Bezoar Compendium of Materia Medica Natural bezoar.
A miraculous Chinese medicine. Because of its miraculous effect, and the production is scarce, it has been regarded as a holy medicine since ancient times, and its value is quite high, and there has always been a saying that "the gods of the world, all medicines are beyond reach", "a thousand gold is easy to obtain, and the bezoar is hard to find".
According to the quality of modern bezoars from low to high: artificial bezoars, in vitro cultivated bezoars, natural bezoars, and cultivated bezoars, the first natural bezoars have exceeded one million yuan.
This series of articles collects the relevant style of the bezoar from the past dynasties and various legends, classics, historical materials, etc., and strives to vividly and comprehensively show the past and present life of the bezoar, so that you have a deeper understanding of the bezoar.
The red font below is the original text of the "Compendium of Materia Medica", and the others are explained by the author.
Bezoar. This scripture is on the top.
At the beginning, it is said that the bezoar is listed as the top grade in the "Shennong Materia Medica", and it should be known that the explanation of the top grade in the "Shennong Materia Medica" is "one hundred and twenty kinds of medicine for the king, the lord raises life to respond to the sky, non-toxic, and does not hurt people if you take it for a long time." Those who want to lose weight and benefit their qi and prolong their lives are in this scripture. ”
Title] Ugly Treasure.
The records of each drug in the Compendium of Materia Medica are generally divided into "interpretation of names" (listing aliases and explaining the meaning of naming), "collection of explanations" (introduction of drug production, form, harvesting, etc.), "identification" (or "right and wrong", a collection of theories, distinguishing and correcting drug doubts), and "repair" (cannon burning methods)."Smell" (description of medicinal properties), "Indications" (efficacy), "Invention" (theories of medicinal properties, key points of medication, etc., mostly the author's personal opinions), "Prescriptions" (listing diseases, attaching relevant prescriptions), etc.
This interpretation is not difficult to understand, the ox is ugly in the zodiac, and the bezoar is a treasure, so it is called "ugly treasure".
Collected Explanation] Don't Record" said Niu Huang Shenglongxi and Jindi, especially Niu gall in it, that is, dry in the shade for a hundred days, no order to see the sun and moonlight.
The book called "Beilu" has a comprehensive classified catalogue book with a title and a solution to the problem written by the Western Han Dynasty, not a medical book, and the "Beilu" mentioned here is obviously not this book.
The "Catalogue of Materia Medica" contained in the "Catalogue of Alternative Records" is the abbreviation of "Catalogue of Famous Doctors", this original book has been lost, most of them are believed to be written by Liang Tao Hongjing of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (doubtful), Li Shizhen hereby quotes his record about the bezoar: the bezoar is produced in Gansu and Shanxi, obtained in the gall bladder, and it needs to be dried for 100 days.
It is said that when a cow dies, it is yellow into the gall, like a chicken yellow.
"Pu" here refers to Wu Pu of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, the author of "Wu Pu Materia Medica" also known as "Wu's Materia Medica", here is the record of the bezoar in the book, that the ox died after the yellow into the gall, like the egg yolk thing.
Hongjing said that there are people who roar in and out of the old cloud sacred cow, and there is light in night vision to walk into the horns of the cow, and spit it out with basin water, that is, it falls into the water. Now there are many people who have the courage to get it. One son is as big as a chicken yellow, overlapping each other.
The most expensive medicine is not to be repeated. One son and three or two points, the good ones are worth five or six thousand to ten thousand. More than Liangzhou and Yizhou.
Hongjing refers to Tao Hongjing, the author of the "Famous Doctor's Record" mentioned above, but it is generally said that Hongjing refers to his "Shennong's Materia Medica", which is here. In the past, it was said that when the sacred cow went in and out, there was a bezoar that roared, and this kind of cow looked bright at night, and the bezoar would enter the horns of the cow, and the water in a basin would make the cow spit out the bezoar. Now most of the bezoars are taken from the beef gall bladder, one is the size of an egg yolk, and the bezoar is the most expensive in medicine, there is no one.
Gong said that the bezoar is now out of Laizhou, Mizhou, Zizhou, Qingzhou, Zhou, and Rongzhou. If the ox has yellow, it will roar more, and those who drink and get it are called yellow, the best. There are three kinds of yellow: scattered yellow grains, such as hemp and beans; Yellow like yellow paste in chicken eggs, between the liver and gallbladder; Round yellow for the block, the shape has a size, and in the liver and gallbladder. Most of them are born in special cattle, and their cattle have not heard of yellow.
