Some people say that if you want to know a city, go to its old streets; Because in the streets and alleys, the history of the city, the culture of the city, and the customs of the city are hidden.
So today, let's take stock of the top ten historical and cultural streets in China, and see if everyone has been there?
Note: The Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China has held the selection of 5 historical and cultural streets, and the following are the award-winning ancient streets of the first session, which are also recognized as the top ten most representative streets.
10. Barkhor Street, Lhasa.
Barkhor Street, also known as Bajiao Street, is located in the old city of Lhasa, is the oldest commercial street in Lhasa, surrounding the Jokhang Temple, and the houses on the street are mostly shops of traditional Tibetan supplies and tourist souvenirs. Barkhor Street has also become a must-see place for tourists to Lhasa. The Barkhor Street Ring Road is composed of Barkhor East Street, Barkhor South Street, Barkhor West Street, and Barkhor North Street.
The Bajiao Street Prayer Path is the most important prayer path in the hearts of the Tibetan people, which means in Tibetan"Middle circle", is relative"Lin Kuo"and inside the Jokhang Temple"Capsule"in other words. When the time of the evening menstrual turn arrives, those who do not know each other -- some from the pastoral areas of northern Tibet wearing white robes, some from the Kham mountain territory hero knot, and some living in the octagonal neighborhood and brightly dressed ......In short, believers of all stripes, as if suddenly receiving a silent command, began to walk strictly clockwise along the circular road, after causing a sudden commotion.
Bajiao Street was built for the construction of Jokhang Temple, and was built and developed with the development of Jokhang Temple, which has a history of more than 1,300 years.
In the 7th century, the Tibetan Emperor Songtsen Gampo ordered the construction of the Jokhang Temple at Wotang Lake, and at the same time built four palaces around the lake, and moved to the palace with his concubines and subjects to personally supervise the progress of the Jokhang Temple project. The four palaces are the earliest buildings on Barkhor Street. After the completion of the Jokhang Temple, it attracted many pilgrims to worship, and gradually stepped out of a path around the Jokhang Temple, which was the original Barkhor Street. Eighteen family-style buildings have been built around the temple to provide accommodation for pilgrims and merchants.
After the 15th century, the Jokhang Temple became the center of Buddhism, and monks' dormitories, religious schools, and small temple buildings appeared around it, and many Buddhist believers moved to live around the Jokhang Temple, and a large number of houses, shops, hotels, handicraft workshops and other facilities gradually appeared on the street. With the deepening of the religious status of the Jokhang Temple, Tibetan Buddhism believes that the Jokhang Temple is the center of the clockwise "turning the scriptures", indicating the worship of the Buddha statue of Shakyamuni enshrined in the Jokhang Temple, and Barkhor Street has become one of the three major prayer turning paths in Lhasa. Later, many traders, pilgrims, and homeless people from Mongolia, Han China, Kashmir, Nepal, Bhutan, India and other regions and countries appeared, and it developed into a neighborhood integrating religious streets, sightseeing streets, folk streets, cultural streets, commercial streets, and shopping streets.
9. Haikou Qilou Old Street is one of the most distinctive street landscapes in Haikou City. The oldest of them, the fourth archway, was built in the Southern Song Dynasty and has a history of more than 700 years.
With its uniqueness and uniqueness, Haikou Qilou Old Street won the title of the first batch of ten "Chinese Historical and Cultural Streets".
Haikou arcades are mainly distributed in old neighborhoods such as Deshengsha Road, Zhongshan Road, Boai Road, Xinhua Road, Jiefang Road and Long Causeway Road in Haikou City.
Qilou Old Street covers an area of about 2 square kilometers, with a total length of 4.4 kilometers, and there are large and small.
There are nearly 600 three- and four-storey arcade buildings.
Most of the arcades were built by groups of overseas Chinese who came back from Nanyang at the beginning of the last century to borrow the Nanyang architectural style at that time. Most of the arcades are covered with elegant and detailed sculptures and Western-style decorations, which have a bit of a baroque flavor.
The arcades are not too high, most of them are two or three floors, and some still retain the earlier business names, and the exquisite carvings on the railings, doors and windows.
8. Qingzhou Zhaode Ancient Street, located in Dongguan, Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, is the first top ten "historical and cultural streets" in the country. Because there is Zhaode Pavilion in the middle of the street, it is named. It is one of the streets with the highest concentration of Hui people. Zhaode Ancient Street has always been a Hui inhabited area, with strong ethnic characteristics. The ancient street has always maintained the original historical pattern, with old shops, blue bricks and small tiles, and antique wooden panel doors, which can vaguely see the prosperity of merchants and tourists in those years.
Qingzhou is a Hui inhabited area, with more than 20,000 Hui people. The Hui have integrated Islamic culture with Confucian culture to form an inclusive, open and dynamic composite culture. Halal food culture is an important part of Hui culture and an organic part of Chinese food culture. Qingzhou Hui people are ingenious, hobby to make a variety of ethnic delicacies by themselves, the more distinctive are: halal pastries, fried buns, halal beef and mutton, halal puff pastry, glutinous cakes, oil fragrance, etc., Qingzhou Longsheng pastry, old locust tree fried buns as Qingzhou special food, in the majority of tourists have a small reputation.
