High-quality development is the last word in the new era, and it needs to be guided by new productivity theories. At the 11th collective study of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China, the general secretary emphasized that "the development of new quality productivity is the internal requirement and important focus of promoting high-quality development" and "new quality productivity has been formed in practice and has demonstrated a strong driving force and support for high-quality development". The important exposition of the general secretary has enriched and developed the Marxist theory of productive forces, deepened the understanding of the law of the development of productive forces, further enriched the connotation of economic thought, and provided scientific guidance for opening up new fields and new tracks for development and shaping new momentum and new advantages for development. Speeding up the development of new quality productive forces is an objective requirement for the liberation and development of productive forces in the new era and new journey, and an inevitable choice for promoting the iterative upgrading of productive forces and realizing modernization.
Deeply understand the basic connotation of the new quality of productive forces.
The new quality productivity represents the evolution direction of the advanced productive forces, which is the quality of the advanced productive forces that is spawned by the revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, the innovative allocation of production factors, and the in-depth transformation and upgrading of industries. The new quality productivity takes the leap of laborers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimal combination as the basic connotation, has a strong development momentum, and can lead the creation of a new era of social production.
Higher-quality workers are the first element of new productivity. People are the most active and decisive factor in productivity, and the new quality of productivity puts forward higher requirements for the knowledge and skills of workers. The development of new quality productivity requires strategic talents who can create new quality productivity, who lead the world's scientific and technological frontiers, innovate and create new production tools, including top scientific and technological talents who have made major breakthroughs in disruptive scientific understanding and technological creation, first-class scientific and technological leaders and young scientific and technological talents who have made outstanding contributions in basic research and key core technology fields; It is necessary to be able to master the applied talents of new quality means of production, who have a multi-dimensional knowledge structure and are proficient in new production tools, including engineering and technical talents represented by outstanding engineers and skilled workers represented by craftsmen of great countries.
Higher-tech means of labor are the source of power for the new quality of productivity. The strength of the scientific and technological attributes of production tools is a significant sign to distinguish between new and traditional productive forces. The integration and application of a new generation of information technology, advanced manufacturing technology, and new material technology has given birth to a large number of new production tools that are more intelligent, more efficient, more low-carbon, and safer, which further liberate laborers, weaken the restrictions of natural conditions on production activities, greatly expand the production space, and provide material conditions for the formation of new quality productivity. In particular, the wide application of non-physical production tools such as industrial Internet and industrial software has greatly enriched the performance of production tools, promoted the manufacturing process to be intelligent, and the manufacturing paradigm from large-scale production to large-scale customization, and promoted productivity to a new level.
The wider range of objects of labor is the material basis of the new qualitative productive forces. The object of labor is the basis and premise of production activities. Thanks to the breadth, depth, precision and speed of scientific and technological innovation, the types and forms of labor objects have been greatly expanded. On the one hand, the means of human beings to obtain materials and energy from nature have become more advanced, and the scope of using and transforming nature has expanded to deep space, deep sea, deep earth, etc. On the other hand, human beings continue to create new material materials through labor and transform them into labor objects, which greatly increases productivity. For example, data, as a new factor of production, has become an important object of labor, which not only directly creates social value, but also further amplifies the value creation effect through the combination and integration with other factors of production.
Laborers, labor materials, labor objects, science and technology, management and other factors are all indispensable in the process of forming productive forces. Only when the elements of productivity achieve efficient coordination can more powerful productivity burst out. Driven by a series of new technologies, the new quality productivity leads the transformation and adjustment of production subjects, production tools, production objects and production methods, and promotes the convenient flow, network sharing, systematic integration, collaborative development and efficient utilization of labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, data and other factors, which can effectively reduce transaction costs and greatly improve the efficiency of resource allocation and total factor productivity.
Deeply grasp the main characteristics of the new quality of productivity.
In sharp contrast to the traditional productive forces, the new quality productive forces are advanced productive forces that play a leading role in innovation and get rid of the traditional economic growth mode and the development path of productive forces, and have the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency and high quality.
