Soybean fertilization time and method: how to provide sufficient nutrition for soybeans?
As an important crop, soybeans not only provide us with abundant plant protein, but are also important for food, feed and industrial raw materials**. In order to ensure high yield and high quality of soybeans, proper fertilization is key. So, what are the fertilization times and methods of soybeans? Let's find out.
First, the characteristics of soybean fertilizer demand.
Soybeans need a lot of nutrients during the growth process, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements. At different stages of soybean growth, the nutrient requirements are also different. The seedling stage and flowering stage are the key periods for fertilizer requirement, while the grain drum stage requires less fertilization. Therefore, the fertilization should be reasonably proportioned according to the characteristics of different growth stages.
Second, fertilization time and method.
Base fertilizer: Base fertilizer is the basis of soybean growth, generally based on organic fertilizer, with an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer. Basal fertilizer should be applied to the soil before sowing to provide sufficient nutrients for soybean growth. Organic fertilizer has the advantages of comprehensive nutrients and long-term fertilizer efficiency, which can improve soil structure and improve soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. Chemical fertilizers can quickly replenish nutrients and promote the growth of soybeans.
Seed fertilizer: Seed fertilizer is a fertilizer that is applied near the seeds during sowing to provide early nutrients for soybeans. Seed fertilizer can choose fast-acting fertilizer, such as diammonium phosphate, etc. When applying, care should be taken to keep a certain distance between the fertilizer and the seeds, and avoid burning the seeds.
Top dressing: Top dressing is a fertilizer applied during the growth of soybeans, mainly at the seedling stage and flowering stage. Nitrogen fertilizer was the main topdressing at seedling stage, which promoted root development and plant growth. At the flowering stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were the main fertilizers to improve the podding rate. Top dressing can be done by root top dressing or foliar spraying, and root top dressing should be ditched or applied in holes at a moderate depth; For foliar sprays, attention should be paid to choosing the appropriate timing and concentration of spraying.
3. Determination of the amount of fertilizer.
The determination of fertilizer amount is the key link of soybean fertilization, and the reasonable ratio should be carried out according to soil nutrient status, soybean variety characteristics, climatic conditions and other factors. Generally speaking, 2000-3000 kg of organic fertilizer needs to be applied per mu, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of chemical fertilizer is 1:15:1.8。The specific amount of fertilizer should be adjusted according to the actual situation to avoid waste or insufficient impact on yield caused by excessive fertilization.
4. Precautions.
Direct contact between the fertilizer and the root system should be avoided when fertilizing to avoid burning the roots.
Different fertilizers should be reasonably matched to avoid nutrient imbalance affecting soybean growth.
When fertilizing, the appropriate time and weather conditions should be selected to avoid nutrient loss caused by fertilization in rainy days.
Foliar sprays should be sprayed at the appropriate concentration and timing to avoid too high or too low concentration affecting the effect.
Reasonable fertilization is an important measure to ensure high yield and high quality of soybean. In the process of fertilization, the appropriate fertilization time and method should be selected according to the characteristics of soybean fertilizer demand, growth stage, soil conditions and other factors, so as to provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of soybean. Through scientific and rational fertilization management, we can improve the yield and quality of soybeans and contribute to the development of agricultural production.
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