As a common acute respiratory infectious disease, influenza has once again "strongly" entered people's attention with the change of temperature and the change of seasons. Unlike the common cold, flu patients generally have severe systemic symptoms, and in severe cases, they will also be complicated by complications such as pneumonia, so it is important to prepare for "defending against the enemy" in advance.
What is the difference between influenza, influenza A and influenza B?
Epidemic disease, referred to as "influenza", is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus, which seriously endangers human health. Influenza viruses are prone to mutation and can be divided into four types: A, B, C, and D, with the most common being influenza viruses A and B.
Influenza A and B viruses are similar in morphology, structure and biological function, but their antigenicity is completely different. Runny nose, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms are more common in type B than type A. Influenza A and B can cause outbreaks or minor epidemics, but influenza A can cause a pandemic or even a worldwide pandemic, can be endemic in animals, and cause a large number of animal deaths, while influenza B does not cause a worldwide influenza pandemic, and no evidence has been found that it exists in animals other than humans.
How is the flu transmitted?
Source of infection: mainly patients, followed by hidden infections. Animals may also be important storage and intermediate hosts. The virus can be excreted from nasal discharge, salivation, sputum and other secretions within 5 days after the onset of the disease, and the infectious period is about 1 week, and the most contagious is in the first 2 to 3 days of the disease.
Mode of transmission: It is mainly transmitted by airborne droplets, followed by indirect transmission through tea sets, eating utensils, towels and other items contaminated by the virus, and close contact is also one of the ways to spread influenza. The speed and breadth of transmission are related to population density. Like many other respiratory viral diseases, influenza is a seasonal illness with a low incidence in summer and high in winter, but it can be endemic year-round in some places.
Susceptible population: The population is generally susceptible, but high-risk groups such as infants, young children, the elderly, and patients with chronic diseases are infected with the influenza virus, and the health hazards are more serious, and the risk of severe disease is also relatively high.
How is the flu**?
Symptomatic use is more likely to be used**. Cough and sputum can be relieved by acute syrup, ambroxol hydrochloride, etc.; Sore throat can be reduced by Pudilan, throat-opening sword spray and other pharyngeal swelling; Fever can be reduced with acetaminophen, aminoammine tablets, etc. If necessary, antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir and zanamivir can be used to reduce the incidence of severe influenza disease. If symptoms are severe, seek medical attention.
The prevention of influenza should follow the principles of early detection, early reporting, early isolation, and early influenza. Influenza vaccination is an effective means to prevent the onset of influenza and reduce influenza-related severe illness and death. In places with a dense flow of people, you can "defend against the enemy" in a way below
1.Pay attention to personal hygiene: develop good personal hygiene habits, wash hands frequently, bathe frequently, do not share daily necessities such as towels and cups, and do not spit, so as to prevent contact with the transmission of influenza viruses.
2.Frequent ventilation: Frequent ventilation in the room and office should reduce the number of bacteria and viruses gathered indoors and maintain fresh indoor air.
3.Avoid gatherings: During the epidemic period, you should try to avoid going to public places, such as shopping malls, movie theaters and other crowded places. Keep a distance of at least 1 meter from the person who is sneezing.
4.Wear a mask: When you go to the hospital, it is best to wear a mask. Most respiratory diseases are transmitted by the air, and most of the patients in hospitals are patients with various diseases, so they are easily infected. Wearing a mask can effectively block bacteria and viruses.
5.Prevention of cold: Be sure to increase or decrease clothing appropriately according to the change of temperature to prevent low immunity caused by colds and colds.
6.Maintain a healthy lifestyle: pay attention to a balanced daily diet, drink plenty of water regularly and quantitatively, do not smoke, and do not drink alcohol. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that you get enough sleep and avoid overwork.
7.Strengthen physical fitness: It is necessary to strengthen physical exercise and often insist on outdoor sports to enhance the body's resistance. In particular, teachers and students of primary and secondary schools who live in a group should go outdoors to engage in physical activities, combine work and rest, and maintain normal study and life.
Kunming Health Science Popularization Expert:
Lu Nihong: Director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Secretary of the Department of Internal Medicine, Doctor of Medicine, Chief Physician and Associate Professor. Master tutor of Dali University, chairman of the Professional Committee for Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules of Kunming Medical Association, member of the Standing Committee of the Respiratory Disease Branch of Yunnan Medical Association, member of the corresponding editorial board of the Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, reserve talent of young and middle-aged academic and technical leaders in Yunnan Province, and famous doctor of Xingdian in Yunnan Province, presided over 1 national natural science ** project, and a number of provincial and municipal projects.
He is good at popular science: respiratory infectious diseases.
*: Healthy Spring City.
Editor-in-charge: Li Xiaomei.
Editor: Zhou Xiaoxue.
Final review: Zhou Jianjun.