On June 14, 1948, Sister Jiang was suddenly taken away on her way to school. "I was betrayed! However, when she realized that she had been held in Chongqing's Dregs Cave Prison, her ten fingers had been nailed into bamboo sticks and her body had been subjected to all kinds of cruel abuse.
But Sister Jiang swore to protect the secrets of our party with her firm will. In the end, the enemy brutally killed Sister Jiang, who was only 29 years old, on November 14, 1949.
So, who betrayed Sister Jiang and her comrades? What is even more unexpected is that the traitor's wife was not only not spurned, but was respected by the countrymen.
Late one night in January 1949, the courtyard door of a family in Chengdu was rudely broken open by several spies. They were so aggressive that they immediately turned on their flashlights and searched around as soon as they entered the door, carefully inspecting every corner of the yard.
At this time, Guo Dexian in the house also noticed something unusual. She quickly crumpled up some classified documents, sealed them with wax and hid them, and destroyed some more documents. Then, she exhaled deeply and calmly waited for the spy to arrive.
In fact, ever since Guo Dexian began to work underground, she has always been ready to sacrifice for the party. But this time, she knew she had been betrayed.
And the identity of this person is likely to be her husband Pu Huafu.
Pu Huafu, born in Tongliang County, Sichuan Province (now Tongliang, Chongqing), was a young man who was enthusiastic about the revolutionary cause. In 1930, he led the Sichuan Workers' and Peasants' Red Army guerrillas to an armed riot, but unfortunately was sentenced to three years in prison.
However, Pu Huafu's revolutionary fervor did not subside. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he resumed contact with the party organization, and with his rich experience as an underground party member, he repeatedly transmitted useful information to the party organization.
Although he hoped that the victory of the War of Resistance would bring light to the revolution, Chiang Kai-shek's wolf ambitions led to the murder of Communists across the country. In June 1947, Pu Huafu was ordered to connect with the Shanghai ** Bureau, and was awarded an important task - to serve as the secretary of the Chuankang Special Committee, leading everyone to carry out underground work such as ** and rebellion.
In order to cover his identity, Pu Huafu became a geography and history teacher at Chengdu Chengcheng Middle School. He was not tall, soft-spoken, and wore a pair of short-sighted glasses, giving the impression of being very bookish.
Pu Huafu's married life also reveals his political beliefs. His wife, Guo Dexian, was an underground party member, and the two shared the heavy responsibility of covering up the revolutionary work after their marriage.
Thanks to the joint efforts of the husband and wife, they actively devoted themselves to the revolutionary cause and showed a firm cultivation of party spirit. However, in the process of performing underground work, Pu Huafu pretended to be true, enjoyed a comfortable life, and gradually lost the revolutionary spirit.
After getting closer and closer to a section chief of the Kuomintang, he was invited to live in the same small mansion, lived a life of eating, drinking and having fun every day, and finally assimilated. This can be seen from his attitude towards Ma Shitu, deputy secretary of the Sichuan Kang Special Committee.
After Ma Shitu noticed the spy watching, he handed over the mimeograph machine to Pu Huafu for safekeeping. However, Pu Huafu became angry when he heard this, and not only refused his request, but also scolded him to quickly take away the dangerous things.
Ma Shitu was surprised by this, because he didn't expect Pu Huafu to be so timid and afraid. He reluctantly left with the mimeograph machine. If a person has the mentality of being greedy for life and afraid of death, how can he withstand the test of revolution?
At the time, Pu Huafu did not know that an even bigger storm was approaching him. On April 6, 1948, Kuomintang agents sabotaged the underground CCP "Advance Daily" in Chongqing.
Liu Guoding, secretary of the Chongqing Working Committee, betrayed the list of Communist Party members in eastern Sichuan in order to save his life, and Pu Huafu was also among them, but because of the strict discipline of the underground party, Pu Huafu never met Liu Guoding, and used the pseudonym "Zheng Glasses" when he came and went to work.