Gong refers to Su Jing in the Song Dynasty, and Su Jing changed "respect" to "Gong" because he avoided the name of Zhao Jing, the grandfather of Zhao Kuangyin, the Taizu of the Song Dynasty, so he was also known as Su Gong. Su Jing is not a medical officer, but he is proficient in Materia Medica, and is the editor-in-chief of the book "New Revision of Materia Medica", known as "Tang Materia Medica", which is known as the world's earliest pharmacopoeia. According to Su Jing's statement: the bezoar is mostly produced in the first place of Jiaodong, Shandong, and Tao Hongjing's statement is the same, most of the cattle with the bezoar will roar, the cow is shouted and forced to spit out the bezoar called raw yellow (Shenhuang) is the best, the bezoar is divided into three kinds, scattered yellow, diffuse yellow, round yellow, this classification is similar to the modern bile yellow, tube yellow saying, and only special cattle can produce bezoar, ordinary cattle have not heard of bezoar.
Song said, today out of Deng, Laizhou. There may be other places, but it is not very good. Where the ox is yellow, there is light at night, and the eyes are like blood, and they roar again and again, and they are afraid of people. And it shines on the water, and the man bears it in a basin of water, and waits for it to spit it out, but he is forced to drink, and he falls into the water, and obtains a hundred days of dryness. A son is as big as a chicken, overlapping can be folded, light and fragrant. However, there are many people who are hypocritical, and the method is tried but rubbed on the hand armor, and the one who penetrates the armor is true.
Song refers to Su Song in the Song Dynasty, Su Song and his contemporaries Zhang Yuxi, Lin Yi and other editors supplemented the book "Jiayou Supplement Materia Medica", corrected and published "Urgent Preparation of Qianjinfang" and "Shennong Materia Medica", on this basis, he independently compiled 21 volumes of "Materia Medica".
Su Song's "Book of Sketches" in the record of the bezoar: the bezoar is produced in Jiaodong, Shandong Province is better than other places, and it is also said that the cow has a bezoar after the body looks glowing at night, the eyes are red, often roaring, more afraid of people, this kind of cow likes to shine on the water, and when it spits out the bezoar according to the water, shouting and forcing it to spit into the water basin, it can be obtained in 100 days of drying, "overlapping can be revealed" and the modern bezoar has concentric layers similar, and it is said that the bezoar with light deficiency and aroma is better. At the same time, a method of detecting authenticity is said, which is the same as the modern saying of hanging armor.
Lei said: There are four kinds of people who drink and get it, and the name is Shenhuang; Kill the one who wins in the horn, and the horn is yellow; After the death of the cow, the heart is yellow, and the heart is yellow, and the heart is like yellow syrup juice at the beginning, and it is thrown into the water when it is obtained, and the water is hard, such as crushed tribulus terrestris and beans and emperor beads; The winner of the liver and gallbladder is called liver yellow, and most of them are not as good as raw yellow.
Lei refers to the Lei of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, for the originator of the concoction, later generations called Lei Gong (not the famous doctor Lei Gong of the Yellow Emperor period), the author of the book "Lei Gong Concoction Theory", the book recorded: the bezoar is divided into four kinds, the previous said that the spitting in the water is the best, and there are horn yellow, heart yellow, liver yellow, etc.
Zong said that the bezoar is relaxed and naturally slightly fragrant. Xirong has a bezoar, which is firm but not fragrant. There is also camel yellow, which is very easy to obtain, and can also be chaotic, so it must not be judged.
Zong refers to Kou Zongzao in the Song Dynasty, who was a county official in Lizhou (Li County, Hunan). During the period of Zhenghe (1111-1117), he served as a medical officer, and taught Naorou Tong, who was proficient in medical science, especially in materia medica. He is the author of three volumes of "Materia Medica". His record of the bezoar is relatively simple: he said the appearance and aroma of the bezoar, and at the same time said that the bezoar in Xirong (now **, Yunnan) is hard but has no aroma, it should be produced by consuming cattle, and he said that there are more camel yellows, and it is necessary to pay attention to the use of camel yellow fake bezoars.
Repair] said that all use, single pounding and fine grinding like dust, silk wrapping, wrapped in yellow tender cowhide, hanging in the well for a night, go to the water three or four feet, take it tomorrow morning.
