Text |Rui Mingjie is a distinguished professor and doctoral supervisor of Fudan University.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, major changes have taken place in the domestic and foreign economic environment, scientific and technological progress has accelerated, digital technology, artificial intelligence technology, life science technology, space science and technology have had a significant impact on existing industries, especially industrial manufacturing, and China's economy has entered a new stage of development. In order to build a strong material and technological foundation for Chinese-style modernization, the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the promotion of new industrialization, and clarified the goal of "basically realizing new industrialization" by 2035.
The historical inevitability of new industrialization.
Industrialization is the process of economic development of a country or economy with industry as the main engine of economic growth, and this process is also accompanied by the progress of urbanization. The main symbol of industrialization is the formation and development of large-scale industrial production mode, that is, the formation and development of large-scale and large-scale standardized production mode, machine production replaces manual labor production, production efficiency is greatly improved, product quality is stable and reliable, production costs are greatly reduced, and industry has created a large number of employment opportunities and social wealth. Behind this mode of production is the progress of science and technology, production process technology, production skills of workers, and production organization. With the continuous improvement of production efficiency, the growth of the quantity of industrial products is extremely limited after the residents' demand for basic industrial products is satisfied.
With the improvement of residents' income level, their demand for industrial consumer goods has changed from the pursuit of quantity to the pursuit of quality, to the pursuit of more diversified products or services, so industrial consumer goods urgently need to innovate and iterate, thereby driving the development of means of production and giving birth to the development of the service industry. At this time, the economic engine of industry gradually gave way to the service industry, the main engine of economic growth, and industrialization entered the end, that is, the late stage of industrialization.
China's industrialization started under the planned economy and gradually formed a basic industrial system. The industrialization process was in full swing after the reform and opening up in 1978, and the industrial manufacturing industry developed and progressed in an all-round way and became the engine of economic growth. China's economy has continued to grow at an astonishing rate, creating a Chinese miracle. Today, China has formed the world's most complete industrial system, with more than 220 kinds of industrial products ranking first in the world, many products are globally competitive, and the industrial chain and chain of product production have strong organizational capabilities, and are known as "world factories". Despite the tremendous achievements in economic development and the per capita GDP has exceeded 12,000 US dollars, China is still in the ranks of middle-income countries, and there are still large differences in the level of industrialization in various regions of the country. Coastal areas such as Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang can be said to have entered the late stage of industrialization, but Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, and other places in the central part are still in the late stage of the middle stage of industrialization, and the western region is still in the middle stage of industrialization.
Therefore, China still needs further industrialization, and the real economy, especially the industrial manufacturing industry, is still the main engine of economic growth in China's vast regions today and in the future. It is worth paying special attention to the fact that the global brain-like intelligence is becoming the "nuclear flashpoint" of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution, and the new technology with artificial intelligence as the core will have an immeasurable impact on all industries, especially the industrial manufacturing industry, and will inevitably lead to the formation and development of new production methods and new quality productivity. Sustained economic growth in our country requires further industrialization, and further industrialization must be different from the past. In the future, the industrial manufacturing industry will develop in a new way and continue to become an important engine of China's economic growth in a new way.
The focus of promoting new industrialization.
In the new era and new journey, it is a key task to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization, and to realize new industrialization. It can be seen that the promotion and realization of new industrialization is very important for promoting Chinese-style modernization. Focusing on the practical requirements of Chinese-style modernization, we should solidly promote new industrialization from the following aspects.
First of all, a new mode of production is formed. The essence of new industrialization is that under the background of modern science and technology and production technology, a new production mode is different from the large-scale and large-scale standardized production in the past. For this new mode of production, it can be called "intelligent mass customization production mode supported by the Internet". Its core is personalized customized production services to meet individual consumer needs. This is a completely new model that enables mass customization, which is different from today's B2C, but truly C2B.
