Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels, which is extremely harmful to the body and can lead to a variety of complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, neuropathy, etc. if not effectively controlled for a long time.
These complications not only affect the patient's quality of life, but can also be life-threatening. The causes of diabetes are complex and closely related to a variety of factors such as genetics, environment, and lifestyle.
Poor lifestyle is one of the main causes of diabetes, modern people live a fast pace, irregular diet, lack of exercise, these can lead to abnormal metabolism of the body, and then lead to diabetes.
The symptoms of diabetes vary from person to person, but symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss are more common. Once these symptoms appear, you should see your doctor to check your blood sugar levels. Diabetes is diagnosed through a blood test that measures indicators such as blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin.
1.Fasting blood glucose (FPG) 70mmol/l。Fasting blood glucose refers to the blood glucose level after 8 hours of fasting, and the normal range should be 39-6.1mmol/l。When the fasting blood glucose value is greater than or equal to 7Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed at 0mmol L.
2.Blood glucose 2-hour post-glucose load (OGTT) 111mmol/l。Glucose load usually refers to 75 grams of glucose taken orally and blood glucose values measured 2 hours later. The normal range should be 39-7.8mmol/l。When the blood glucose value is greater than or equal to 11 at 2 hours after glucose loadingDiabetes mellitus can also be diagnosed at 1 mmol L.
3.Have symptoms of diabetes (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, etc.), as long as the random blood sugar is 111mmol l or fasting blood glucose 7Blood glucose 11 at 2 hours after 0mmol l or glucose loadDiabetes mellitus can be diagnosed with 1 mmol l.
4.If you have no symptoms of diabetes, you will need to test again on another day if your fasting blood glucose is 7Blood glucose 11 at 2 hours after 0mmol l or glucose load1 mmol L, which can also be diagnosed with diabetes.
First of all, we need to understand the dietary principles of diabetics. Diabetic patients should control their total calorie intake, maintain a balanced diet, and minimize the intake of foods high in sugar, fat, salt and cholesterol.
As a nutritious food, eggs contain high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals, which is a good nutrition for diabetics**.
However, eggs also contain a certain amount of cholesterol, which is something that diabetics need to be aware of. Excessive intake of cholesterol may lead to dyslipidemia and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, diabetic patients need to pay attention to the appropriate amount when eating eggs, and it is generally recommended to consume 1-2 eggs a day to avoid excessive intake.
In addition, for patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic diseases such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension, it is necessary to control the cholesterol intake in the diet more strictly.
First and foremost, foods high in sugar are the main culprits for blood sugar fluctuations. Whether it's refined sugar, fructose, or other forms of sugar, it can trigger large fluctuations in blood sugar. Therefore, avoid consuming too many sweets such as sweets, sweet drinks, cakes, etc.
Secondly, high-starch foods are also the killers of blood sugar control. High-starch foods like white rice, white bread, potatoes, etc., are quickly converted into glucose during digestion, resulting in a rapid rise in blood sugar. Reducing the intake of these foods can help maintain blood sugar stability.
In addition, foods that are too high in fat should also be eaten. Excessive fat intake not only leads to obesity, but also affects the body's metabolism of sugar. Therefore, high-fat foods such as fried chicken, French fries, and barbecue should be consumed in moderation.
Finally, sugar-sweetened beverages are also a hidden danger to blood sugar fluctuations. These drinks often contain a lot of sugar and additives, which are not only not good for your health, but also increase the risk of diabetes.
1.Cardiovascular disease: Long-term hyperglycemia can lead to vascular endothelial damage, accelerate the process of atherosclerosis, and then lead to cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke.
2.Kidney damage: Long-term poor blood sugar control can increase the burden on the kidneys and lead to diabetic nephropathy. As the disease progresses, patients may develop proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and even kidney failure.
3.Retinopathy: Long-term hyperglycemia can lead to retinal vascular lesions, causing retinal hemorrhage, edema, exudation and other lesions, and in severe cases, blindness.
4.Neuropathy: Long-term hyperglycemia can also cause damage to nerves, resulting in peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, etc., and patients may have symptoms such as limb numbness, pain, and muscle atrophy.
First of all, bitter gourd is an ideal vegetable for diabetics. Bitter melon contains bitter melon and polypeptides, which can promote insulin secretion and lower blood sugar.
Bitter melon is low in calories, containing only 17 calories per 100 grams, and is rich in vitamin C and dietary fiber, which helps with digestion and detoxification.
Secondly, spinach is also one of the vegetables suitable for diabetics. Spinach is rich in vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber, especially vitamin C and folic acid, which help improve the body's sensitivity to insulin and promote sugar metabolism. In addition, the iron in spinach also contributes to the synthesis of hemoglobin and prevents anemia.
The third vegetable is celery. Celery contains apigenin and potassium, which can lower blood sugar and prevent diabetes complicated by high blood pressure. In addition, celery is also rich in dietary fiber, which helps to increase satiety and control the amount of food you eat.
The last one is onions. Onions contain a substance called "tolbutamide", which stimulates insulin secretion and lowers blood sugar.
Onions are also rich in vitamin C, dietary fiber, and sulfur compounds, which have antioxidant effects and help prevent diabetes complications.