With Peking University economist Yao Yang**The important role of economics and economists?
1. An excerpt from the views of Peking University economist Yao Yang?
1. Yao Yang, an economist at Peking University, said in the article "What is Economics and What is It": "The difference between economists and ordinary people is that economists are academics, and they use this set of models to analyze the behavior of people in reality and explain a series of economic and social phenomena. Economists don't necessarily know how to go and how to buy a house, because the main job of an economist is to understand and interpret reality, not to participate in market activities to make money. The gap between learning and practical operation is very large. “
2. Yao Yang, an economist at Peking University, said in the article "What Economics Is and Is Not It": "From a historical point of view, economics began as political economy. For example, Adam Smith wrote The Wealth of Nations, which studied how individual choices were related to the prosperity of nations, and later David Ricardo[illustration] and Marx all studied the economic growth, product distribution, and class differentiation of countries from the standpoint of their own times. Throughout the 19th century, there were not many economists at work. At that time, economics did not develop quantitative tools and did not make many concrete recommendations. However, wasn't the economy of the 19th century still developing? This also shows that to say that economics is the study of the people through the world is an exaggeration of economics. There are some problems that economics can't solve, and they can be even worse if you listen to economists' advice. ”
2. What is the extreme importance of economics to a country?
The degree of stability and development of a country mainly depends on the degree of social and economic development.
The degree of stability and development of a country mainly depends on the degree of social and economic development. The degree of social and economic development depends on the degree of advancement of the economic system, and the degree of advancement of the economic system or economic system depends on the degree of theoretical and practical contribution of economics, that is, the degree of advanced and advanced economics. If there is a problem in the economic development of a country, then an economic crisis will erupt. Once an economic crisis breaks out, it will lead to social crisis, social unrest and war, so the economic system or economic system has a major role that cannot be replaced by any other factor for the stability and development of the country.
The degree of economic development of a country depends on the degree of advanced or advanced economic theory.
If a country is not supported by advanced or advanced economic theories, its economy will not be able to maintain long-term growth and rapid development.
The level and degree of development of a country's economic development depends entirely on the degree of development and prosperity of its economic disciplines and economic system.
3. Why have Western countries surpassed China since the Ming and Qing dynasties? Why did the Industrial Revolution happen in Western countries?
1. Why did the Industrial Revolution first happen in the West? A very important reason is that Western countries were the first to establish an advanced and advanced economic system and economic system, that is, a capitalist free market economic system, and the establishment of their economic system depended on the theoretical contributions and social practice of economics of Western classical economists. Why was the British economy the largest in the world in the 18th and 19th centuries? The famous British economist Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations" played a huge role in giving a huge boost.
The advanced economic system is the condition for the emergence of the industrial revolution. The Industrial Revolution must have first occurred in countries with advanced or advanced economic systems. The capitalist economic system was first born in Western countries. The most important feature of the capitalist economic system is the implementation of the socialized centralized production system, which has given birth to the urbanization of people, and the large-scale urbanization of people has given birth to various social needs; The huge social demand has given birth to various scientific and technological innovations and inventions, which in turn have given birth to the industrial revolution, which has promoted the economic development and progress of Western countries.
The main reason why the Industrial Revolution did not take place in China was because of the backwardness of social sciences in ancient Chinese society, especially the serious backwardness of economics. Ancient China has always lacked great economists and proposed and established advanced economic systems. Ancient China's backward economic system and long-term agricultural economy and society made it impossible for China to have the conditions for an industrial revolution.
The development of Western economics can be divided into three parts, namely, classical economics, neoclassical economics and modern economics
, Classical Economics
From the mid-17th century to the 70s of the 19th century, including the English economists Smith, Ricardo, Senior, Mill, Malthus, and the French economist Say. Represented by Smith, whose 1776 publication of The Wealth of Nations was called the first revolution in economics, establishing a laissez-faire-centered economic system, and he marked the birth of economics.
Classical economics contributed to the birth of the capitalist economic system.
Neoclassical Economics
From the beginning of the 19th century to the 30s of the 20th century. These include British economists Jevoin and Marshall, and French economist Walras. The proposal of the marginal utility theory of value is said to be the second revolution in economics, and it marked the beginning of neoclassical economics, and Marshall's Principles of Economics published in 1890 is its representative textbook.
Neoclassical economics gave impetus to the development of the capitalist economic system.
Modern Economics
It began with the emergence of Keynesianism in the thirties of the 20th century. These include British economists John Maynard Keynes, Joan Robinson, and Slaval, as well as American economists Samuelson, Friedman, and Lucas. Among them, Keynes's "General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money" published in 1936 marked the birth of contemporary economics, which is known as the four major works that changed world history along with Einstein's "Theory of Relativity", Darwin's "Origin of Species", and Marx's "Capital".
Modern economics has contributed to the prosperity of the capitalist market economy.
According to the history of the world economy, the development of the world economy is developing and advancing in accordance with the theory of economics.
3. Why are many economists unable to discover the truth of economics?
There is a lack of social and economic practice, and practice produces true knowledge, and economics is no exception.
A true economist should conduct economic research based on social practice, but in fact, many economists only study past data and past phenomena in books, and then draw economic conclusions. If economists go to the countryside to engage in production, work on the assembly line in factories, work on construction sites, and speculate in the real estate market, then they will be able to discover the true laws and truths of economics.
Economics is too complicated.
Economics is a social science and a comprehensive discipline that is no less complex and rigorous than the natural sciences. The number of countries, individuals and interests involved in the process of economic development is very large and complex, which determines that economics is a very complex discipline, if economists want to make major theoretical discoveries and theoretical breakthroughs in the field of economics, this requires economists to have a very deep foundation and research strength.
4. Why can't economists make a lot of money?
Because economists lack specific economic activity.
Many economists conduct economic research in schools and offices, so they seriously lack economic and social practice. If economists do not go to society to carry out specific economic activities, they will certainly not be able to know the specific laws of economic operation. If you can't know the specific laws of the economy, you will definitely not be able to make a lot of money.
Economists lack sufficient financial support to study economic phenomena.
Engaging in social practice and research requires a lot of funding or policy support, and economists lack sufficient funds for sustained investment. Economics is a social science, and if you want to understand and understand economics, you must fully enter the society, and then conduct long-term social practice and research, which requires time and energy. At the same time, engaging in social (economics) practice and research also requires a lot of funding or policy support. For example, economists want to study finance thoroughly, must enter the real estate market, bond market, etc., which requires a lot of capital and policy support, only with sufficient financial support, economists can go to the market, housing market, bond market and other markets, through speculation, etc., thoroughly study the operation of the market, housing market, futures market, bond market, etc., and finally make a lot of money.
Economists don't dare to take risks.
Economists are rational people who have a very thorough and clear understanding of economic principles and economic phenomena, so when they see risks in advance, they will definitely not invest easily, and in fact, where there are risks, there will be huge profits. Not daring to take risks is also one of the reasons why economists can't make a lot of money.
Conclusion: The strength of a country mainly depends on the strength of soft power, especially the strength and advancement of economic theory!