Zhu Li, Zhu Yuanzhang's beloved son, why was he slandered by Zhu Di
This article will lead you to understand the historical drama "Mountains, Rivers and Moonlight", analyze in detail the glorious history of Hongwu Zhizhi and Yongle Emperor Zhu Di, and let us experience the various states of the world in that era.
In addition to the protagonist, this article will also briefly introduce Zhu Yuanzhang's other sons, among which the image of Zhu Li, the third son of the Jin Dynasty, is impressive, although there are not many descriptions, but his heroic and proud temperament is vividly displayed.
This article is long, but it is rich in historical information, and I hope you will read it patiently, and you will definitely gain something.
The records of Zhu Li in the Records of Taizu of the Ming Dynasty and the Records of Fengtian Jing were tampered with and embellished by Zhu Di, who created a positive image of himself in these books and slandered the crown prince and the king of Jin.
However, this does not mean that Zhu Di is wise and brutal, or inferior to Zhu Di everywhere. We hope that by looking for clues from historical books, we can restore a more real Zhu Li.
We will not deny Zhu Di's martial arts, nor will we portray King Jin as a perfect character.
Zhu Li was born on November 18 in the 18th year of Zhizheng (1358), and was the third son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, and his mother was the Empress Ma of Xiaoci Gao.
He was a sibling with the crown prince Zhu Biao and the king of Qin, Zhu Zhang, although the wild history says that they were born to Concubine Li Shu, but this has not been confirmed. In November of the first year of Hongwu (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang set up the main hall, and in order to enrich it, he recruited famous Confucian scholars from all over the world to teach the princes and kings.
Zhu Li was fortunate to learn calligraphy from Song Lian, and later studied calligraphy with Du Huan.
In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, carried out a grand ceremony of sealing meritorious heroes. He announced to the world that he was deeply blessed by the gods of heaven and earth and the gifts of his ancestors, and appointed the general Xu Datong to lead the generals, successfully pacifying the Central Plains, making Haiyu clear and fleeing the desert.
After that, the country was unified and the people were stable, and Zhu Yuanzhang decided to first commend those with outstanding martial arts in order to reward them. At the same time, Zhu Yuanzhang also carried out feudalism on his sons.
He emphasized that the ruler of the world should give the throne to the virtuous, especially the throne. In his third son, Zhu Li, he placed high hopes on him and named him the king of Jin.
This is a special honor, and the King of Jin is one of the most honorable princes of all dynasties, and only the monarchs of the Qin and Jin kingdoms have such a status. Historically, the title of King Jin was used by Sima Yan, Yang Guang and others, and even the title of Zhao Guangyi of Song Taizong when he was in the palace was also King of Jin.
All these show that Zhu Yuanzhang has great expectations for Zhu Li. When Zhu Li was fifteen years old, he had already become the king of Jin. In February of the fifth year of Hongwu, he was appointed as the governor of Shanxi Xingzhongshu Province to build the Jin palace in Taiyuan.
A year later, in August of the sixth year of Hongwu, Zhu Li was canonized as the daughter of Xie Cheng, the commander of the Taiyuan Weidu (Marquis of Yongping), the king of Jin, as the princess of Jin. This wedding was grand and grand, highlighting Zhu Li's status and dignity in the country.
Although Zhu Ligui is the prince of the prince, his father Zhu Yuanzhang's strict requirements make him unable to relax for a moment. In April of the eighth year of Hongwu, after the birth of Zhu Jixi, the eldest son of the king of Jin, the prince was ordered to lead the king of Qin, the king of Jin, the king of Chu and his nephew King Jingjiang to the central capital for military exercises.
In February of the following year, King Gengzi and King Yan of Qin went to Fengyang again to experience the hardships of the people, and the crown prince led the sacrifice to the founding heroes to prepare for the feudal domain. At this time, Zhu Li was eighteen years old, and history records that he was beautiful and beautiful, dignified, and resourceful.
In the play, this year, the King of Jin and the King of Yan had a competition, and the King of Yan Zhu Di took the lead, but was shot by an arrow by the King of Jin, the horse was frightened and fell, Zhu Di still fought on foot, and finally won the banner of the King of Jin.
Zhu Biao led everyone to celebrate Zhu Di, but Zhu Li was very jealous of the defeat, and he became angry at the soldiers and even broke the teacups.
I am the eldest son of King Jin Gong, and I have lost my loving mother since I was a child. I received personal education from Emperor Taizu Gao and Empress Xiaoci Gao, and in the end, I was able to achieve something, all thanks to their training. ”
Before leaving Beijing, Zhu Yuanzhang especially told Zhu Li to be full of love and tolerance for the people of Taiyuan, because the people of Taiyuan suffered greatly from maladministration in the pre-Yuan period, and at the same time made great efforts to supply his army, and should be respected and cared for by them.
