Khrushchev wanted10,000 Chinese workers, ** responded skillfully
On the eve of the National Day in 1954, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev led a delegation to visit China. However, during the visit, Khrushchev raised a difficult issue and demanded that China send a million workers to the Siberian region of the Soviet Union for labor and development.
One million is a huge population for any country, so we have to think carefully about how to deal with it. His response was both tough and ingenious.
As an important representative of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev's visit to China in 1954 marked the official beginning of the "honeymoon period" between China and the Soviet Union. Although China had reservations about some of the Soviet proposals, it responded more tactfully.
More importantly, the Soviet Union provided China with large-scale economic construction during this year, which greatly promoted China's infrastructure development. In addition, Khrushchev's change from the norm and encouragement of exchanges and cooperation between the Soviet Union and China in a wider range of fields, from the official to the non-governmental, also had a far-reaching impact on the development of Sino-Soviet relations.
** Gave a good impression of Khrushchev's first meeting, saying that they "could talk." However, during his visit to China, Khrushchev did some unexpected things, for example, on October 9, 1954, the Luda Municipal Committee received a secret telegram from Beijing, saying that Khrushchev and his entourage were going to visit Luda and needed to arrange reception specifications in advance to ensure the safety of the Soviet Fuhrer.
After several days of detailed preparations, on October 13, Guo Shushen, the first secretary of the Luda Municipal Party Committee, and Song Li, the mayor of Luda, personally came to the airport to greet them, and they were already waiting on the tarmac when the plane landed 10 minutes away.
After 10 minutes of waiting, people still could not find any trace of Khrushchev's plane, and their hearts became more and more anxious, and they urgently sought confirmation from Beijing. However, Beijing's reply was that the plane had already left the capital airport, and by this time, it should have landed at Zhoushuizi airport.
When they heard the news, the people in charge of the reception panicked, because if there was any accident with the plane, the United States might take the opportunity to incite all kinds of false statements.
At the same time, the Soviets received the news, they were equally anxious, they did not know what was wrong with the head of their country, but in the absence of a clear conclusion, no one dared to make any guesses.
* The bell rang, breaking the silence of the Soviet military airfield in Tuchengzi, Lushunkou. Khrushchev, after the plane arrived over the University, suddenly decided to land at this airfield, which brought an unexpected "surprise attack" to the airfield.
The airport was at a loss, and Guo Shushen led the team to rush to the airport, only to see that Khrushchev had left in a military jeep. Khrushchev's sudden visit forced the Chinese personnel to strengthen their perimeter vigilance.
However, Khrushchev, who stayed in a luxury hotel, seemed unconcerned.
Khrushchev's trip to China, whether it was him, or the personnel in charge of policing and service, and even *** encountered some ironic conditions.
In the process, the guards were nervous, and the hotel attendant hurriedly reported Khrushchev's disappearance, and Khrushchev was eventually found sleeping soundly in a small bed, all of which made people feel both amused and helpless.
In their meeting with ***, they discussed a wide range of topics, but the most important was the Soviet Union's economic assistance to New China. After arriving in Beijing, Khrushchev also began to focus on the study of China's problems, because China's population was larger than that of the Soviet Union, and the climate was milder, so how to effectively solve the employment problem naturally became the main concern of the ruling party.
In this conversation, Khrushchev remembered a question that Comrade Stalin asked *** back then: "After crossing the Yangtze River, why did you not attack Shanghai at an early date?" ”
The response was: "The 6 million people there needed to solve the food problem, but we didn't have enough food at the time. This meeting gave Khrushchev a new understanding of the population problem, which gave rise to "a good idea."
"I just went to a seaside city called Vladivostok, which is a nice place built on a hill," he said. However, the city is currently deserted, except for the fleet of our garrison.
The Soviets were reluctant to go there, and it was sparsely populated. By comparison, your population is as large as 400 million. We can help each other in this regard. "* The Chairman apparently understood what Khrushchev was saying and was surprised to hear.
Nevertheless, he wanted Khrushchev to explain directly, so he asked: "What does this mean?" "Also present were *** and *** and others, who were all waiting for Khrushchev's reply.
Khrushchev replied thoughtfully: "At the moment I have not discussed this idea with the members of the Presidium of the CPSU, but I think it is a viable option." In this way, our two countries can unite more closely and achieve common development. ”
Khrushchev took a sip of tea and came up with a bold idea: "We can recruit a million laborers from China and let them go to Siberia to develop forest resources."
This will not only help China solve the problem of unemployment, but also promote the development of Siberia. This proposal caused contemplation on the spot, and everyone considered the feasibility of this proposal from different angles.
Mikoyan remembered that Stalin drove the Chinese inhabitants of Vladivostok back to China 20 years ago, and could not help but have doubts about Khrushchev's ideas. Although there is merit in Khrushchev's ideas, he seems to ignore the social dimension and simply dismiss the population as a cold number.
Khrushchev's decision needs to be carefully considered, after all, *** came from the countryside and led the CCP through countless difficulties to achieve the great cause of nation-building. Many ordinary people survived that difficult period and are now contributing to the development of New China.
