While organizing party affairs organizationally and stepping up efforts to "clean up the party," Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu also launched large-scale propaganda activities in terms of ideology and theory and carried out counterrevolutionary cultural "encirclement and suppression."
At the beginning of 1934, Chiang Kai-shek launched a so-called "New Life Movement" in Nanchang to restore China's inherent morality.
Chen Guofu was also hired by Chiang Kai-shek as an instructor of the General Association for the Promotion of the New Life Movement, and they wrote articles, gave speeches, and carried out extensive propaganda on the New Life Movement, with the aim of using feudal ethics and morality to rectify people's thoughts and imprison people's speech and action.
In order to better control the whole country, the Kuomintang successively established a series of press and publication undertakings, and in the process of establishing these undertakings, both Chen and Chen intervened in the process and brought them under their own control.
On February 1, 1928, the Kuomintang founded the "** In order to strengthen control, at the suggestion of Er Chen, the Kuomintang promulgated the "Measures for the Establishment of Party Newspapers", stipulating that the capital should set up "** and move Shanghai ** to Nanjing for distribution, and the first president was Ye Chuling, the head of the Central Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang.
At the same time, it also distributed the Lushan edition, Chongqing edition, Changsha edition, Kunming edition, as well as "Anhui**", "Guizhou**", "Guangxi**", "Chengdu**", "Shenyang**", "Changchun**", etc., which made "**" one of the news units solely operated by the Kuomintang and laid the foundation for the Kuomintang to establish a party newspaper system.
During the "encirclement and suppression" of our party's Jiangxi base area, Chiang Kai-shek also ordered the establishment of the "Sweeping Daily" in Nanchang. By 1936, the newspapers and periodicals run by the Kuomintang party, government, and military accounted for about 2 3 of the newspapers and periodicals in the Kuomintang region. Most of these newspapers and periodicals are controlled by Er Chen.
Erchen believed that it was not enough to just run a newspaper, but that it was necessary to control the right to publish news, so Chiang Kai-shek founded a news agency after the establishment of Nanjing, and then gradually developed.
The former site of 75 News Agency, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing **From the Internet.
In 1932, after Xiao Tongzi, who had a close relationship with Erchen, became president, in addition to opening branches in major cities across the country, he also stationed more than 30 correspondents in other provincial capitals and important cities, forming a nationwide communication network.
Erchen not only controlled the press and publishing industry through various means, but also personally participated in it. In November 1927, Chen Guofu, Dai Jitao, Chen Bui, Zhou Fohai and others founded the "New Life Monthly" in Shanghai, advocating support for Chiang Kai-shek and making great achievements
Later, Er Chen also founded "Chinese Literature and Art", "Political Review" weekly, "Scientific China" monthly magazine, etc.
At the same time, Chen Guofu served as the chairman of the "National **", actively raised funds for the "National **", and built an office building in Hangzhou, on the day of the completion of the building, he personally attended the ceremony and delivered a speech to the conference, emphasizing:
Newspapers are responsible for promoting the society, and they are also public cultural institutions, especially the eyes and ears of the people. ”
He believes that in order for the Kuomintang to control the people, it must grasp the tools of news and propaganda.
In the spring of 1933, Chen Guofu saw a news report about how Italy used movies for propaganda, so he immediately found Chen Lifu, and after the two discussed, they sent his subordinate Huang Renlin to imitate Italy and use movies for propaganda.
Huang Renlin did not dare to slack off, and it only took a week to set up a film propaganda vehicle, put the film projector on a large truck, and drove it to Jiangxi to carry out propaganda to "suppress the Communist Party." This big truck traveled through various parts of southern Jiangxi and screened some first-class films on a mobile basis, which played a very bad role.
In addition to running newspapers, publications, and news agencies, Er Chen also set up a radio station.
As early as 1924, an American businessman set up a small radio station in Shanghai for purely commercial purposes. When Chen Guofu learned about it, he thought that he could use radio broadcasting for political propaganda, so that the speed of dissemination would be fast, the coverage would be wide, and it would be more advanced than newspapers, so he wrote a letter to Chiang Kai-shek, asking the Kuomintang to set up a radio station for political propaganda purposes.
