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Say it to history. In the formation and development of ancient states, both people and information played an important role.
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In terms of people, the country needs a stable population base to support its development.
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This includes all kinds of people who run the country, build the country and produce it, such as politicians, artisans and farmers.
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These people need to have their own capacities and skills to meet the needs of the country.
The quality and quantity of personnel are essential for the development of a country.
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In terms of information, ancient states established and maintained various information transmission and management systems.
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These systems can effectively convey political, economic, and cultural information to help the state manage everything.
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The information system includes writing, paper, administrative agencies, postal services, messengers, etc.
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In the field of commerce, the monetary and commercial system provides a guarantee for the economic development of the country and transmits information in **.
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The collection and transmission of information helps to make more informed decisions about political and economic decision-making and promotes the development of the country.
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In conclusion, the formation and development of ancient states required the support of people and information.
Personnel need to have their respective abilities and skills in order to contribute to the development of the country;
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Information needs to be passed through systems and technologies so that political and economic decisions can be made more intelligently.
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These elements supported each other and laid the foundation for the prosperity and development of ancient nations.
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The establishment of the Sumerian post station.
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The Sumerian inn was an institution that emerged during the ancient Sumerian period, mainly used to manage mail and message transmission.
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The establishment of the Sumerian post station can be traced back to around the 3rd millennium BC, when a strong and complex social system emerged in Sumeria, which required efficient information transfer and exchange between places.
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The Sumerian post station was jointly managed by the king and **, and it was mainly located far away from the king's seat, such as strategic locations, commercial towns, transportation hubs, etc.
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The stations are connected to each other into a network for the rapid transmission of information.
The staff of the post station are mainly full-time personnel with a high degree of professional knowledge and skills, who are responsible for handling large volumes of mail and information and delivering them to their destinations.
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In addition, Sumerian inns also provide services such as hotels, meals, and horses for the convenience of travelers.
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In the 21st century B.C., the construction and management of Sumerian post stations were more perfect, the scale of post stations continued to expand, the scope of services continued to expand, and the staffing was gradually professionalized. At that time, the post station was mainly divided into five departments:
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1.Mail Department:
Responsible for handling various types of correspondence, including business papers, ** documents, personal letters, etc. They will sort and store correspondence and deliver them to different recipients, ensuring that information is delivered quickly and accurately.
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2.Communications Department:
Responsible for delivering text messages, urgent messages, tasks, etc., they have a dedicated herald team that uses horses or other means of transportation to quickly deliver information.
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3.Passenger Department:
Responsible for providing passenger services, including hotels, food, transportation, etc. The staff of the Passenger Department will help you arrange your itinerary and provide the necessary information to help you complete your trip.
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4.Warehouse Department:
Responsible for managing the station's material reserves, including food, drinking water, medicines, and other essential items. The warehouse department ensures that the station has enough supplies to meet the needs of the station staff and passengers.
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5.Security:
Responsible for the security of the station, including anti-theft, fire prevention, security patrols, etc. The security department ensures the safety of the surrounding area of the station and protects the personal and property safety of the station's employees and passengers.
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The formation of these five departments marked the beginning of a more standardized and professional stage of Sumerian post stations, making important contributions to ancient transportation and information transmission.
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The establishment of the Sumerian post station effectively facilitated the commercial, political, and cultural exchanges in the Sumerian region, making Sumer the first country in the world to have an organized, highly specialized postal system.
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Over time, the Sumerian post station model gradually spread to other regions, becoming one of the predecessors of the postal system in the Middle East and European countries.
Its establishment played an important role in promoting the development of the ancient state.
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Improvement of the Assyrian post system.
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The Assyrian Empire in the 1st millennium BC established a nationwide post system, consisting of a series of roads and post stations located along the roads.
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This post system dates back to the Sumerian period before the establishment of the Assyrian Empire, but the Assyrians improved on the Sumerian post system.
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In the Assyrian post system, post stations were usually located at key points along the road, such as crossings, river crossings, and important cities, to facilitate connections between the various regions.
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These inns could provide lodging, rest, food, and stagecoaching services, and travelers and mail could be exchanged here, thus ensuring the rapid circulation of mail and messages within the empire.
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In addition, the postal system of the Assyrian Empire also established a strict management system, which carried out unified management and supervision of mail and post stations to ensure the safety and reliability of mail.
