Legal gas station
In the past, we called it "one government, two procuratorates," but with the establishment of the State Supervision Commission, a new kind of power -- the supervisory power -- has emerged, and this has evolved into a new structure of "one government, one committee, and two procuratorates." In the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics, the pattern of "one government, one committee and two courts" embodies the scientific setting and rational distribution of state power organs, which not only demonstrates that China attaches great importance to the rule of law and supervision mechanism, but also reflects the transparency and efficiency of the operation of power. Understanding the responsibilities of the "government, committee, and procuratorate" and the relationship with the people's congress can help us better understand the operating mechanism of China's political system.
The "Yifu", i.e., the people, as the administrative organ of the state, has a wide range of administrative responsibilities at the ** and local levels. **As the highest administrative organ, its scope of responsibilities covers the preparation and implementation of national economic and social development plans, the management of the state budget, the leadership and management of the economy and urban and rural construction, and the leadership of education, science, culture, health, sports, and family planning. This large and subdivided system of responsibilities ensures the orderly operation of the state's administrative power and the implementation of the principle of the rule of law. Under the leadership of the local people, they are responsible for the administrative management within their respective administrative areas and ensure the effective implementation of policies and laws and regulations in the local area.
The "First Committee", that is, the State Supervision Commission, is an important achievement in the reform of China's supervision system, and its establishment has significantly improved the efficiency and coverage of supervision of public power. The main duty of the National Supervision Commission is to supervise all public officials exercising public power, including those of the executive, judicial, procuratorial and legislative branches. By comprehensively strengthening supervision of public officials, the National Supervision Commission plays an important role in preventing and punishing corruption and building a clean politics. In addition, the independent exercise of supervisory powers by the Supervisory Commission in the performance of its duties, free from any external interference, is essential to ensure the proper exercise of public power.
The "two courts", i.e., the people's courts and the people's procuratorates, respectively assume the state's judicial power and legal supervision power, and are the cornerstone of a country ruled by law. The people's courts protect the lawful rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, and other organizations by hearing cases independently and impartially, and maintain social fairness and justice and the uniform implementation of the law. The Supreme People's Court, as the highest adjudication organ of the state, supervises the adjudication work of the national court system to ensure the correct exercise of adjudication power. The people's procuratorate, as the state's legal supervision organ, is responsible for supervising the correct implementation of the law and ensuring the uniform and correct implementation of the state's laws, while the Supreme People's Procuratorate is responsible for leading the nation's procuratorial work and ensuring the correct exercise of procuratorial power.
One government, one committee and two houses"Despite the different divisions of labour and responsibilities of the various institutions, their common goal is to reflect and realize the fundamental interests of the people. The concentration and distribution of power originates from the people's congresses, which exercise state power in a unified manner and rationally divide administrative, supervising, judicial, and procuratorial powers to avoid excessive concentration of power. Among them, the Supervision Commission has the characteristics of centralization and unity. It not only comprehensively supervises leading cadres and civil servants at all levels, but also exercises full-coverage and all-round supervision. Considering that the vast majority of civil servants and leading cadres in our country are members of the Communist Party, intra-party supervision and state supervision complement each other and are intrinsically consistent. Although the Supervisory Commission is formally associated with the party body"Co-located office", but it does not belong to the party organization.
It has been structured at the national and local levels"One government, one committee and two houses"These institutions are created by the people's congresses, which are accountable to and supervised by the people's congresses at the corresponding levels. Although the constitution does not explicitly provide for it"One government, one committee and two houses"The form of reporting to the people's congress on work, but the standing committees of the people's congresses at all levels play a leading role in decision-making, implementation and supervision of daily affairs. "One government, one committee and two houses"In addition to regularly submitting annual work reports to the NPC, the institution is also accountable to the NPC through other forms, such as special reports, hearings, etc. Such a system contributes to safeguards"One government, one committee and two houses"At the same time, it can also give full play to the supervisory function of the people's congress as an organ of power and promote it"One government, one committee and two houses"transparency and accountability.
The national and local people's congresses at all levels, as organs exercising state power on behalf of the people, are responsible for formulating laws and supervising them"One government, one committee and two houses"work, making major decisions, and appointing and removing important positions. Laws and decisions made by the National People's Congress are mandatory"One government, one committee and two houses"Executive. The people's congresses and their standing committees exercise supervisory powers"One government, one committee and two houses"supervise the performance of duties. This includes assessing the legality and adequacy of the implementation of national economic plans and budgets, among other things. In the practice of supervision, the people's congresses and their standing committees have actively explored effective ways of supervision, such as organizing people's congress deputies to evaluate the work of administrative, supervising, adjudicating, and procuratorial organs, and to inspect law enforcement.
The government, committee, and procuratorate have a clear division of responsibilities and are independent of each other and closely coordinated, forming an effective mechanism of checks and balances and supervision. The core of this mechanism is to ensure the correct exercise of State power and the rule of law in State governance through the statutory assignment of responsibilities and mutual supervision. The People** is responsible for administrative management and the provision of public services, the National Supervision Commission focuses on the overall supervision of all public officials, and the people's courts and people's procuratorates are responsible for judicial adjudication and legal supervision respectively, which together form the legal foundation of the national governance system. This division of labour not only reflects respect for and implementation of the principle of the rule of law, but also ensures that the functions of the State operate efficiently and impartially within the statutory track.