Qing Dynasty ** Imperial Examination for Children: Is there a limit to the number of places to be admitted?
Since the establishment of the imperial examination system in the Sui and Tang dynasties and the natural clan system of the two Han dynasties, scholars from the grassroots have had a way to become scholars. However, until the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the children of bureaucracy and aristocrats were still favored over those from poor backgrounds, and it was not until the Kangxi period that the imperial examination system became truly fair and just.
Beginning with the imperial examinations, the scrutiny of the children of ministers became more controversial. The Tang Dynasty attacked the minister's children, the Song Dynasty set up the ultimate examination, and the Ming Dynasty appeared to attack the minister's success in the imperial examination. Since the Qing Dynasty, the children of ** and eunuchs all over the world have to take the imperial examination, and the Chinese are the only ones who take the examination.
In the twenty-third year of Kangxi, Xu Yuanwen, the son of Xu Shusheng, and Xu Shuping, the son of Xu Qian, were also on the list of Shuntianjuren, and were later dismissed by mistake;Thirty-eight years have passed since the Ding Mao Ke Shuntian Township test, and no one is sure because of dishonesty;In the thirty-ninth year of the Gengchen Branch Examination, most of the ministers were brothers, which also caused public anger among the scholars of the world. After recognizing these problems, the Kangxi Emperor decided to make a major change to the imperial examination system, that is, to add official lists.
A basic overview of the official reel system.
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, all provinces had county examinations, and the number of students participating in the county examinations in each province was fixed. For example, in the Suncheon County test, Naoli Sheng was compiled as Beizi, Xuanfu Sheng was compiled as Danzi, and Bong Tiansheng was compiled as a clamp.
A corresponding number of children were born in other provinces.
In the thirty-ninth year of Kangxi, in order to emphasize the fairness of the imperial court, Emperor Kangxi issued an edict to the scholars of Jiuqing, in addition to the original civil official volume number of each province, and set up another official volume number. Taking the provincial capital test of Zhili as an example, the original Zhili students belong to the Beizi number, if they are the children of official eunuchs, they are in"Bey"The second should be called under the word"Officer"word, to distinguish it from the civil volume number.
At the same time, students who are included in the ** list during the examination period cannot be included in the civil service list. It should also be noted that the official list is not limited to the children of civil servants, but also the children of their siblings. Children who are on bereavement, leave or during a funeral are also included in the official list.
I have to say that Emperor Kangxi's decision was wise. The purpose is to prevent the children of ** from having an excessive share in the official civil register, so it is necessary to admit them into the regular civil registry according to the quota, rather than filling the share of the civil registry.
Official rank quotas.
After the establishment of the official attendance system, some detailed adjustments were made, and the principle was that in the future, the restrictions on the children of civil servants would be stricter. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, it was stipulated that students who took the imperial examination in some remote provinces could not be admitted because they were illiterate and did not understand science, but the imperial court refused to lower the standards and instead classified the deficiencies in the literary register.
In the 23rd year of Qianlong, the official quota for special offices was set as follows: one for every 20 provinces, one for every 15 provinces, and one for every 10 small provinces. Later, in the actual implementation process, the imperial court found that this regulation was too strict and often had problems.
For example, Jiangsu Province is one of the big provinces, according to the one-twentieth example, if the number of official orders is twenty, that is good, but the problem is that sometimes the number of official orders is thirty-nine or fifty-nine, then it is unacceptable. In order to balance this contradiction, the court issued a new rule: if the number of people exceeds half, one can be added, that is, if the number of official orders is between 31 and 39, two can be taken, and so on.
There is also a situation where the number of officials is a fraction of the number of officials, in which case the imperial court will not determine the scope according to the method of taking one out of twenty or one out of fifteen, but will determine the method of taking one out of six in each province. For example, Zhejiang Province has a provincial examination quota of 94 students, of which up to 6 ** children can be admitted.
Generally speaking, the number of children of eunuchs participating in the provincial examination is not large, twenty percent.
It is common for one-fifteenth or one-tenth to take the test.
The official scroll was an important part of the imperial examination in the Qing Dynasty, which distinguished the children of ** from the children of the common people. Surprisingly, the imperial court did not do this to take care of the minister's children, on the contrary, to leave more opportunities for poor students.
The reason is simple, the children of civil officials are generally able to pass five or six palace examinations, and in order to avoid this, the examinations of civil officials will be separated. In this way, the children of civil officials have to be like students from poor families, and they can only be promoted after ten years of hard study.
The establishment of the official registration system in the Qing Dynasty was a useful attempt to win the trust of the people, aiming to win the favor of scholars all over the world, and was well received by the society. Not only that, the "Yongzheng Dynasty" also stipulates that in the imperial examination, the first child is not allowed to participate in the Yuanke examination, which is the highest level of the nineteenth grade.
Speaking of which, readers may have questions, since the Qing Dynasty implemented the imperial examination system, why are there countless ** and family families who have participated in the imperial examination for two or three generations?After all, it's not that kings and rulers like to have their own hierarchies.
It is a pity that the ** attendance system of the Qing Dynasty was limited to the county examination level, and the imperial examination level was not implemented. It is not difficult to understand that there are very few people who can actually pass the examinations at the imperial examinations and the provincial examinations with the greatest impact, so the number of admission places in the provincial examination bureau should be maximized to ensure fairness and justice.
But one thing is still certain, no matter how good the **children** are, how difficult the background is, there is also a provincial exam to pass, as long as the court can control this pass, even if it is reasonable to pay more attention to the stage of checking **children.