An important step for China in the field of large aircraft!
Since China's first commercial large aircraft with independent intellectual property rightsFirst commercial flightAfter that, this kind of excitement reverberated in the hearts of the Chinese people.
But what few people know is that in a sense,This honor should have belonged to Yun 10 more than 40 years agoIt hasLarger volume and longer range than C919YetDismounted for various reasons,It's a pity.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's aviation field was in a state of embarrassment for a long time, and in consideration of the needs of national defense and security, with the help of the Soviet Union, we took the lead in developing military aviation.
During this period, China copied advanced fighters such as the J-6 and J-7, which further promoted the development of domestic aircraft.
After China successfully copied the Tu-16 bomber, the Prime Minister put forward such an idea:
"Is it possible to design a jet airliner on the basis of the H-6. ”
You know, at that time our diplomats sat abroad in the capitalNot an aircraft of its own production, others seem to be strange, and it may also cause some political problems.
And before, the USSR hadConversion of the Tu-16 into a jet airliner Tu-104experience, so the prime minister put forward such a point.
But this is undoubtedly difficult for China, on the one hand, there is an essential difference between a bomber and a jet airliner, and it is very difficult to modify.
On the other hand, China's large aircraft technology is very backward, and for us, there is not much difference between modified imitation and new construction.
Later the state was formed"Project 708"., the large aircraft code name was named"Yun 10".
At the beginning of the development of this aircraft, it actually referred to the imitation experience of the H-6, and later it did not work, so we could only start to explore the road on our own.
In 1971,A Boeing 707 in PakistanIt was damaged during the landing in Xinjiang, and relevant technicians rushed to the area to dissect the wreckage, and the analysis of the relevant technology was completed in only 3 months, which laid a solid foundation for the research and development of the Y-10.
In 1971, we proposed the relevant design plans for the Y-10, and in the same year, we determined some of themPrinciples of design
At this time, for the design standards of the Y-10, we are more biased towards the Western countries, including the range cannot be less than 7,000 kilometers, the take-off and running distance cannot exceed 1,300 meters, and the length and width of the fuselage are about 42 meters and 43 meters respectively.
Judging from the expected performance of the Y-10, this aircraft is larger and has a longer range than today's C919!
In design, the appearance of the Y-10 had many similarities with the Boeing 707, which was also understandable at the timeThe only one that can be referencedThe jetliner model is the Boeing 707.
The Y-10 was originally planned to be carriedDomestic engine(Turbofan 8, although the development was successful, but the Yun-10 project was quickly launched), but due to the limitations of technology and other factors, the performance was not ideal.
InIn 1980, the Y-10 made its first successful flightIn the following yearsCompleted a number of test flights,ManifestationGood performance and potential.
Its successful maiden flight caused a huge repercussion in the international community at that time, symbolizing a solid step forward in the country's industrial technology.
The emergence of Yun 10 marked the beginning of China's transformation into Britain, France, the United States and RussiaThe fifth country to be able to independently develop a jumbo jet airlinerThe significance is not insignificant.
The outside world generally has a high evaluation of Yun 10, and Western countries even thinkThis was a turning point for China's aviation industryWe are also full of confidence in the Yun 10 project.
But it's a pity that after the first flight of the Y-10, there was no follow-up, so that it arrivedIn 1986, the project was completely halted.
The reason why the Yun 10 project will be launched is involvedComplex historical factorsThere are a lot of them.
For example, at that time, because of the easing of relations between China and the United States, China hadConditions for the introduction of advanced Western technology, China and the United States agreed on the introduction of ChinaMD-82 aircraftrelated cooperation matters.
The agreement stipulates that McDonnell Douglas will provide the relevant parts and equipment in Shanghai**.
Subsequently, China gradually introduced relevant technologies and construction standards, gradually promoting the development of China's aviation industry, and at the same time meeting the needs of the Chinese market.
However, this cooperation project was opposed by many technicians at the time, arguingY-10 is the destination of China's aviation development.
Actually, from today's point of view,Civil Aviation of ChinaThe market trades for technologyIt is understandable to promote the development of the country's aviation field, and it is especially obvious in the C919 large aircraft.
But in that era, it was normal for many technicians to inevitably have historical limitations.
Then the 10 major aircraft projects will be launchedIs it really correct?
China has certainly imported technology from Western countries, but alsoAutonomy is lost to a certain extent,So much so that today, more than 40 years later, the dream of independent commercial large aircraft has been realized.
In addition to the fact that foreign cooperation projects have squeezed out the original resources of Yun-10, this project has also been affected by Chinese technology.
You know, the biggest and most critical problem in commercial aviation is:SecurityBut the success of the first flight does not mean that the Y-10 is completely safe and reliable.
After the first flight, there are still many key technical problems that have not been solved by the Y-10, and it will take a long time.
At the level of China's aviation industry at that time, it could only produce Y-5, Y-7, Y-8 and other aircraft, and it was still full of difficulties.
For us, the Yun 10 project is indeed a bit too big, and we have not done what we can.
In addition, the cost of Y-10 is relatively high, including early procurement and later research and development, etc., for example, the LC4 high-strength aluminum alloy material used in the fuselage of this aircraft is the same as at that timeThe material of the Nixon transit is not much different
of such materialsHigh technical difficulty, high R&D costs, and high maintenance and maintenance costsAbbreviated as "three highs".
Even if the Yun 10 project is successfully landed,How to go into mass productionIt is also a problem, after all, China does not have a full-fledged production line for large aircraft.
Finally, after the Yun 10 is put into use, what should be the cost? How to develop the market?
Problems such as these are plaguing the Yun 10 project, under the consideration of various factorsThe Yun 10 project had no choice but to get off the horse
It can only be said that Yun 10 was "born at the wrong time", in that special era,It's hard for us to do well.
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References:
1] Observer.com: "Chinese: The Prequel to China's Large Aircraft: The History of the Development of the Y-10 at an Ill-Time Time".
2] Observer.com: "Chinese: Beginning from a Dream, Ending with a Dream Some Questions About the Y-10".