Zhu Yuanzhang warned Zhu Li to pay attention to health preservation and not to disturb them because of non-urgent tasks. However, Zhu Li whipped his cook on the way because the food was not delicious, which made Zhu Yuanzhang very angry.
He hurriedly wrote an edict and sent a fast horse to catch up with Zhu Li and give him a serious education. After Zhu Li realized his father's well-informed, he began to restrain his behavior.
He went to Taiyuan to take up his duties, but on the way he whipped the chef. Zhu Yuanzhang immediately wrote to warn him that the army he led was fighting to quell the trouble, and it was by no means to appease and nurture traitors.
Moreover, only the chef Xu Xingzu served by his side for 23 years and was never insulted. This is enough to prove that resentment is not about the size of the matter, the key is how to deal with it.
Is he the king of Cyprus who was carefully taught by Zhu Yuanzhang, or a tyrant who intends to rebel? The Qinlu of Emperor Taizu is an original manuscript of the Ming Dynasty in the collection of the Qing Palace, which records 106 holy decrees from the 11th to the 31st year of Hongwu, of which 96 were edicts or secret decrees personally conveyed by Zhu Yuanzhang to the King of Jin, and the language is straightforward and easy to understand.
Historians believe that this book originated from the archives of the Jin Dynasty's Governor's History Division, earlier than Zhu Di's revision of the "Ming Taizu Records", in which many of the "Ming History" and "Ming Records" were not recorded or tampered with, which is a precious first-hand information to complete the history of the early Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Li heard that the prince had fallen out of favor, and selfishly thought that the throne was promising, so he prepared privately, and was later discovered and punished by Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Li went to the prince to explain, but the prince told him that it was the fourth brother who slandered him in front of his father, so he had a bad relationship with Zhu Di.
Later, when Zhu Di returned to Beijing, he fell ill, and Zhu Li took this opportunity to taunt him, wanting him to fall ill quickly.
Zhu Li often wrote to Zhu Biao that King Yan was plotting rebellion, and Zhu Di was very helpless and didn't understand why the prince hated him so much. Zhu Di served his brother cautiously and thought that he had done nothing wrong, but the prince did not listen to his words at all, but disgusted him even more.
The king of Jin befriended the crown prince, and also befriended courtiers to build momentum for him, and sent a detailed work day and night to search for Zhu Di's faults, and then handed them over to Zhu Biao. In "The Hard Story of Fengtian Jing", Zhu Li and Zhu Biaochang jointly framed Zhu Di to set off Zhu Di's friendship and courtesy, which was actually forced by him.
However, the many holy decrees of Zhu Yuanzhang reprimanding the vassal kings for their lawlessness included in the "Qinlu of Emperor Taizu" do not contain any of Zhu Li's intention to rebel. Zhu Di later thought that he didn't believe these black materials after reading them, and the throne was already stable, so most of them were deleted in the "Records of Ming Taizu", and only said that Zhu Li "looked forward to having a prestige and a lot of wisdom, so that he was sick and dropped out of the dynasty for three days in grief", erasing the merits of King Jin and slandering together.
Is Zhu Li brutal? Don't overlook the details of history. It is recorded in "The Difficult Record of Fengtian Jing" that Zhu Li was suspicious, extravagant, and notorious, and liked to play with military power and kill people without permission.
One day, when he had nothing to do, he led the army to besiege the village, just to entertain the innocent people, and also raised vicious dogs to eat people, causing a large number of people.
If the ministers dared to admonish, they would be beaten by him. The Qing Dynasty's "History of the Ming Dynasty" also adopted the relevant records in the "Fengtian Jing Difficult Record", indicating that Zhu Li had an arrogant personality and had many illegal acts when he was in the country, and some people even accused him of a rebellion conspiracy, and the emperor was furious and wanted to convict him, but the prince struggled to save him from punishment.
In the twenty-fourth year, the prince returned from a tour of Shaanxi, and Zhu Li also followed the prince to Beijing to meet him, and the emperor issued an edict to let him return to the domain. Since then, he has changed his attitude, treated his subordinates politely, and is known for his respectful and cautious attitude.
As long as you read and ** with your heart, the truth of history will always surface, and Zhu Yuanzhang's strict requirements and guidance for Zhu Li can be seen. Zhu Yuanzhang will personally blame for the mistakes of small things, but for major things such as indiscriminate killing and rebellion, why is there no edict from him?