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In terms of management, the postal system is highly centralized, controlled by the king himself, and has a special agency responsible for counting and recording information such as the flow and quantity of mail.
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In short, the Assyrian Empire established a powerful postal system that connected all corners of the empire and promoted the development of **, culture, and economy.
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This postal system provided inspiration for the postal system of Persia and other Middle Eastern countries, and became an important precursor to the development of the modern postal system.
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Moreover, the Assyrian post system was improved and perfected on the basis of the Sumerian post system.
The Assyrians consolidated and upgraded the postal systems in various regions during their wars and conquests in order to better control and manage their empire.
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Among them, the Assyrian king proposed several reforms:
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1.Establish special post stations and increase the density of post stations. The Assyrian kingdom's expansion, cultural, and political expansion made its territory more and more extensive, so they established a large number of caravans throughout the country.
This makes letter and transit travel faster and safer.
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2.Formulate specific mailing standards and charging systems.
The Assyrian kingdom instituted a series of regulations that defined the size, weight, and cost of mail. This ensures the quality of mailing services and at the same time makes a significant profit to support the development of the postal system.
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3.Optimize the management of post stations and improve service efficiency.
The Assyrian kingdom established a special governing body to oversee the management of the inns and the training of employees. They also established a network of post stations for fast and efficient postal services.
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4.Professional management of the postal service.
In order to provide a better postal service, the Assyrian kings also set up a dedicated postal team. These individuals have a wealth of postal knowledge and skills to provide quality postal services.
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In short, the improvement of the Assyrian postal system made postal services more efficient, accurate, and professional, and greatly contributed to the political, economic, and cultural development of the Assyrian kingdom.
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This trend also affected the rest of the surrounding region and gradually became a model for the development of the postal system throughout the ancient Middle East.
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The perfection of the roads of the Persian Empire.
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Building on the Assyrian Empire's post system, the Persian Empire eventually established a world-famous transportation network.
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The Persian Empire, founded by the Persians in the 6th century BC, was one of the most powerful empires in the ancient Middle East.
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In order to strengthen its domination and diplomatic and economic exchanges in various parts of the country, the Persian Empire vigorously developed road transportation.
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Road traffic in the Persian Empire was divided into two main categories: long-distance roads built on a large scale, and urban roads and streets within cities.
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From the end of the 5th century BC to the beginning of the 4th century BC, the Persian Empire built a road that spanned the entire Persian Empire, the Royal Post Road.
With a total length of more than 2,500 kilometers, the road connected the eastern and western ends of the Persian Empire, allowing for rapid transportation and communication.
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Since then, the "Royal Post" has become the main mode of daily postal and courier services in the Persian Empire.
The road also regularly has a post station and a post guard to ensure the safety of mail and travel.
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In addition to the royal mail roads, the Persian Empire also built a number of economically important roads, such as the "Royal Highway" connecting the Persian Gulf to the Iranian Plateau, and the "Mountain Road" connecting the Persian Gulf to the Nile Valley in Egypt.
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These roads have played an extremely important role in ** and cultural exchange.
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The construction of roads in the cities of the Persian Empire was more convenient, they were well-designed, comfortable and flat, had drainage systems and surrounded farmland, consulates, and public buildings.
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The Persian Empire also paved the streets of the city with bowl-shaped stone pavements to facilitate the rapid movement of citizens and horse-drawn carriages.
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All in all, the Persian Empire strengthened its control over the rest of the country and facilitated foreign exchanges by building roads, which effectively contributed to the economic and cultural prosperity of the empire.
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The road system of the Persian Empire was not only one of the most developed in the ancient Middle East, but also an important cultural heritage.
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In short, before the advent of modern communication technology, the difficulties caused by spatial distance could not be solved once and for all, so people had to make continuous efforts to achieve this.
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In the initial period of civilization four or five thousand years ago, all regions and ethnic groups exchanged with each other without the help of any modern means of transportation, and jointly promoted the progress and development of human civilization as a whole.
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Therefore, exchanges and mutual learning are of great significance at any time period.
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References. 1] Xie Xiaojiu. A Brief History of the Antiquity of West Asia from Sumer to the Persian Empire[J].Journal of Huaibei Normal University:Philosophy and Social Science,1993(4):32-36
2] Li Yiming. An Analysis of the Path of the Imperial Road System in the Persian Empire: A Discussion on the Role and Limitations of Classical Literature[J].Historical Geography Research,2023,42(4):50-67
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