This article is from "Nankai Sun Pharmacist", which is used for medical science popularization for reference. Amoxicillin belongs to the semi-synthetic penicillin class of antibiotics, which is a rapid fungicide, mainly by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall, resulting in cell wall defects, increased osmotic pressure inside the bacteria, and continuous entry of water, causing the bacteria to swell, deform, rupture and death, so as to achieve the purpose of killing bacteria, it is characterized by gastric acid resistance, can be taken orally, the absorption is rapid and complete, the bioavailability is higher than 90%, the antibacterial spectrum is wide, and it has a killing effect on both Gram-positive and negative bacteria. However, the effect on gram-positive bacteria is not as good as penicillin, not enzyme resistant, ineffective against enzyme-producing Staphylococcus aureus and other drug-resistant bacteria, clinically mainly used for pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and other lower respiratory tract infections caused by sensitive bacteria, otitis media, sinusitis, acute pharyngitis, tonsillitis and other ear, nose and throat infections, cystitis, urinary tract infections and other genitourinary infections, wound infections, cellulitis, etc. Chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer.
In clinical use, there are interactions between amoxicillin and some drugs, which may lead to weakened efficacy and may also induce adverse reactions, so which drugs should amoxicillin not be taken with? Today, Pharmacist Sun will introduce you one by one:
Probenecid: Probenecid can delay the excretion of amoxicillin through the kidneys, and the simultaneous use of amoxicillin and probenecid can increase the blood concentration of amoxicillin and prolong the maintenance time, on the positive side, probenecid can increase the antibacterial effect of amoxicillin, but probenecid is a drug after all, and there are also adverse reactions, and the combination of the two drugs can increase the risk of adverse reactions, therefore, these two drugs can only be used in combination when they are more seriously infected, and they are not routinely recommended.
Methotrexate: amoxicillin can cause decreased clearance of methotrexate, which may increase its toxicity.
Antibiotics: Macrolide, sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and roxithromycin have antibacterial effects, while amoxicillin mainly kills bacteria in the reproductive period.
Allopurinol: Concomitant allopurinol taken during amoxicillin** increases the likelihood of developing an allergic** reaction.
Diuretics: Diuretics such as furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide can accelerate the excretion of amoxicillin, resulting in a decrease in blood levels and a decrease in efficacy.
Contraceptive pills: Amoxicillin can promote estrogen metabolism or reduce its enterohepatic circulation, which can reduce the efficacy of hormonal oral contraceptives and lead to contraceptive failure.
Warfarin: amoxicillin enhances the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and increases the risk of bleeding.