The spies only knew that there was a person named "Zheng Glasses", and the clues were interrupted. One day, spy Ran Yizhi suddenly remembered that when he worked in the central county of Wanxian County, there was a county party secretary who was nicknamed "Zheng Glasses", formerly known as Zheng Lizhong, who was short-sighted and wore glasses.
Pu Huafu is affectionately known as "Zheng Glasses" because of the pseudonym of his work. However, his alertness was far from sufficient. He confuses job aliases with everyday nicknames, and this careless behavior is quickly discovered by the agents.
So, on January 13, 1949, the spies caught him at the Dongmen Teahouse in Chengdu. In the face of the torture of the spies, he gritted his teeth at first and persevered.
However, when they used the brutal "backfire", he immediately broke down and threw in the towel, confessing everything he knew. He confessed more than 30 people in one go, and then confessed a list of more than 50 people, including Ma Shitu, deputy secretary of the Chuankang Special Committee, his colleagues, and Sister Jiang.
Incredibly, even his wife, Guo Dexian, was betrayed. But when Guo Dexian's value was squeezed out by the spies, Pu Huafu, who originally thought he could get away with his life, did not escape the fate of death in the end.
Guo Dexian was born in 1924 in Yunyang, Chongqing, to a family of landlords and industrialists and merchants, whose economic conditions provided her with access to new culture and revolutionary ideas.
However, when she was 12 years old, her older brother, after studying in Shanghai and being exposed to these ideas, returned to his hometown to contact her cousin and several progressive teachers to carry out an armed uprising.
Guo Dexian witnessed the whole process of their secret deliberation and planning of the uprising at home, and after the uprising failed, he witnessed his respected teacher being stabbed to death with a bayonet by the executioner.
This tragedy made her deeply understand the cost of revolution. While in many cases the concept of "husband and wife" is seen as a virtue, this traditional concept is not evident in the case of the Pu Huafu.
Pu Huafu easily betrayed and changed his mind, but Guo Dexian adhered to his revolutionary beliefs and was unyielding. After she was transferred to Chongqing Zhaidong Prison, she showed extraordinary courage and determination and became a strong fighter of the Communist Party of China.
Kwok's story is a story of courage, faith, and sacrifice. Her story inspires us and makes us understand that in order to achieve our ideals, we must put in hard work and sweat, even at the cost of our lives.
Guo Dexian's bravery and dedication are admirable. Her determination and actions left a deep impression on her heart and influenced her for the rest of her life. After the outbreak of the all-out anti-Japanese war in 1937, she did not hesitate to devote herself to the anti-Japanese salvation movement, organizing her classmates to perform on the streets, raising funds for frontline soldiers, and performing well in the school's progressive group "Autonomous Association".
In 1939, Guo Dexian became an honorable Communist Party member. In addition to uniting teachers and classmates to participate in anti-Japanese rescue activities, she also had an important task, that is, to boycott the development of the Kuomintang Three Youth League in schools.
Thanks to her joint struggle with progressive teachers, the Three Youth League did not succeed in recruiting a single student. Guo Dexian did an excellent job of completing the tasks assigned by the party organization, but her heroic actions also exposed her identity.
Peng Yongwu, secretary of the Yunyang County Party Committee, approached Guo Dexian and told her that the Kuomintang was watching her and needed to be transferred immediately. However, at this time, her mother was seriously ill and was terminally ill and dying.
Out of filial piety, Guo Dexian insisted on accompanying his mother through the last days and asked the secretary to give her a few days. Peng Yongwu was touched by her filial piety and agreed to give her three days.
Three days later, wearing a heavy filial piety hat, Guo Dexian left Yunyang, where she had lived since childhood, and transferred to work in the central county party committee of Wanxian County. There, she met Pu Huafu, who shared the same revolutionary ideas, and started a family with him.
From 1941 onwards, Guo Dexian and Pu Huafu worked underground in Chengdu.
