What is Gout?
Gout is a crystal-related arthropathy caused by monosodium urate (MSU) deposition in the joints, which is directly related to hyperuricemia due to purine metabolism disorders and/or decreased uric acid excretion. In addition to joint damage, patients with gout may also develop renal lesions and other manifestations of metabolic syndrome, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, etc.
Dietary advice for patients with gout
On February 8, 2024, the General Office of the National Health Commission issued the "Guidelines for Dietary Nutrition of Hyperuricemia and Gout (2024 Edition)", which puts forward 7 principles and recommendations for the daily diet of people with hyperuricemia and gout
The food is varied and the purines are limitedEnsure the intake of cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, livestock, poultry, fish, eggs and milk, soybeans and nuts every day, and no less than 12 kinds of food per day and no less than 25 kinds per week. People with hyperuricemia and gout should choose ingredients scientifically, mainly with low-purine diets, and strictly control the purine content in the diet.
Plenty of vegetable milk and limit fructoseIt is recommended to eat more fresh vegetables every day, and it is recommended to consume no less than 500g per day, and dark vegetables (such as purple cabbage and carrots) should account for more than half. Milk protein is an important high-quality protein**, which can promote uric acid excretion and encourage the daily intake of more than 300ml or equivalent amounts of milk and dairy products.
Fructose can induce metabolic abnormalities and cause insulin resistance, which has the potential to induce an increase in uric acid levels, and foods with high fructose content, such as sugar-sweetened beverages, freshly squeezed fruit juices, fructose syrup, and preserved fruit fruits, should be restricted.
Drink plenty of water and limit alcohol consumptionPeople with hyperuricemia and gout should drink enough water under normal heart and kidney function, and it is recommended to drink 2000 to 3000ml per day. Try to maintain a urine output of more than 2000ml per day. Priority should be given to plain water, lemon water, weak tea, sugar-free coffee and soda, but excessive consumption of strong tea, strong coffee, etc., should be avoided, and raw and cold drinks should be avoided.
Alcohol consumption increases the risk of hyperuricemia and gout, and alcohol also leads to an increase in serum lactate, which reduces uric acid excretion. Therefore, alcohol consumption should be limited, and patients with acute gout attacks, poorly controlled medications, or chronic gouty arthritis should refrain from alcohol.
Scientific cooking, less raw and coldLess salt and less oil, less condiments, and a bland diet can help control or lower blood uric acid levels. It is recommended that the daily salt intake should not exceed 5g, and the daily cooking oil should not exceed 25 30g.
For people with hyperuricemia and gout, regular consumption of raw and cold foods such as ice cream and raw and cold seafood can easily damage the function of the spleen and stomach, and at the same time, it can lead to an increase in the precipitation of urate crystals and induce gout attacks. Therefore, patients with gout should eat less raw and cold foods.
Eat a balanced diet and maintain a healthy weightOverweight and obese people with hyperuricemia and gout should control their weight within a healthy range by improving their diet and increasing regular exercise on the basis of meeting their daily essential nutritional needs. For overweight and obese people, energy intake can be reduced by 250 500 kcal per day and 250 500 kcal of energy can be consumed through exercise.
The intensity of exercise is mainly low- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, which should start at low intensity and gradually transition to moderate intensity to avoid excessive exercise. Aerobic exercise should be 4 5 times a week, 30 to 60 minutes each time, such as jogging, cycling, Baduanjin and other sports. Exercise should be reduced or avoided during the gouty arthritis phase.
Differentiation of syndromes and bodies, according to the person's dietThe key to gout nutrition is to regulate the spleen and stomach, and it is recommended to eat white lentils, corn whiskers, malt, yams, seeds, jujubes, orange peel, hawthorn, five-fingered peach, poria cocos, etc. The main muscles of the spleen, choose gentle, small amounts, and continuous exercises, which can stretch the muscles and bones, and make the spleen and stomach healthy. Combined with the physical characteristics and clinical symptoms of the patient, according to the common TCM syndrome types, the diet is reasonable.
Choose the right meal according to the place and timeDietary habits are an important factor that induces gout, so it is necessary to build a reasonable dietary structure and develop good dietary habits according to local conditions. Adjust to the time and season. Gouty arthritis is easy to be induced by cold, so it is necessary to pay attention to keeping warm in autumn, winter, summer and autumn when the climate alternates between cold and hot, and pay attention to the temperature of air conditioning not to be too low in summer.
In general, it is recommended that people with hyperuricemia and gout should adhere to the dietary concept of diverse food and balanced nutrition.