It has been nearly 40 years since the implementation of the rural land contracting policy of "increasing the number of people without increasing the land, and reducing the number of people without reducing the land". It has played an important role in stabilizing rural society and promoting agricultural development, but there are also some problems and challenges. In recent years, with the change of rural population structure and the transformation and upgrading of agricultural production methods, the disadvantages of this policy have gradually emerged, which has aroused widespread concern and discussion in the society.
Adhere to the reason of "increasing people without increasing land, and reducing people without reducing land".
Prevent frequent land adjustments that affect agricultural production. Land is the foundation of agricultural production, and frequent adjustment of land contract relations will lead to problems such as land fragmentation and reduced production efficiency. I am afraid that the peasants will not cherish the land, and I am afraid that the peasants will reduce their input and protection of the land. Long-term and stable land contract relations can motivate farmers to make long-term planning and investment in land, and improve land use efficiency. In order to control population growth. In the early days of the implementation of the family planning policy, the policy played a role in curbing the excessive population growth to a certain extent. The drawbacks of "increasing people without increasing land, and reducing people without reducing land".
The extreme imbalance of land tenure has led to a serious polarization of land rights between farmers and families, giving rise to many contradictions and governance problems. The phenomenon of "the dead have the right to contract, but the living have no right to contract" has emerged, resulting in the existence of collective land ownership in name only. It has aggravated the burden on agricultural producers and operators, which is not conducive to agricultural development and rural equity. It is not conducive to the fertility of the population and exacerbates the fertility crisis of the population. "Second-round contracting" pilot: the direction of reform
In recent years, all parts of the country have begun to explore the "second round of contracting" pilot projects, extending the land contract period for another 30 years, and continuing to adhere to the principle of "increasing the number of people without increasing the land, and reducing the number of people without reducing the land". The author believes that while adhering to this principle, it is necessaryOn the premise of giving priority to producers, equal rights of members, and putting an end to abandonment and idlenessto carry out the necessary reforms and improvements:
Producer priority: State agricultural subsidies should be directed to "new farmers" who actually farm the land, rather than land contractors, in order to improve agricultural efficiency and effectiveness. Equality of membership rights: There is a certain degree of imbalance in land ownership, but those who occupy more than the contracted land need to pay an over-occupation fee to the collective to compensate the collective members with no contracted land and less contracted land, so as to achieve equality of membership rights. Eliminate abandonment and idleness: The collective has the right to recover abandoned and idle contracted land to ensure the effective use of land resources. Conclusion
The policy of "increasing the number of people without increasing the land, and reducing the number of people without reducing the land" has played an important role in a specific historical period, but with the development of the times, its drawbacks have gradually emerged. PersistenceThe original intent of the policy,ReformsOnly by its drawbacks can we better adapt ourselves to the new situation of rural development and promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.