Guo Dexian was the prototype of Pu Huafu (Pu Zhigao) in "Red Rock". She gave a lot for the revolutionary cause, including blending in with the peasants in the countryside, mingling with them, and covering her comrades for meetings and accommodation.
She was also responsible for keeping documents, delivering letters, and learning about and reflecting on the struggle. Although revolutionary work was passionate, there were also difficulties. In 1944, after she gave birth to her daughter Xiaobo and son Xiaoke, she was financially difficult, her body was not well nourished, and she had no money to hire someone to take care of her children, so she didn't want to do cover work anymore and proposed to the organization to teach in primary schools.
However, Ma Shitu, deputy secretary of the western Sichuan Party Committee, taught her earnestly, saying: "If we can live in Chengdu, it is the preservation of the party's strength." This brought tears to her eyes, and she realized that the purpose of her cover work was precisely to preserve the strength of the party, so that her comrades could hold meetings and study work safely without being suspected by the enemy.
Only the growing revolutionary forces can give her, her comrades, and more people the impetus to move forward.
Guo Dexian, an ordinary woman, gritted her teeth and persevered because of a special job. In 1948, the Chongqing underground party was devastated, and Chengdu became a target for the enemy.
Guo Dexian's husband Pu Huafu made an appointment to go home at 9 p.m. before going out, but he still did not return. Guo Dexian immediately took out the secret documents and prepared to destroy them, but at this moment, there was a sound of slamming the door.
Several people in civilian clothes entered the courtyard, and Guo Dexian hurriedly threw the secret documents into the brazier. Then, several plainclothes agents entered the room, rummaged through boxes and cabinets, and the two children shrank into Guo Dexian's arms in fright.
After the search, the spies found nothing and put Guo Dexian under house arrest, leaving six people waiting at the door. Guo Dexian is calm on the surface, but his heart is like turbulence.
When she was young, Ma Zhitu made an appointment with her to have a meeting at home, however, the surprise attack of the spy kept Guo Dexian awake all night, and she took advantage of the spies' unpreparedness to call the doorman Qiu's sister-in-law to pass the letter to Ma Shitu on the pretext of buying groceries.
Ma Zhitu was thus spared, and the strength of the organization was preserved. Although Guo Dexian failed to prevent the agents from finding the documents, she was still ** and sent to the Bai Mansion in Chongqing.
The White Mansion and the Dregs Cave are known as the "Two Coffins" because of the detention of "political prisoners".
Guo Dexian and her children were transferred to the Bai Mansion in Chongqing around January 20, 1949. They spent a few days in the Dregs Cave Detention Center and were then transferred to this place.
Guo Dexian still remembers that when she walked into the Bai Mansion, she was greeted by a pomegranate tree more than one person high. It was the only tree in the courtyard, and it stood tall and tall in the dark and cold environment, like a determined warrior.
Later, Guo Dexian learned from his fellow refugees in the detention center that the tree was picked up and planted by Comrade Xu Xiaoxuan, who had been imprisoned for more than ten years, while doing hard labor. Although the time is long, it cannot wear down the fighting spirit of the revolutionaries, and only allows them to climb up like a tree, firmly and steadily.
In the small courtyard of the White Mansion, Guo Dexian and his children spent nearly 11 months in prison.
Life in the White Mansion was not easy, everyone was locked in a cell most of the time, there were few opportunities to let the wind out, they could only sit on the ground, and there was nothing else to do.
At night, especially in the middle of the night, the enemy will come for interrogation. Each cell was a deathly silence, with only the sound of the wind and the sound of their powerful heartbeats waiting for the dawn in the boundless darkness.
Finally, on October 1 of this year, the People's Republic of China was born to the cheers of the people. In the Bai Mansion, the people who learned the news seemed to see the hope of the liberation of Chongqing.