According to the record of Emperor Taizu, "It is said that the king of Jin knew that the army and horses of the capital division were camped in Tiancheng, and the king personally went to promote, without having to travel far, and stopped traveling forty miles a day, one journey at a time, and built the house where you rested in advance, and the soldiers would beat grass when they put their horses, and in the evening the army would pick up a load, and the horses would carry a load, and the army would carry sixty catties of grass and two hundred catties of horses." These details may be Zhu Yuanzhang's way and principle of handling major events.
After Zhu Li's lack of training, he was left deputy imperial Shi Yuan Tai**, so he asked Zhan Hui, the imperial history of the left capital, and Shang Shuru of the military department for help. However, his behavior was reported to Zhu Yuanzhang by Jin Yiwei, causing Zhu Yuanzhang to be both angry and worried.
Zhu Yuanzhang pointed out that Zhu Li should be more cautious so as not to leak secrets. He criticized Zhu Li for his lack of wisdom and strategy, and was like his brother Zhu Qin who was bewitched by women.
He warned Zhu Li that if he didn't think it through, he wouldn't be able to do things well. Although Zhu Yuanzhang's criticism of Zhu Li was very harsh, he still hoped that he could learn a lesson from it and improve his ability.
Zhu Yuanzhang criticized Zhu Li for being too aggressive and easy to be ambushed by others. Although Zhu Li made some small mistakes, he never made big mistakes, which was different from the arrogant and domineering generations such as the acting king, the king of Lu, the king of Zhou, and the king of Qin.
And Zhu Yuanzhang wants to convict Zhu Li, fortunately Zhu Biao interceded for him, but the background of this incident is very similar to the illegal template of King Qin, if you want to know more, you can read the article Zhu Fan and his wife I wrote earlier.
According to the records of "Ming Taizu Shilu" and "Qin Lu", in November of the 23rd year of Hongwu, Zhu Li did return to Beijing with Zhu Biao, but he was not arrested for breaking the law, but attended his son's wedding.
In February of the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu, Zhu Li returned to Taiyuan and was not slandered by Zhu Di. In addition, Zhu Li commanded more soldiers and horses than Zhu Di, Dingyuan Marquis Wang Bi once went to Shanxi to train troops, and the emperor ordered him to hand over Shanxi's soldiers and horses to Zhu Li's command.
At the same time, the commander of the Henan Metropolitan was also sent to follow the northern expedition of Zhou Wu, the Marquis of Xiongwu, and he also had to obey Zhu Li's command.
The highlight of the Hongwu Dynasty is undoubtedly Zhu Di's successful surrender of the Northern Yuan Dynasty. This feat is undoubtedly the credit of King Yan. However, in "The Hard Story of Fengtianjing", Zhu Di shamelessly took this credit for himself, and also smeared the prince and the king of Jin.
In addition, there was also a conflict between the crown prince and the king of Jin because of this matter. In the spring of the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang personally led his troops to the north and successfully obtained Naier Buhua, tens of thousands of people, and countless sheep and horses.
However, the king of Jin was jealous of Zhu Yuanzhang's merits and sent someone to report to the crown prince that Zhu Yuanzhang did not obey the constraints. The crown prince took this opportunity to frame King Yan and obtained the treasure of the captive horse for himself.
However, Zhu Yuanzhang did not listen to these rumors, but was overjoyed, thinking that it was King Yan who cleared the desert, and he no longer had to worry about the north.
The Records of Ming Taizu vividly recorded the resourcefulness and courage of King Yan, who skillfully subdued Naier Buhua and made great contributions to the country. At the same time, the king of Jin was also building a large number of cities, but he was sent to blame.
King Yan went out of the fortress to raise his might, went deep into the court, cleared the desert, and established a great military exploit. However, the historians deliberately erased the exploits of King Jin and only recorded the contributions of King Yan.
However, in the "Actual Record", we found a loophole, on March 14, the 23rd year of Hongwu, he gave the king of Jin 1 million ingots. This proves that no matter how history records, everyone who has contributed to the country deserves a fair evaluation.
On February 10, the 23rd year of Hongwu, I told the King of Jin that if the Mabu officers and troops originally transferred from Shanxi had not yet set off, they should not set off. When the crown prince appeared, he inspected the city and found that all the troops were waiting in the nearby plains, with a large number of horses and a strong army. ”
Now, we can understand that King Jin returned to his division to greet the crown prince, not to retreat because of timidity. Building the city is also Zhu Yuanzhang's request, not to waste money and labor.
Zhu Di skillfully showed that he was destined to return to heaven by dwarfing the third brother, which made him painstaking. In the existing "Collection of Xianyuan Rui", we can see Zhu Chun's "Book with the Jin Mansion".