With innovation as the first driving force, the formation of high-tech productivity. Scientific and technological innovation has profoundly reshaped the basic elements of productivity, given birth to new industries and new business forms, and promoted the qualitative evolution of productivity to a higher and more advanced state. The new quality productivity is the productivity in which scientific and technological innovation plays a leading role, and it is necessary to take major scientific and technological innovation as the guide, promote the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain, and accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements into real productivity. In recent years, China's scientific and technological innovation capability has been steadily improved, and a series of major achievements have been made in the fields of manned spaceflight, quantum information, nuclear power technology, and large aircraft manufacturing.
With strategic emerging industries and future industries as the main carriers, high-efficiency productivity will be formed. Industry is the specific manifestation of the transformation of productivity, and the continuous iterative upgrading of leading industries and pillar industries is an important support for the leap of productivity. As a new pillar and new track leading industrial upgrading and future development, strategic emerging industries and future industries have higher efficiency, active innovation, technology-intensive, high-end value, and broad prospects, providing huge space for the development and growth of new quality productivity. In recent years, China's strategic emerging industries have flourished, with added value accounting for more than 13% of GDP in 2022, and the development of key areas such as new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaic products has accelerated, forming a certain leading edge in emerging fields such as the digital economy. China is looking forward to planning for future industrial development, promoting comprehensive innovation in technological innovation, R&D mode, production mode, business model, organizational structure, etc., and continuously consolidating the industrial foundation for the development of new quality productivity.
With the high-level dynamic balance of new supply and new demand as the foothold, high-quality productivity is formed. The effective matching of supply and demand is an important symbol of the virtuous cycle of social production. The degree of social supply capacity and demand realization is restricted by the development of productive forces, and only by relying on high-level productivity can a high-level dynamic balance between supply and demand be achieved. At present, the question of "whether there is any" in most fields of our country has been basically solved, and the question of "whether it is good or not" has become increasingly prominent, which objectively requires the formation of a new balance in which demand drives supply and supply creates demand. On the one hand, new demand puts forward higher requirements for supply upgrading, traction and stimulation of new supply, and leverages the leap in productivity; On the other hand, the new supply based on the new quality of productivity can provide more high-quality, high-performance, high-reliability, high-safety, and high-environmental protection products and services, and better meet and create effective demand. Accelerating the development of new quality productive forces meets the requirements of high-quality development, helps to achieve a virtuous cycle of the national economy, better gives full play to the advantages of the super-large-scale market, and enhances the sustainability of economic growth and social development.
Focus on building momentum for the development of new quality productivity.
Cultivating and strengthening new quality productivity is a long-term task and a systematic project. We must adhere to the system concept, adhere to the real economy as the foundation, scientific and technological innovation as the core, industrial upgrading as the direction, and strive to promote the leap and qualitative change of laborers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimal combination.
Correctly handle a series of major relationships in the development of new quality productive forces. First, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between productive forces and production relations. It is necessary to form a new type of production relationship that meets the requirements of the development of new quality productive forces, give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, give better play to its leading role, and accelerate the construction of an institutional mechanism conducive to the development of new quality productive forces. Second, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between the various factors of the new quality productive forces. Give full play to the supporting and leading role of scientific and technological innovation, cultivate new types of workers, create new production tools, expand new labor objects, and promote the efficient coordination and matching of new quality productivity factors. The third is to properly handle the relationship between independent innovation and open innovation. Adhere to the synergy between independent innovation and open innovation, vigorously promote independent innovation in an open environment, make good use of global innovation resources, and accelerate the construction of an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness. Fourth, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between the new quality productive forces and the traditional productive forces. Promote the development of the two as a whole, apply the achievements of scientific and technological innovation to specific industries and industrial chains in a timely manner, cultivate and expand emerging industries and lay out and build future industries on the one hand, and transform and upgrade traditional industries on the other, so as to build a modern industrial system with integrity, advancement and safety.
