfu paste", known as the first post in China, 1700 years ago, is the earliest ink of the ancients in China, Mr. Zhang has seen in a painting and calligraphy exhibition, but also hidden in Prince Gong's grandson Pu Confucianism. Because he was worried about repeating the mistake of "Illuminating the Night White Map", he immediately asked the middleman to negotiate with Pu Ru, do not lose foreign countries and ask for concessions, but Pu Ru opened his mouth to ask for 200,000 yuan, so he could only give up. Later, Mr. Zhang learned that Pu Ru's mother had passed away and was preparing for the payment, so he asked someone to negotiate on his behalf, and finally purchased the "Pingfu Post" for 40,000 yuan, for which Mr. Zhang was overjoyed and glad that the national treasure was able to stay in the motherland. Later, when the war broke out, he sewed "Pingfu Sticker" into the quilt without leaving his body, which shows that Mr. Zhang cherishes this ink treasure.
In June 1941, not long after Zhang Boju got the post, there was a kidnapping case in Shanghai, and the kidnappers with a spy background came to his collection, but Zhang replied that his wife must not give the collection. Zhang Ning died without compliment, and after grinding for 8 months, the kidnappers had to compromise and release him. Pan Su finally sold his jewelry and raised a ransom of 40 gold bars to save him, Zhang was moved and said: When you married me, my family was already in the middle of the road, you spared no money to save me, and part of the calligraphy and painting will belong to you in the future. There is a fetish intention, but the critical moment is often just an empty word, Pan Su never imagined that a few years later, Zhang Youyou almost went bankrupt for a painting - You Chun Tu.
Sui Zhanziqian, "Spring Tour".
In the 40s of the last century, with the economic decline of the Manchu royal family, many old Qing palace paintings and calligraphy appeared on the market one after another, and many famous relics fell into the hands of antique dealers. One of the oldest surviving paintings of the ancients is the Sui Dynasty Zhanziqian's "Spring Tour", which was smuggled out of the palace by the last emperor Puyi and has been in exile since then. Mr. Zhang Boju inquired around, and learned that this painting had been purchased by eight connoisseurs such as Beijing Liulichang Yuchi Shanfang Ma Jichuan and was waiting to be sold. Zhang immediately reported to the authorities, suggested the Palace Museum**, and said that if the funds were insufficient, he would be willing to help his own ancestors. However, the Forbidden City did not have the funds to organize this matter.
Zhang Boju was afraid that this painting would repeat the mistake of "White Picture in the Night" and lose overseas, so he immediately contacted Ma Jichuan, and the other party asked for 800 taels**. But when he learned that Ma was going to sell "You Chun Tu" abroad for $20,000, he was anxious and begged to sell it to himself at a reduced price. Zhang has a good reputation in the collecting world and is admired by everyone. Now out of patriotism again, the antique dealers are moved and are willing to reduce the price to 220 taels**. However, in the past ten years, Zhang Boju has repeatedly purchased famous works of the Song and Yuan dynasties, most of his assets have been exhausted, and his daily life is poor. In desperation, he could only sell the house and a piece of land in his hometown to scrape together enough money. Mr. had to endure the pain of cutting his love, and raised **240 taels of the bowstring alley courtyard that he originally purchased from Li Lianying (Ma raised the price by 20 taels under the pretext that the gold was not good), and finally exchanged it for "You Chun Tu", a national treasure-level famous painting to avoid being lost.
On the eve of the liberation of Beiping, the Kuomintang hoped to bring all those who had status, influence, and talent to Taiwan, but Zhang Boju flatly refused. The sound of artillery from outside the city made Zhang Boju restless, not only for the safety of his family, but also for the people in the city and the cultural relics that could be seen everywhere in the thousand-year-old capital.
At this turning point in history, as a democrat and a collector of cultural relics, as a socialite, and with the background of two generations having a deep relationship with the Northwest Army, he actively promoted the peaceful liberation of Beiping in various ways. General Fu Zuoyi, who is a soldier in the northwest, also knows that his father is an upright literati and has always respected him. On behalf of the Democratic League, Zhang Boju repeatedly persuaded General Fu Zuoyi to judge the situation and put the overall situation first, protect the people, cultural relics, and ancient buildings in Beiping, and refrain from fighting. In order to lobby, Zhang Boju also reluctantly cut his love and sent the two largest pots of beloved wax plums in the family to Fu's mansion.
Peking was liberated peacefully, and an old friend persuaded him to ask for merit and officials, and he said lightly: "I still paint my paintings, I don't want officials, and I don't want money." ”
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Zhang Boju's enthusiasm for collecting cultural relics has not diminished in the slightest. However, at this time, the cultural relics market has undergone earth-shaking changes, and money alone is far from enough, and status and power play a more important role.