In this letter, he wrote: "Congratulations to His Royal Highness the King of Jin, I heard that you were ordered by your father to march north and destroy the remaining enemy army. This is the result of your sensible policy of appeasement. ”
However, Zhu Chun is far away in Sichuan, how did he learn about these news? The answer was obvious, he must have seen it in the newspaper. The imperial court reported the news of the victory of the Jin king's northern expedition in the newspaper, and Zhu Chuncai wrote a letter to congratulate him.
If the King of Jin had returned timidly during the Northern Expedition and had been reprimanded, wouldn't Zhu Chun's congratulations be self-deprecating? So, why didn't Zhu Chun congratulate King Yan on his surrender to Na'er Buhua?
Through these details, we can see that the so-called King Yan's purging of the desert is nothing more than a lie made up by Zhu Di after he usurped the throne.
The important role in the Lanyu case lies in the fact that Zhu Di, the king of Yan, was in charge of Jinyiwei in "Mountains, Rivers and Moonlight" and handled a number of cases for Zhu Yuanzhang. Although the history records the King of Jin, the specific process is preserved in the "Qin Lu".
Zhu Li did many things for Zhu Yuanzhang in his early years, such as the ninth day of the ninth month of the 20th year of Hongwu, Han Yu, who was a member of the house, brought a holy decree and said: "Those who have committed serious crimes will be nailed, and those who have committed minor crimes will be abolished, and they will be abolished", on September 14, the 25th year of Hongwu, Yang Baoqin, the internal envoy, was ordered to go to Shanxi to buy eagle dogs, and those who raised eagle dogs would receive a heavy reward of 20 ingots, and Zhu Li personally allocated funds.
On the 13th day of the 12th month of the 25th year of Hongwu, the internal envoy Yu Xigong Qin issued a holy decree: "In the future, if there is a wicked person, no matter who it is, as long as it is caught, it will be abolished, and in March of the 26th year of Hongwu, the internal envoy Huang 13 was ordered to inform the king of Jin of the news of the rebellion of the meritorious heroes, and asked him to personally lead the troops out of the fortress, especially in the ranks to pay attention to guarding against the Hu people.
Zhu Yuanzhang appointed Zhu Yunwen as the emperor's grandson in the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu, but he was worried that he would not be able to control Lan Yu and other heroes and generals of the prince's team. Soon after, in February of the 26th year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang created the case of Lanyu's "anti-party" and killed the first duke, the thirteenth marquis, the second uncle, and more than 15,000 people on a large scale.
So, how did Zhu Yuanzhang successfully wipe out the generals with heavy troops? Many nobles did not put up any resistance when faced with butcher knives. In fact, Zhu Di had no idea about this, and Zhu Li, the king of Jin, played a key role.
He wittily and secretly arrested a number of heroes who led the soldiers and sent them to Nanjing for disposal.
Among Zhu Yuanzhang's sons of Zhu Biao, Zhu Li's most trust was Zhu Li, and after he was canonized as the emperor's grandson, he began to let the nobles go to Shanxi to train their troops, so that they were exhausted.
Then on February 19, the 26th year of Hongwu, he suddenly asked Hao Jin, a hundred households of Jinyi Wei, to convey a secret decree to the king of Jin: "General Lan rebelled through the avant-garde command of the government army, thousands of households, hundreds of households, general banners, and small banners, and has been executed by Ling Chi."
The king of Jin needed to bring in the people sent by the king with Hao, and put Ning Hou and his son to death, and their family members were to be abolished, and the women were handed over to the Jin government to be armed. There are many horses in the Dongsheng army, so be careful with the secrecy and don't give orders there.
Chin this. After receiving the order, Zhu Li immediately took action and arrested Ling Chi with a number of commanders and Zhang Wen, the Marquis of Huining, and his family and his family. The following was the beginning of March.
Five, ten. 3. On the 17th, the King of Jin successively received secret decrees to arrest Dongguan Bo He Zhen and 34 commanders.
On March 23, the 26th year of Hongwu, the second brother of Cheng Liu came with a will to remind the king of Jin that he intended to make trouble, and asked him not to go out of the fortress at will, and to be thoughtful.
The guards and horses are more rotated, one shift per hour, and the clothes and armor do not leave the body, often determined by thousands. On the 24th, the envoy Nie and the concubine Mei Yin came with a holy decree: "He said that he knew with the king, and cut down the three marquis, cut down all the men in his family, and handed over the family wealth and women to the king's house."