Cultivating a new type of workforce. Promote the effective integration and integrated development of education, science and technology, and talents, create a new type of workforce that matches the development of new productive forces, and stimulate the creativity and initiative of workers. Adhere to the priority development of education, focus on cultivating top-notch innovative talents, and cultivate more strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders, and a reserve army of young scientific and technological talents with international competitiveness. Explore the formation of a world-class engineer training system with Chinese characteristics, promote the integration of vocational education, industry and education, and science and education, explore and implement an effective mechanism for universities and enterprises to jointly cultivate high-quality interdisciplinary engineering talents, and continuously cultivate high-quality technical and skilled talents. Implement a more active, open and effective talent policy, explore the establishment of a global talent recruitment system in line with international standards, increase the opening up of national science and technology plans, encourage foreign-funded enterprises and foreign scientific and technical personnel in China to undertake and participate in science and technology projects, and build a platform for all kinds of talents around the world to start their own businesses.
Creation and application of more technical means of labor. In-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, firmly grasp the "bull's nose" of independent innovation, and promote the iterative upgrading of labor materials. Give full play to the role of the state as the organizer of major scientific and technological innovation, take the national strategic needs as the guide, integrate scientific and technological innovation resources, gather all parties to carry out original and leading scientific and technological research, and create more "hard technologies" that lead the development of new quality productive forces. Give full play to the role of enterprises as the main force in the development and application of new production tools, strengthen the integration of innovation elements and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, build an innovation consortium led by leading enterprises, supported by universities and institutes, and coordinated by various innovation subjects, so as to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity. Promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, promote the digital transformation of industries in depth, strengthen the integration and application of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things, and the industrial Internet, vigorously promote the application of digital, networked, and intelligent production tools, and accelerate the construction of digital workshops and intelligent manufacturing demonstration factories.
Expand the scope of labor objects. Focusing on cultivating and expanding strategic emerging industries and future industries, expanding the types and forms of labor objects can continuously open up new fields and new tracks for production activities and consolidate the material foundation for the development of new quality productive forces. It is necessary to thoroughly implement the national strategic emerging industry exhibition project, promote the integration of strategic emerging industries, and strive to build a new generation of information technology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, green environmental protection and other new growth engines, and strengthen the technological and industrial advantages of China's strategic emerging industries in the global value chain. Strengthen the overall planning of future industries from the national strategic level, organize and implement future industry incubation and acceleration plans in the fields of cutting-edge science and technology and industrial transformation such as brain-like intelligence, quantum information, gene technology, future networks, and deep-sea aerospace development, and carry out multi-path exploration and cross-integration of cutting-edge technologies and disruptive technologies, so as to make a good productivity reserve.
Promote a higher level of synergy between productivity factors. To meet the requirements of the development of new quality productive forces, promote the transformation and adjustment of industrial organization and industrial form, continuously improve the efficiency of the combination of production factors, and improve total factor productivity. It is necessary to expand and strengthen a number of leading backbone enterprises with large industrial relevance and strong international competitiveness and eco-leading enterprises with industrial chain control, cultivate a number of specialized, special and new "little giant" enterprises and "single champion" enterprises, and encourage leading and backbone enterprises to play a good role in the integration of the industrial chain to achieve the integration and development of large and medium-sized enterprises. Relying on the free flow, collaborative sharing and efficient utilization of production factors, we will promote the transformation of production organization to platform, network and ecology, create an industrial ecosystem with extensive participation, resource sharing, precise matching and close cooperation, and accelerate the value synergy and value co-creation of the whole industrial chain. Actively play the role of data elements as a "fusion agent", promote the cross-border integration of existing business formats and digital business formats, derive and superimpose new links, new chains, and new forms of activities, accelerate the development of new business formats such as intelligent manufacturing, digital **, smart logistics, and smart agriculture, promote precise supply and high-quality supply, and better meet and create new demand.