In the imagination of the comrades in the second room of the men's prison, they made a national flag, hoping that on the day of victory, they would be able to hold it high and rush out to meet the dawn of the revolution.
Sadly, however, most people didn't wait for that exciting moment to come.
Before fleeing, Chiang Kai-shek instructed the special agents of the military command to conduct an inventory of prisoners in prisons such as the Dregs Cave and the White Mansion. On the evening of November 27, the comrades of the White Mansion suffered misfortune one after another.
Kwok knew she might not be immune, but she didn't back down. The only thing that worries her are her two young children. The spies probably wouldn't have the heart to do it to innocent children......After much thought, she put two candies under the children's pillows, then put their names, birthdays, and some information about their experiences into a Rendan box and put them in her son's pocket.
When the children wake up and find that their mother is not there, they will go downstairs ......As soon as they walk out of the cell, they will be discovered by people nearby, and there will always be someone to adopt them ......Guo Dexian arranged the funeral while watching the children fall asleep quietly.
At that moment, her heart was like a knife, and she cried silently. At this moment, there was a knock on the door of the cell, and Guo Dexian's heart instantly tensed.
Guo Dexian and her children received help from Comrade Luo Guangbin at the critical moment, and he conveyed to them the message that the People's Liberation Army was about to arrive and the spies were retreating, telling them to leave quickly.
In their rush to escape, they encountered the guards at the gate, but under machine-gun fire, they scattered and ran in all directions. Guo Dexian carried his daughter on his back and ran up the hill with the others, and despite the bullets raining down on them, she still rushed forward desperately.
Eventually, after making sure her daughter was not injured, she continued to run up the hill.
The predicament of the White Mansion has not yet been resolved, and flashlights and machine guns are still heard behind him. Guo Dexian was physically exhausted and fell halfway up the mountain.
Seeing this, Li Yinfeng took off his coat and gave it to Guo Dexian, and he left in a hurry. She picked up the child and hid in the grass with several other comrades. At this moment, a flashlight flashed by, and the pursuers did not notice them.
After a while, it seemed that the person had left, and the child called "Mommy". Guo Dexian was about to respond, but found that Zhou Juzheng was nervously covering his daughter's mouth, and the expressions of the two were solemn.
It turned out that the enemy had turned back again, and everyone did not dare to move. Guo Dexian's heart palpitated.
Facing his daughter's shout, Guo Dexian had palpitations, perhaps his companions had suffered an accident at this moment. Time seemed to freeze, and Guo Dexian's sweat rolled down like raindrops. She didn't know how long she had been lying down until she heard the roar of the car driving away from the mountain.
They struggled to their feet, and the sky was already faintly dawning, and a raging fire was burning in the direction of the scum cave. The fire was like blood, reflecting those comrades who were killed, and they were only one step away from the dawn of victory.
Before dawn, the darkness was deepest, and the night was long and tormenting. Some held back tears, others clenched their fists, but their eyes flashed with indomitable light.
Three days later, the People's Liberation Army advanced into Chongqing, and the surviving comrades finally found an organization and were out of danger.
Guo Dexian is a hero of the White Mansion, and after the liberation of Chongqing, she worked at the Southwest People's Revolutionary University and the Chongqing Municipal People's Radio. Although she was suspected of treachery on several occasions, she always stood true to her beliefs, worked diligently, and constantly applied to rejoin the party.
Finally, in 1983, her efforts paid off when the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China agreed to reinstate her from the party. This long and difficult road to restoring his party membership is the best proof of Guo Dexian's firmness and perseverance.
Her steadfastness and perseverance in the revolutionary struggle was a model for countless fighters, in stark contrast to Pu Huafu and other people who were afraid of death and greedy for life. Guo Dexian's life experience tells us that the baptism of fire and blood will cast invincible warriors.
Her story tells us that loyalty to the party is her life's staunch, and it is also the goal that each of us should pursue. No matter what difficulties we encounter, we should stick to our faith and move forward firmly.