On May 14, he was appointed to the first uncle of Hui and the marquis of Anqing, both of which were abolished. Marquis Fengxiang and Marquis Yongping, send it back early. Chin this. He also ordered Cheng Peng to go to Beijing to return to King Qijin: "The founding prince and the men of the Yanshan Hou family are all abolished, and the wife and child are there to match people, and they are here." ”
Zhu Yuanzhang was able to quickly eliminate the Lan Yuxungui group, in which Zhu Li played an important role.
Greed for a while, tragedy is coming. Although Zhu Li, the king of Jin, has made small mistakes, he has never made big mistakes, which is why Zhu Yuanzhang values him. However, Zhu Li's status has improved after the Lanyu case, and he can't help but feel a little greedy in his heart.
He began to think about whether it was possible for him to become the crown prince and whether he could make his son Zhu Jixi the crown prince. However, these thoughts eventually made him regret it for the rest of his life. Zhu Jixi is the eldest grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang after Zhu Xiongying's early death, and he is two years older than Zhu Yunwen.
He lost his mother when he was a child and was raised by Queen Ma. After Zhu Yuanzhang canonized him as the emperor's grandson, he kept urging Zhu Li to bring his son back to Taiyuan, but Zhu Li turned a blind eye to this.
On April 17, the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang gave Zhu Li an ultimatum: "Now that the son has grown up, the father and son should be replaced, if you are not obedient, leave the son in Beijing, and there will be no one in charge of the army. ”
However, Zhu Li still turned a deaf ear, which led to the tragedy.
Zhu Yuanzhang suspected that Zhu Chongba had deceived the third king of Jin, and was worried that he would join forces with Xungui to seize the throne of Yunwen after his death. In order to avoid this from happening, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to take action.
Soon after, the envoy Xiao Donkey sent the book of the prince Zhu Jixi to the King of Jin, and the letter mentioned that Zhu Yuanzhang gave Zhu Jixi a decree to let the Marquis of An Lu and the Governor of Shang come back, and promised not to kill them, and that the grandfather and the Marquis of Fengxiang were fine, and they could return to Beijing together.
However, although the letter said that Xie Cheng and Fu Youde were fine, in fact, Zhu Yuanzhang still broke his promise, gave them death for no reason, and cut the grass to the roots, so as to completely cut off Zhu Li's thoughts.
After the death of King Jin, Zhu Yuanzhang was very fond of the third child and gave him earnest teaching and severe criticism, but he still insisted that the country could only be sat by the old family. Although Zhu Li did his best to his father's orders, due to a little suspicion and potential danger, his relatives were exterminated, which brought him great mental pressure, and eventually led to his death at the age of 41, nicknamed Gong.
Zhu Yuanzhang was so grief-stricken that he personally wrote a memorial message, and died three months later. Zhu Yuanzhang was satisfied with this, because there was no longer a threat in the DPRK and China, and the local ** also checked and balanced each other, which could ensure the carefree of the imperial grandson.
However, he didn't expect the young and powerful third to walk in front of him, although he was already in his seventies, but King Yan was no longer controlled, and infighting was inevitable.
If Zhu Li had not died early, would Zhu Di, the king of Yan, be able to successfully launch the Jingjing? This is highly unlikely. Zhu Li had been tasked with keeping an eye on the King of Yan, and the military horses of the King of Jin under his control posed a threat to the King of Yan.
Even if the King of Yan and the King of Jin joined forces to resist, given the Jin King's superiority in terms of talent, prestige, and order, he was more likely to become the emperor.
Why did Zhu Di slander Zhu Li? In order to strengthen his legitimacy, he needs to establish himself as the most suitable person. To achieve this, he needed to discredit his brothers, especially the kings of Qin and Jin.
He made up the story that Lao Zhu wanted to make him the crown prince in order to prove that he was the most suitable candidate. In addition, he had a personal vendetta with Zhu Li, as Zhu Li often bullied him and ridiculed him during the pilgrimage.
He once ordered his subordinates to pick the fruits of the king of Yan and rob the sheep and horses of the king of Yan. Everything he is doing now is to avenge this.
As the eldest grandson of the imperial concubine, Zhu Jixi is favored and is the eldest grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang. However, in the twelfth year of Yongle, Zhu Di took advantage of the infighting in the Jin Mansion to directly deprive Zhu Jixi of his prince and depose him as a concubine.
Although Zhu Jixi is not both civil and military, his performance is still decent, and he has a decisive influence on the border army, and he is an important figure that Zhu Yuanzhang relies on and trusts.
This is the real side of him.
Tonight's "Mountains, Rivers and Moonlight" tells a touching brotherhood, and King Jin's entrustment to Zhu Di before his death is moving. If Zhu Li in history knew such a deep friendship between them, he would definitely laugh out loud.