Personalized customized production is aimed at the different preferences of different consumers, and it is necessary to quickly and accurately obtain, analyze and judge the different needs of consumers, and quickly organize production and manufacturing according to demand. The production equipment of new manufacturing plants (including new planting factories in agriculture) is interconnected and intelligently integrated, which can more quickly perceive and react, calculate and judge, analyze and make decisions, and self-organize, so as to realize the self-organization of machines to carry out production services, which is the intelligent production and manufacturing after calculation and analysis according to data. This requires industry players to integrate and innovate digital technology, intelligent technology, green and low-carbon technology, etc., to realize the digital, intelligent, and green and low-carbon transformation of the industry, so as to realize smart production and services according to the personalized needs of consumers, and provide more and better digital intelligent products and services.
Second, build a new way of organizing production. The new type of industrialization requires the development of a new mode of production organization, because the new industry, new agriculture and new service industries need a new mode of production organization to adapt. The new industrialized production method is based on the new intelligent production system, the digital twin system and the large-scale personalized customization of the C2M platform. Production can be either centralized mass customization or individual customization, such as 3D printing. To achieve this, a new process of organizing production is required, in which a satisfactory order is generated based on consumer personality data, which is then sent to the region closest to the consumer for manufacturing and home delivery. For such a new way of organizing production, it can be called "decentralized production and local distribution". This is the so-called data-supported smart production organization.
In order to achieve a new way of production organization, we first need a strong platform, which organizes consumers and manufacturers to realize the rapid flow of data and information, coupled with the cooperation of the new intelligent chain system and the new distribution system, to form a new production organization, greatly improve the efficiency of resource allocation and improve the international competitiveness of the industry. The construction of such a new mode of production organization needs to be carried out simultaneously with the new mode of production, and it is a process of gradual and coordinated development. In this process, the market mechanism is very important, and the head enterprises of the industry are also very important.
Third, we need to develop new quality productive forces. The new type of industrialization is carried out on the basis of new technologies of the present and the future, and the reason why it has a great impact on economic growth is because of the formation of new quality productive forces. The so-called new quality productivity is a productivity based on digital technology, computing power, intelligent technology and green and low-carbon technology, which is a productivity with higher efficiency, higher quality and higher added value. This kind of productive forces, combined with the new mode of production and the new mode of organization of production mentioned above, can become a new engine and new driving force for economic growth. The mode of production and the relations of production can be adjusted in tandem in order to maximize the progress of society.
At present, the progress of science and technology and production technology, and the innovation and integration of production factors are the key to the formation of new quality productivity. From the perspective of the current trend of technological progress, digitalization, intelligence and low-carbon are the directions, and data investment, data computing power and innovation ability are the basic elements for forming new quality productivity. Through the development of new quality productive forces, promoting the transformation and upgrading of the existing industrial system and industrial structure, and realizing the transformation of production methods and production organizations of enterprises as the main body of the industry has become the key to promoting new industrialization. To this end, it is necessary to formulate specific industrial policies to promote the transformation of existing enterprises, and at the same time, through the optimization of the business environment, give birth to new technological innovation enterprises in the digital era, and aggregate and develop new quality productivity as soon as possible.
Finally, practice a new value creation model. New industrialization is a high-quality industrialization process, which is not only manifested in the application of modern high technology in the production and production organization process, but also in the ability to continuously and efficiently provide consumers with high-quality and high-value-added products and services, and gain strong competitiveness in the global market. Therefore, the new industrialization requires new enterprises to form a new value creation model by creating their own new quality productivity. The core of the new value creation model is that new enterprises should form new business models to achieve high value-added creation and acquisition.
New business models require a new value proposition, which is to create high-quality products and services that meet personalized consumption. Its value creation point is not only to obtain benefits from providing customized intelligent products and services for personalized consumption, but also to better use products and deepen services for consumers through the analysis and application of a large amount of data traffic, so as to realize the value of digital assets. To implement the new value creation model, it is first necessary to build a good new infrastructure, that is, a digital intelligent industrial infrastructure that integrates 5G communications, data centers, computing centers, industrial Internet, and new platforms. Secondly, with the goal of building a digital intelligent enterprise, large-scale digital transformation and intelligent transformation will be carried out, business model innovation will be encouraged, product and service innovation will be encouraged, and high value-added creation will be encouraged in technological progress.