Once, Zhang Boju fell in love with an ancient painting, and the seller asked for a lot of money. But he is no longer the "Zhang Gongzi" at that time or does not hold the most important position, his director of the Beijing Chess Art Society, the director of the Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association, the cultural and educational committee of the headquarters of the China Democratic League, etc., have no power or money, and they are all vain. As for the actual economic situation and the needs of future life, Pan Su hesitated and did not agree. Zhang Boju couldn't get up, so he simply lay down on the ground and played tricks, let him be coaxed, and refused to get up. Pan Sushi couldn't do anything about him, he was distressed, so he could only take out his jewelry and exchange it for money to buy paintings, and the matter was over.
In 1956, Zhang Boju's family moved to a small courtyard along the south side of Houhai, which was their last bit of real estate. However, since the beginning of this year, Zhang Boju and his wife have successively donated 21 pieces of national treasure-level calligraphy and painting masterpieces, including "You Chun Tu", which have been collected for 30 years, to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. In 1965, Zhang Boju donated more than 30 pieces of "Hundred Flowers" and other ancient paintings and calligraphy to the Jilin Provincial Museum. The collections such as Lu Ji's "Pingfu Post", Zhan Ziqian's "Spring Tour", Du Mu's "Zhang Haohao's Poems", Fan Zhongyan's "Praise of Taoist Costumes" and Huang Tingjian's "Zhu Zhu Zhu Ti" are still treasures of the Palace Museum. In addition, the donated Song Caixiang's "Self-written Poetry Book", Zhao Ji's "Snow River Returns to the Di Picture Scroll", Song Zhao Boxiao's "Xianqiao Baiyun Map", Yuan Zhao Mengfu's "Thousand Character Text", Ming and Tang Yin's "Mengshu Official Envoy Map", Tang Dynasty's scripture "Great Prajnaparamita Sutra", and Wei's "Dunhuang Taishou Cangci Sutra" during the Three Kingdoms period are also supreme treasures.
The state once rewarded him with 30,000 yuan for this, but Zhang Boju insisted on not accepting it, saying that it was a free donation and that he could not take the money, for fear of being suspected of "selling paintings". Later, after Zheng Zhenduo was repeatedly persuaded that this was not the money for selling paintings, but only a reward from the state, he accepted the money, but turned around and used it to buy public bonds to support national construction.
Zhang Boju did not hesitate to go bankrupt to buy cultural relics, and his family collection of heavy weapons was famous all over the world, but he said: "Those who don't know say that I collected fine products from the Tang and Song dynasties, spent a lot of money, and was bold." In fact, I have gone through a lot of hard work, and I can't be as good as I wanted. Because it is easy to obtain, there is no national treasure. I didn't buy these for money, but for fear that they would go abroad. ”
Mr. Zhang Boju was born in a wealthy family, but his family was ruined and his life was poor. Even so, he was willing to be poor, but he had no nostalgia for the glory of the past, and although he held a heavy treasure, he gave up the opportunity to exchange for wealth. Throughout her life, she has never been infected with the slightest bit of smiling, Ms. Pan Su shares the joys and sorrows, and never gives up, this fairy couple, as if they do not eat fireworks, out of the world, how easy it is to say. He once said: "To give what you have collected, you don't have to give it to your body, for you to have, but to keep it forever in my land, and to pass it on from generation to generation, is to give what you want!" Returning the pearl to the people today is my long-cherished wish. In his opinion, these cultural relics are "deserved" by leaving him.
The selflessness of Mr. and Mrs. Zhang Pan's generous donation of national treasures has won the respect of the world. The contributions made to China's cultural cause will always be remembered.
Zhang Boju's old collectionandSelected Donated Paintings and Calligraphy:
Li Bai's "Balcony Post".
Tang Li Bai's "Balcony Post" is a four-word poem written by Li Baishu, and it is also the only authentic calligraphy that has been handed down.
Du Mu's "Zhang Haohao Poems".
Zhang Haohao's Poems" is a poem in the late Tang Dynasty, a five-character ancient poem written by Du Mu. This poem recalls the beautiful scene of Zhang Haohao's first rhyme and fame six years ago.
Dong Yuan's "Xiaoxiang Map".
