The new king of the Franks, the former court minister of the Merovingian royal family:Pepin the Elf, according to the estimation of later historians, the height is 155m 165 meters.
But he gave birth to a height of 19 m (6.)35 feet) tall son.
He this 1The 9-meter son, with a thick neck and a general's belly, was an extraordinary military commander and an outstanding king, surpassing his father in his deeds.
His name was Charlie, and later generations called himCharlemagne, Charles the Greatest, the father of Europe, the king of hearts on the playing cards
Carolingian familyCharlie. Matt, Pepin the Elf, Charlemagne, generation after generation, pushed the Carolingian dynasty to its zenith.
According to Frankish customs, Charlemagne and his brother Carloman had divided the kingdom left behind by Pepin's death, but his brother Carloman died within a few years, and Charlemagne became the sole ruler of the entire kingdom.
In medieval Europe, the first duty of a king was to fightA king who cannot bring victory in a war is incompetent. Charlemagne, on the other hand, has outstanding ruling talents and outstanding military command ability.
Every spring, the nobles would lead their army around Charlemagne, not to solve the question of whether to fight, but to whom to fight.
To the east, he conquered Bavaria, and as the monarch of the Germanic peoples, organized in the far eastSuppression of the SlavsThe Slavs, who originated in the Vistula River basin in Poland, are the ancestors of the Slavic states of present-day Eastern Europe.
To the southeast, he led his army into the kingdom of the Avars, the nomadic people of the East, and the plain of present-day Hungary, and transported back to the Franks in ox carts all the treasures that the Avars had wantonly plundered in Eastern Europe for a hundred years.
To the northeast, after the Saxons moved west to the British Isles with relatives such as the Angles, the remaining Saxons who did not leave were calledSaxonsCharlemagne waged a 32-year war of conquest & proselytizing against them.
The repeated conquests and forced conversions of the Saxons could not change Charlemagne's rebellion as soon as he withdrew his troops.
In 782, Charlemagne, in a fit of rage, defeated more than 4,000 Saxons in one day, and finally made the Saxons accept Charlemagne's rule and the Order.
After that, Saxony became the most powerful religious region in Europe, and after the Carolingian dynasty, there was the Duke of SaxonySaxony
To the southwest, Charlemagne attacked Al-Andalus of the Arabs in the Iberian Peninsula, and to this day, Barcelona is more influenced by French institutions and customs, and Charlemagne's expedition is artistically embodied in the epicThe Song of Roland".
To the south, Charlemagne followed in his father's footsteps and entered the Italian peninsula, conquering the Lombards and becoming the common king of both the Franks and the Lombards.
After such a campaign,Charlemagne's empire was no longer just the empire of the Franks, and he became the monarch of all of Western Europe, with the exception of some countries on the periphery, such as the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Britain, etcThe entire Western world of **religion was placed under his rule
He completed the conquests that the Roman Empire did not completeEast of the RhineThe work of a vast area.
On Christmas Day 800, Pope Leo III officially crowned him, placing the Emperor's laurel crown on his head, calling him "".Emperor of the Romans
Previously, the Byzantine emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire had always occupied the title of "emperor", and now the pope's move actually denied the legitimacy of the reign of Empress Irene of Byzantium at that time, and gave this title to Charlemagne.
The Western Roman Empire, which had fallen in the 5th century AD, finally had a new emperor more than 300 years later.
Although there are some interesting rumors that Charlemagne did not expect to be crowned, reluctantly, and was caught off guard by the pope, Charlemagne eventually accepted the honor of becoming emperor of all Western Europe.
WhileIt is up to the Pope to crown the Emperor, this move in itself, is also of great significance to the Pope and the ** Church, it means,The supreme ruler of the world is only legitimate if he is authorized by God from the church
The Pope has the right to crown whomever it wants, and implicitly implies the right to strip whomever of the crown. This undoubtedly foreshadowed the church's subsequent struggle for greater power in the world.
At that time, the Church penetrated into all aspects of Charlemagne's empire, and it was with the help of the wisdom, culture and talents of the church people that Emperor Charlemagne inaugurated the famous ".Carolingian Renaissance
Relying on the culture of the church, Charlemagne began the revival of culture, which brought the dawn of civilization back to the chaotic and backward Europe after the fall of Western Rome.
What we later know as the mid-to-late Middle Ages opened the hearts and minds of Europe".RenaissanceIt is also based on the Carolingian Renaissance.