The Qing Dynasty existed for nearly three centuries and was the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history. It took 296 years from the establishment of Houjin in 1616 to the abdication of Emperor Xuantong in 1912. If we count from 1644, when the Qing army entered the customs and overthrew the rule of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty ruled China for 268 years.
The past and present life of the Qing Dynasty:
The establishment of the Qing Dynasty began in 1616, when Nurhachi of the Jurchen tribe unified the Jurchen tribes, established himself as Khan, and established the Later Jin, the predecessor of the Qing Dynasty. Through many wars, Nurhachi gradually conquered and unified the Jurchen tribes and established the Eight Banners system, a social organization that integrated soldiers and civilians, and provided strong support for the later military expansion of the Qing Dynasty. In 1636, Nurhachi's grandson, Huang Taiji, changed the name of the country to Qing and officially established the Qing Dynasty. In 1644, for his own interests, the political situation at the time, and the consideration of military pressure, Wu Sangui led the Qing army into the pass, quickly overthrew the remnants of the Ming Dynasty, occupied Beijing, and began the rule of the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history.
Reign of the Qing Dynasty:
During the Qing Dynasty's rule in China, a series of political, economic, and cultural measures were taken to consolidate its power. It also inherited the bureaucratic system of the Ming Dynasty and reformed it. It has set up six ministries, the Metropolitan Procuratorate and other administrative agencies, as well as local provinces, provinces, prefectures, prefectures, counties and other levels. And continued to use the imperial examination system to select**, in the late Qing Dynasty, in the face of internal and external troubles, many people began to recognize the disadvantages of the imperial examination system and called for reform. In 1905, the Qing Dynasty finally announced the abolition of the imperial examination system and began to implement a new education system. This move marked the end of the more than 1,300-year-old imperial examination system.
Cultural influence: The Qing Dynasty practiced the "Manchu-Han partition", that is, the Manchu and Han ethnic groups were politically distinct. The Manchus enjoyed certain privileges, but at the same time they also absorbed Han scholars into the country. The Qing Dynasty implemented a series of measures to restore the economy, such as reducing taxes and encouraging agricultural production.
However, under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, Han culture was destroyed and destroyed to a certain extent. The Qing Dynasty imposed a strict policy of ethnic segregation, restricting Han Chinese from interacting with and intermarrying with the Manchurian aristocracy. At the same time, the Qing Dynasty also implemented strict control and suppression of the thinking and culture of the Han people, and many Han scholars were subjected to ** for inappropriate speech or anti-Qing ideology. The world only knows that Qin Shi Huang burned books and pit Confucianism, but they don't know that the Qing Dynasty really killed many people of insight and burned a large number of precious historical documents. In addition, the Qing Dynasty also imposed a policy of shaving hair and making it easy to wear, as evidenced by the famous "money rat tail". Don't be deceived by the current so-called Qing court drama, don't think about that kind of handsome big back Qing Dynasty. Only a small handful of hair can be left on the head, and it must be able to pass through the square hole of the ancient copper coin, which is really like wearing a rat's tail on its head. This has caused great damage to the national pride and cultural identity of the Han people, trying to wear out the roots of the Han people little by little. Many people use large-scale documents such as "Siku Quanshu" to "whitewash" the Qing Dynasty, but in fact, this "Siku Quanshu" has deleted a large number of facts, and all documents that are unfavorable to the rule of the Qing Dynasty have been directly deleted or completely adapted as if they were "reversing black and white".
Demise: The fall of the Qing Dynasty was mainly due to internal corruption, intensifying social contradictions, and intensified external pressures. In the mid-19th century, the Qing Dynasty suffered the Opium Wars and the signing of a series of unequal treaties, which led to serious damage to national sovereignty and territorial integrity. By the beginning of the 20th century, the Qing Dynasty faced a series of social upheavals and attempts at political reform, such as the Boxer Rebellion, the Wuxu Reform, and the Xinhai Revolution. In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, overthrowing the Qing Dynasty, and in 1912, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Xuantong, abdicated, and the Qing Dynasty officially ended.
The history of the Qing Dynasty is diverse and complex, with its inheritance and integration of traditional Chinese culture, as well as its resistance and rejection of foreign culture. The rule of the Qing Dynasty had a profound impact on the social, economic, and cultural development of the Chinese nation, and at the same time laid the groundwork for the subsequent development of Chinese history. Although the Qing Dynasty is dead, its impact will be long-lasting. The merits and demerits have their own posterity, for the Qing Dynasty, what do you want to talk about, see you in the comment area.