Very knowledgeable about this. Moreover, many railways in Canada were bought by the Chinese with hard sweat, and China was not rich enough at that time, and it was helpless to be bullied.
Now, a brand-new China has been established, and from the social level, it is natural not to allow such a thing to happen again.
Comrade Khrushchev, for a long time, the West's view of China has been poor and backward, and if we accept your proposal, how will I explain it to the Chinese people and the democratic parties? ”
In addition, after the implementation of the "one-sided" policy in those years, the democratic parties had doubts about it, and on the Korean battlefield, hundreds of thousands of outstanding Chinese sons and daughters gave their lives, including my son Mao Anying.
If we send another million young people to Siberia, we will run into difficulties in our own efforts to revive our own life.
After listening to ***'s explanation, Khrushchev did not feel good in his heart, he paid too much attention to the interests of the Soviet Union and did not fully consider the actual situation in China. The topic of a million laborers embarrassed Khrushchev and made *** feel a little unhappy.
After the dinner, Khrushchev hastily ended the event and went back to rest early. He may have felt embarrassed and wanted to push it again. At the residence, he summoned Mikoyan and Bulganin, who accompanied him, and asked everyone to brainstorm and think of a solution together.
Almost all those present disagreed with Khrushchev's proposal, especially Mikoyan, who directly pointed out that the ** people had a deep-rooted Great Russian culture and a sense of Slavic superiority, and therefore were reluctant to bring in a large number of foreign laborers.
Mikoyan also analyzed the social problems after the introduction of a large number of laborers, which Khrushchev somewhat regretted. At that time, *** seemed to see the thoughts of the people around Khrushchev, but as the leader of a country, he also had to take into account the situation of Soviet aid to China.
On October 11, ** met Khrushchev again.
** Make it clear to Khrushchev that after research, China has decided to agree to send labor to Siberia. However, Khrushchev was troubled by this proposal, since it was made by him himself, and now he has decided to oppose it after careful consideration.
As a superpower, Khrushchev's words were of great importance, and he could not easily change his position. Ultimately, Khrushchev said he believed that the Chinese should build their country well, so he did not want the proposal to cause difficulties for China.
If China thinks the proposal will hurt the Chinese people, it will treat it as if it never been made.
** Signed an agreement with Bulganin for the Soviet Union to recruit 200,000 laborers from China to work in Siberia. In the end, however, only 7,000 laborers from one county in Hebei were sent to work in the Soviet Union and assigned to three enterprises.
Although it was planned to recruit 1 million workers at the beginning, it was decided to accept only 200,000 workers due to logistical inconsistency.
1.The warmth and meticulousness with which the Soviet Union received the Chinese workers made them, who had been worried, relieved of their worries and felt friendly and comfortable when they arrived at their destination.
2.The Soviet Union's welcoming meeting for the Chinese workers, and the subsequent corporate activities, not only pleased the Chinese workers, but also gave them a taste of the warmth and friendliness of the Soviet people.
3.In the USSR, Chinese workers were assigned not only canned rice and soybeans, but also two-story staff dormitories with complete indoor facilities and even a reading room, so that their lives were well taken care of.
4.The concern of the Soviet side for the Chinese workers began to be evident from the moment they arrived at their destinations, and they felt the warmth of home by holding welcome meetings, organizing activities such as watching movies and visiting parks.
In order to eliminate the communication barriers that Chinese workers may encounter in their work in the Soviet Union, enterprises have carefully prepared Chinese newspapers such as "People**" and "Workers**" to keep them informed of the situation in the country.
These measures ensured that the workers were properly cared for on the Soviet side. The image of the Chinese workers abroad was also maintained, and they knew this well, and they were more down-to-earth and hardworking, and their simplicity and diligence won the favor of many Soviet female workers.
Due to cultural differences, the phenomenon of "women chasing men" in the Soviet Union was not uncommon in this era, which created conditions for the emergence of some exotic romances. In Jeddah, the Soviet Union, eight Chinese workers fell in love with Soviet women.
Soviet officials and businesses expressed support for the marriage plan for Chinese workers, stressing the need for approval. The managers of the enterprises even jokingly offered to let the Chinese workers marry in the USSR in order to keep them.
Although more workers were originally involved in the agreement to go to the Soviet Union, the matter was shelved when the Soviets announced that they had no plans to continue recruiting workers. This incident shows the complexity of the great power game, and the "honeymoon period" between China and the Soviet Union can be continued by properly handling it in a wise way.
In 1954, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev visited China and proposed the idea of bringing millions of Chinese to work and study in the Soviet Union. This idea, known as the "Million Migration Program", aimed to strengthen economic and cultural exchanges between China and the Soviet Union and promote friendly relations between the two countries.
However, due to various reasons, the "Million Migration Plan" was ultimately not realized. Today, we can learn more about the details and background of this historical event by reading "The Beginning and End of Khrushchev's Three Visits to China" in the "Party History Wenyuan".