The record of the processing of bezoar in the Compendium of Materia Medica is similar to that in the "Treatise on the Processing of Lei Gong": the bezoar is ground into a fine powder, wrapped in silk cloth, then wrapped in yellow cowhide, hung in the well three or four feet away from the water for one night, and then used again the next day.
Smell] bitter, flat, slightly poisonous.
Rihua is said to be sweet and cool.
It is said that it is non-toxic.
It is said that ginseng is the messenger of it. Get peonies, calamus, ears and eyes. Evil keel, gentian, rehmannia, Changshan, cockroach, fear of oxknee, dry paint.
Shi Zhen said that "Don't Record" said that Niu Huang is evil gentian, and Qian Yi treats children's acute convulsions, and cold fright pills and musk pills are used for both purposes, what is it? Gentian treats epilepsy, antipyretic and insecticidal, which is similar to the main treatment of bezoar, and also liver meridian medicine, which should not be evil.
Indications] epilepsy, cold and fever, fever and madness, exorcism of evil spirits ("Benjing").
Treat children's diseases, epilepsy fever, can't open the mouth, adults go crazy, and abortion. Wear for a long time, light weight and increase years, which is unforgettable ("Don't Record").
The Lord suffered a stroke, lost his voice and was silent, the woman's blood was silent and terrified, and she was sick and forgetful and weak ("Rihua").
Requiem, warding off evil spirits, sudden evil, children's night cry (Zhen Quan).
It is good for the liver and gallbladder to fix the spirit, remove heat, stop convulsion and dysentery, dispel evil qi, and remove all kinds of diseases (Si Miao).
Purify the heart and dissolve heat, benefit phlegm and cool shock (Ningyuan).
Acne purple, available for those who go berserk (Shi Zhen. out of Wang's side).
Invention] Li Gao said that the bezoar enters the liver and cures tendon disease. Whoever has a stroke and gets into the organs, he must use the agent of cow, male, brain, and musk deer to enter the bone marrow and penetrate the skin to draw the wind out. If the wind and blood vessels use it, it is afraid that the wind evil will flow into the bone marrow, such as oil into the face, and it will not be able to come out. Correct. Because its disease is between the heart and the liver and gallbladder, it coagulates into yellow, so it can also treat heart and liver and gallbladder diseases. Just like a person's drenching stone, it can be reinvigorated to cure drenching.
According to the "History of the Song Dynasty" Yun Zongze knew Laizhou, and the messenger took the bezoar. Zeyun Fang spring plague, cattle drink its poison and turn yellow. Today's harmony is popular, and there is no yellow cow. Looking at this, yellow is a cattle disease, especially a symptom.
Regarding the "History of the Song Dynasty" record of Zong Ze's post-event about the bezoar, I will write a special article to talk about it, which will be skipped here.
P.S. Side] Old Four, New Four. Three days of birth to frighten evil, ward off evil spirits with bezoars and beans, red honey such as sour dates, grind evenly, dip the cotton to make the child suck it, and the day is exhausted. (Yao and Zhongfang).
Seven days of mouth silence bezoar for the end, with light bamboo drain a word, poured it. It is also dripped with pig milk. (The Grace of God).
For those who have fetal fever or yellow body with a real bean, add honey to the ointment, the milk melts, and drip in the mouth from time to time. If the appearance is untrue, do not take it too much ("Qian's Children's Fang").
Chewing the tongue with epilepsy, looking up at the bean, bezoar, Xu Yan, and honey water. (Guangli Fang).
Children are frightened Children accumulate heat and hair, talk wildly in their sleep, and want to be frightened. Six points of bezoar, five coins of cinnabar, and the same research. Grind the juice with rhino horn and adjust it for a penny. (The General Commentary).
Abdominal pain and night crying, bezoar, a small bean, milk to take. The word "still calligraphy" is under the umbilicus. (The Grace of God).
Acne black trap two bezoars, one cinnabar, grinding. Soak the rouge in honey, take the juice and adjust it, one a day. (Wang's "Acne Prescription").
The above is the original text of the "Compendium of Materia Medica", "smell", "indication", "invention", "prescription" and so on involve medical knowledge, which will not be explained here.
In the next section, we will talk about the record of the bezoar in "Dream of Red Mansions", one of the four famous novels.