Xiaoxiang is a work by Dong Yuan of the fifth dynasty and is a representative work in the history of Chinese landscape painting. The painting is on silk, colored, 50 cm long, 141 4 cm wide. It depicts the scenery of the Xianghu area. Originally belonged to Dong Qichang, Yuan Shu, etc., ** Qing Palace Inner Mansion Collection, now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Fan ZhongyanPraise for the uniform
Fan Zhongyan, "Praise of Taoist Costumes", small Kai, paper, hand scroll, 348cm, width 479cm。8 lines in regular script. This post is a praise written by Fan Zhongyan for the uniforms made by his friend "Brother Xu, Secretary of Pinghai" in the same year, saying that the clothes made by friends are "clear and clean". It is now in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Guo Xi's "Stone Pingyuan Map".
The huge painting of Guo Xi in his later years in the Northern Song Dynasty depicts the quiet and vast scenery of the fields in late autumn in the north. In the work, the close-up scene is the cold forest, autumn trees, rocks, and clear streams, and the distant mountains are faintly visible, and the upper part of the work is empty, showing a beautiful scenery of autumn high and refreshing. This picture takes the "Pingyuan" method, relying on the depth of the spatial distance to present an open picture.
Hundred Flowers Diagram
Hundred Flowers Picture of the Song Dynasty Yang Jieyu's work, for the plain silk, the scroll is 3 meters 24 meters long, divided into 17 sections, each section paints a kind of flower or scene, the brush is exquisite, the calligraphy is handsome - this picture scroll is considered to be the first female painter's work preserved in the history of Chinese painting, by the court and the great collectors of the past dynasties as a peerless treasure, Zhang Boju himself also stamped its collection seal. It is also one of Zhang's last treasures.
Huang Tingjian, "The Cursive Scrolls of the Upper Seat".
Song Cai Xiang, "Self-written Poems" volume
Song Zhao Mengjian, "Narcissus".
Yuan Zhao Mengfu "Zhangcao Thousand Character Scroll".
Zhao Yong, Wang Mian, **Run, Zhang Guan, Fang Congyi, "Yuan Five Families Painting" volume
The world is sinister, fate makes people, even if a transcendent person like Zhang Boju has no desires and no desires, he can't escape the doom of "**". Before the "Cultural Revolution", Kang Sheng borrowed a number of calligraphy and paintings from Zhang Boju in the name of viewing but never returned them. The chairman then talked to Kang Sheng and demanded that the property be returned to its original owner. Kang Sheng has been revenge ever since. Less than a year after Zhang Boju donated his life's work, eight hats of "rightists" were put on the heads of Zhang Pan and his wife, and they were repeatedly humiliated by house raids, confinement, and criticism.
Zhang Boju has been squatting in the basement for nearly two years, and in the past two years, he has not seen a familiar face, and he has never stepped out of the hut that is only 10 square meters. It was not until January 1970 that the couple returned to their home at the end of their detention and were not rehabilitated until 1978. No one knows how these two old men got through those difficult years, and they don't seem to want to talk about it.
In his later years, Zhang Boju and Pan Su were calm and comfortable with each other
Mr. Zhang Boju is not without complaints, in the 60s, he traveled to the ancient city of Ji'an, took a photo in front of the tomb of the four helmets, and once wrote "Ji'an Nostalgia" The words said: "Count empty wins, birds hide all bows, where to sleep." But more often than not, he's just glad he survived. After being branded as a rightist, relatives and friends are certainly gone, and their children are forced to "draw a line" with him, and they can only occasionally visit him secretly at night. Even so, the son found that these things seemed to have never happened to Zhang Boju, and he still took it leisurely, reading, writing, playing chess, and being at peace with what happened.
Later, ** apologized on behalf of the party for the injustice suffered by Mr. **. At this moment, Zhang's complaint has dissipated, he said: "The country is big, there are many people, and it is inevitable that I will be wronged, it is nothing, I have made mistakes in looking at ancient paintings, why don't I allow others to give me a hat by mistake?" This kind of introspection, open-mindedness and open-mindedness are not comparable to ordinary people. When the times are dangerous, the world is chaotic and loyal and good.
Wang Shixiang, a veteran player in Beijing, once recalled Zhang Boju: "In the most difficult three years from 1969 to 1972, I visited him several times, except for age, my mood and demeanor were no different from when I lived in Li Lianying's old house 20 years ago. Don't complain about the sky, don't worry about people, be calm, and still be the same. Perhaps it is his life's state of mind that is not shocked, indifferent and detached, that he has survived many crises in his life safely.
In the following 10 years, Zhang Boju and Pan Su have always lived lonely, cold but peaceful in their own small world, and the couple wrote and painted, supported each other, and loved each other. In 1982, Mr. Zhang Boju passed away due to illness, and since then there has never been such an outstanding celebrity in the world. Liu Haisu called it "a peak on the plateau of contemporary culture", and the name is well deserved.
Zhang BojuThe old collection of the study room plays(Zhang Yunshan.)FamilyHandHidden