Chiang Kai-shek quickly agreed to this proposal, so Chen Guofu went to Shanghai and Hangzhou to invite radio personnel to Guangzhou to organize a radio station, but no one was willing to go to Guangzhou, so the matter of preparing a radio station was put on hold for a time.
In 1926, Chen Guofu once again mentioned the establishment of a radio station, and received the support of Zhang Jingjiang and others, but due to the Northern Expedition, the lack of funds and the failure again.
After the founding of Nanjing, Chen Guofu believed that in order to completely eliminate the influence and control the whole country, the radio station was an indispensable propaganda tool, so he once again proposed to the Kuomintang to establish a radio station as soon as possible.
This proposal was quickly approved by the Kuomintang, and the funds were secured, and after intense preparation, it was completed on August 1, 1928, with the name of the radio station, with an electricity of 500 watts and a call sign of XKM.
In 1929, in view of the fact that the radio station had weak power, little influence, and poor coverage, Chen Guofu believed that he was not up to the task of Kuomintang political propaganda, so he invited Dai Jitao, Ye Chuling, and others to discuss and draw up a plan to expand the radio station.
After this plan was proposed, Chen Guofu's various activities were approved by the Kuomintang Executive Committee, and the Kuomintang also designated Chen Guofu to be specifically responsible for the preparations.
In the name of the Kuomintang, he went to various places to recruit talents, to import equipment from abroad, and after three years of hard work, the whole project was completed, the electricity was expanded to 75 kilowatts, and the call sign was XGOA, which became the largest radio station in the Far East in one fell swoop.
The former site of the Nanjing Kuomintang Radio Station **From the Internet.
On November 12, 1932, the opening ceremony of the Kuomintang Radio Station was held at the Jiangdong Gate of Nanjing.
On that day, the weather was fine and the wind was beautiful, and Kuomintang dignitaries Wu Zhihui, Dai Jitao, Ju Zheng, and He Yingqin all attended the ceremony, and some foreigners were also invited to watch the ceremony, and the number of people at the venue exceeded 1,000.
Chen Guofu, wearing a robe and horse coat, with a spring breeze on his face, walked to the rostrum in a round of applause and addressed the meeting
Since then, radio news has not spread to the borders, but has also spread far and wide around the world, and even if a government decree is issued, it is conducive to propagating doctrine. ”
In other words, in the future, it is possible to take advantage of the fast dissemination and wide coverage of radio stations to issue various decrees of the Kuomintang.
After the station was built, Erchen vigorously developed local radio stations, and successively built radio stations in Jiangxi, Hankou, and other provinces and cities, especially the radio station set up in Nanchang, Jiangxi, which became a propaganda tool for the Kuomintang to "encircle and suppress" the Red Army.
In 1936, according to Er Chen's suggestion, the Kuomintang established the Steering Committee for Broadcasting and planned the establishment of the national radio station system and the method for broadcasting programs by the national radio station.
The measures stipulate that all public and private radio stations in all provinces and cities shall relay concise news, current affairs commentary, celebrity speeches, academic speeches, dramas, and ** programs of radio stations. Stations that are not allowed to be rebroadcast are to be immediately banned from broadcasting.
At the same time, Er Chen also intervened in the cultural publishing industry, believing that the publishing industry was very important to the party's work and that newspapers, magazines, and publishing undertakings must be governed by an ideal. Under the domination of this ideology, in 1930, Chen Lifu came forward and united with Wu Dajun to organize the Zhengzhong Bookstore, with Chiang Kai-shek issuing 4,000 yuan as capital.
In 1931, the bookstore was directly managed by the Kuomintang Party Secretariat to monopolize the national publishing industry, and the bookstore set up three distribution centers in Shanghai, Wuchang and Changsha, and established a printing plant in Shanghai.
The bookstore mainly publishes primary and secondary school textbooks compiled and approved by Er Chen, and at the same time publishes works by Chiang Kai-shek and important Kuomintang officials, such as Chiang Kai-shek's diary, Xi'an Half Moon Diary, and Soong Meiling's memoirs about the Xi'an Incident.
