At 23:59 on December 18, Jishishan County, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province (3570 degrees, 102 east longitude79 degrees) occurs 6Magnitude 2**, hypocenter depth 10 km. The altitude of Jishishan County in Gansu Province is 1735 meters to 4309 meters, and the elevation of the county seat is about 2300 meters. Over the past three years, the average temperature in the region in late December has been -76. The minimum temperature is -179℃。Low temperatures are one of the biggest challenges facing rescue efforts ahead.
Temperatures that are too low can increase the risk to people who are trapped or have just been rescued. For example, in the absence of cold materials, it is easy to have colds and frostbite, and in highland areas, colds can also cause emphysema and other high-altitude diseases, which are life-threateningIf precipitation occurs at low temperatures, the road surface is icy and snowy and not conducive to rescue work. Among them, the most important thing to be vigilant about is the hypothermia caused by low temperature weather.
Be alert to the danger of hypothermia
Hypothermia, also known as hypothermia and hypothermia, refers to the fact that the body's heat loss is greater than the heat supply, so that the temperature of the core area of the body (mainly referring to the brain, heart, lungs and other major organs that support life) decreases (below 35), and produces a series of symptoms such as chills and cardiopulmonary failure. If relevant warmth measures are not taken in time, hypothermia can eventually lead to death. Hypothermia is divided into three stages, mild, moderate, and severe according to its severity.
Hypothermia depends on two factors: the body's ability to produce heat to keep warm and how quickly it dissipates heat. The ability to keep warm depends on whether the clothes people wear, especially the intimate clothing, are damp. Hypothermia usually occurs in extremely cold weather, but it can also occur in weather conditions ranging from 4 to 5 if it is raining or if clothing is soaked with cold water in a humid environment. The prevention of hypothermia mainly starts from three aspects: wet, cold and wind - pay attention to keeping warm, do a good job of corresponding wind protection measures, pay attention to rest, replenish heat in time, change wet clothes, and avoid being in a low temperature environment for a long time.
At present, the temperature in the earthquake area will still be low for a period of time in the future, and there will be "windy weather", that is, strong winds, which may exacerbate the "wind chill benefit". From the 22nd, a new round of cold air will also cause the temperature in the earthquake area to drop.
Ma Qiong, chief forecaster of the Qinghai Provincial Meteorological Observatory, interpreted the weather conditions in the earthquake area and reminded the local people and rescuers to do a good job of cold protection and warmth.
When hypothermia occurs, there may be chills, collapse, memory loss, slurred speech, drowsiness, etc., and infants and young children will have bright red, chills, etc. If any of these signals are detected, the temperature should be taken promptly, and if the temperature is below 35, seek medical attention immediately.
When medical care is not available right away, the following methods can be taken to raise the body temperature
1. Find the cause of hypothermia
When experiencing hypothermia, the most important thing is to first remove the cause of hypothermia, and secondly, to treat it differently according to the different stages of hypothermia. Because hypothermia is related to temperature, humidity, and wind. Therefore, you should go to a sheltered place as soon as possible and change into dry clothes. When conditions permit, they should be transported to a professional medical treatment place with heat preservation and transfer.
2. Graded rewarming, step by step
The treatment of rewarming should follow the principles of grading, gentleness, and graduality, and unprofessional rescue may aggravate the harm to the body.
1.Mild hypothermia: Move the person with hypothermia to a safe place to shelter from wind and rain, isolate the body from the ground, and change dry clothes. Massage of surrounding muscles (e.g., hands and feet) should be avoided because blood from the peripheral hypothermia can cause more damage when it returns to the internal organs. You can use a fire for heating, or use a heating blanket and heat at room temperature, which is recommended at 28 .
2.Moderate and severe hypothermia: Thermal resuscitation of the core of the body is required, and thermal bags can be given in the neck, axilla, and groin area, such as in the setting of a medical setting, with warm isotonic fluid intraperitoneal irrigation. In the absence of these conditions, alternative rewarming methods should be tried, and transshipment should be implemented as soon as possible. The on-site rescue is mainly to wrap the body and transport it on a stretcher with gentle hands.
Special care should be taken not to heat the limbs or drink hot water for people with moderate to severe hypothermia, because a large amount of low-temperature blood returns to circulation, which will bring about low blood pressure and further decrease in temperature, increasing the risk of death in people with hypothermia.
In addition, for the rescue of hypothermia patients, do not give up easily. Moderate to severe hypothermia has a certain protective effect on body tissues, especially brain nerves, and may appear in a state similar to "suspended animation": dilated pupils, no pain, slowed heart rate and breathing, but in fact the person is still alive. Death can only be pronounced if the person with hypothermia has a near-normal body temperature and still has no vital signs.
Produced by China Meteorological News
: China Meteorological Comprehensive People's ** Overseas Edition, Healthy China Report.
Edit:Brush
Audit:Duan Haoshu