Later, Zhengzhong Book Company cooperated with the Sanmin Publishing House, which was under the supervision of the Kuomintang Party Department, and with the support of the political power, it established its hegemony in the Chinese publishing industry.
In the counter-revolutionary cultural "encirclement and suppression" launched by the Kuomintang, Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu took the lead and charged ahead. They directed the "CC" elements to work closely together to wreak havoc on the revolutionary culture.
In 1930, Chen Lifu came forward to organize a literary group in Shanghai, and the main members of the group, in addition to the important members of the Kuomintang Shanghai Party Department and the Kuomintang Shanghai Garrison Command, were the backbone elements of the "CC", such as Pan Gongzhan, Huang Zhenyao, Wang Pingling, Fu Yanchang and others, who founded the "Qianfeng Weekly", "Qianfeng Monthly", "Modern Literature Review" and other publications, launched the so-called "nationalist literary movement", and promoted the culture of feudal fascism.
In 1935, Chen Lifu went to Shanghai and convened Tao Xisheng, He Bingsong, Huang Lingshuang and others to discuss how to fight against communist ideology.
Under his auspices, the association proposed the theory of combining traditional Chinese ideas with foreign ideas and mixing them into the theory of "Chinese-oriented cultural construction". In fact, they wanted to combine China's feudal ideology with foreign fascist ideology and oppose communism.
In order to better carry out the cultural "encirclement and suppression," Chen Lifu suggested to Chiang Kai-shek, and with Chiang's approval, a "Book and Magazine Censorship Committee" was set up under the Kuomintang Propaganda Committee, with his close confidant Pan Gongzhan as the chairman.
Old photos of Pan Gongzhan **From the Internet.
In June 1934, the Society was officially established, stipulating that all books and magazines published by bookstores, associations or authors within the territory of the People's Republic of China should submit the original manuscripts to the Society for examination before printing; If the content is found to be inappropriate, it may be sent back to the applicant and ordered to be deleted in accordance with the examination opinion; If there are serious circumstances, the original copy shall be detained and submitted to the Central Propaganda Committee for verification.
The Book Censorship Committee gathered a number of Kuomintang members and CC faction elements, who acted according to the will of Chen Lifu and Pan Gongzhan in everything, and either brutally banned the submitted manuscripts or deleted the original manuscripts beyond recognition.
Here, all manuscripts have to be converted into national articles before they can be published, and works with a slight progressive tendency are stifled on the charge of "reactionary", let alone works with communist tendencies.
According to the famous American journalist Edgar **, in 1934, there were 110 cases of delayed or complete withholding of various publications in North China alone. The suppression of newspapers and publications resulted in the burning of books, which in 1934 amounted to 149 titles.
What is even more serious is that while strictly prohibiting and seizing revolutionary literature and periodicals, Er Chen also directed the CC elements to destroy and destabilize progressive cultural figures.
For example, in 1930, he killed the famous dramatist Zong Hui in Nanjing; In 1931, he killed young writers Rou Shi, Hu Yepin, Li Weisen, Yin Fu, and Feng Keng in Shanghai; In 1932, Xu Deheng and Hou Wailu were arrested in Beiping; In 1934, Chen Lifu's confidant Ma Shaowu led spies to kidnap Ding Ling and Pan Zinian.
In addition, he also shot Yang Xingfo and Shi Liangcai, deceived the prison Du Chongyuan, and so on. In a letter, Lu Xun angrily pointed out that the brutality of the Kuomintang agents exceeded the previous record of torture and murder of Jesuits in Europe.
Although Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu participated in the cultural "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang so hard, they did not achieve the expected results.
Under the leadership of China, the proletarian cultural army with Lu Xun as the main general fought bravely in the White Terror, exposed the ugly features of the reactionaries, criticized all kinds of reactionary fallacies, created rich and colorful works, disseminated revolutionary truth, and raised the consciousness of the masses.
In the face of the vigorous proletarian revolutionary cultural movement, Chen Guofu and Chen Lifu, as Kuomintang generals of culture and propaganda, had to admit their defeat.