Seventh, Qingdao eight passes.
Badaguan is one of the first Chinese historical and cultural streets, and one of the main scenic spots in Qingdao, located on the seashore of the city's Shinan District, west to the first bathing beach and east to the third bathing beach.
The area consists of more than 8 streets named after Seki, which are dotted with numerous classical European buildings, a few built during German rule (1897-1914) and most of them in the 1930s. It's a very different city from the usual Chinese cityscape, with large lawns and sparse pedestrians. Many of the residents of this district are retired party, government and military**. The Badaguan area is backed by mountains and faces the sea, and is densely wooded, and was a hunting area during the German occupation. The first building here, Huashi Tower, is located in the second bathing beach in Taipingjiao, Badaguan Taipingjiao, which was originally the summer hunting villa of the German governor, built in 1906 in the style of a medieval castle.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, this place belonged to the boundary of Wenfeng Society in Jimo Renhua Township, and at the beginning of the 20th century, after the German occupation of Qingdao, this place was divided into German residential areas.
From 1931 to 1937, when Shen Honglie was the mayor of Qingdao, nearly 1,000 acres of land east of Rongcheng Road, north to Zhanshan Road, and south to Taiping Bay were planned as "Rongcheng Road East Special Prescribed Construction Land", requiring that the building density must be less than 50%, green space must be protected, and permeable walls must be used.
About 10 roads have been built in this area, all named after ancient Chinese military passes, including Badaguan Road, Ningwuguan Road and Shaoguan Road, which connect Hong Kong West Road longitudinally, and Wushengguan Road, Jiayuguan Road, Hanguguan Road, Zhengyangguan Road, Linhuaiguan Road, Juyongguan Road and Shanhaiguan Road, commonly known as Badaguan.
In this area, there are more than 200 buildings, including the architectural styles of more than 20 countries, including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the United States, Japan and Denmark, and is known as the "Museum of International Architecture". There are different trees on these different roads, such as the blooming green peach on Shaoguan Road in spring, the crape myrtle blooming on Zhengyangguan Road in summer, and the golden ginkgo biloba on Juyongguan Road in autumn.
6. Fuzhou three lanes and seven lanes.
Three lanes and seven lanes is one of the important symbols of the historical city of Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, and a considerable part of the lanes formed since the Tang and Song dynasties have been preserved. The Sanfang Qixiang block is one of the top ten historical and cultural streets in China, with an area of about 40 hectares.
Since the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Fuzhou has built six city walls such as Yecheng and Zicheng, the city expands from north to south, the whole layout, with Pingshan as a barrier, facing each other in the mountains and Wushan, with South Street (817 Road) as the central axis, and the two sides are squares Travel happy moments Food Xunwei official Go to the place you still want to go into alleys, pay attention to symmetry, and gradually form a street with three lanes and seven lanes ("street" guide back street).
"Three Lanes and Seven Alleys" was formed in the Tang Dynasty's trial of Luocheng, the south of Luocheng is bounded by the Antai River, the political center and the aristocracy live in the north of the city, and the civilian residential area and the commercial area live in the south of the city, while emphasizing the symmetry of the central axis, both sides of the central axis in the south of the city, the segmented wall, these residents become the beginning of the square and lane, that is, the formation of today's three lanes and seven lanes.
In this block, the alleys are vertical and horizontal, and the stone slabs are paved; White-walled tile houses, curved gables, rigorous layout, and ingenious craftsmanship; Many are also embellished with pavilions, platforms, floors, pavilions, flowers and plants, rockeries, integrating humanities and natural landscapes in one of the main house, the back room windows are more than double-layer long row windows, the ground floor is fixed, and the upper floor is open or double-open. The main door of the main house faces the hall, which is mostly 4-bay type, and the door is carved with rich patterns and floral decorations to add to the grandeur of the hall.
Who knows that the five willows are lonely pine guests, but they live between the three lanes and seven lanes", the three lanes and seven lanes are outstanding people, and the place where the general will enter the phase, many famous politicians, military strategists, writers, and poets in the past dynasties have gone to glory from here, and some of the names of the lanes and lanes can be seen in the style and glory of the year. Three Lanes and Seven Alleys of Fuzhou City is the largest and most complete Ming and Qing Dynasty ancient architectural block preserved in the center of the city in China.
5. Tunxi Old Street, Huangshan.
Huangshan Tunxi Old Street is located in the center of Tunxi District, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, with a total length of 1,272 meters, the essence of 853 meters, and a width of 5 to 8 meters. Including 1 straight street, 3 horizontal streets and 18 alleys, the whole street and alley composed of more than 300 Hui style buildings built in different years are distributed in the shape of a fish skeleton, narrow in the west and wide in the east. Because Tunxi Old Street is located at the confluence of the three rivers of Hengjiang, Shuishui and Xin'an River, it is also known as the flowing "Qingming Shanghe Map", which is the most well-preserved ancient market in China with the architectural style of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Fourth, Harbin ** Street.
* Main Street is a very prosperous commercial pedestrian street in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, located in Daoli District, Harbin, from the flood control memorial tower square on the riverside in the north and Xinyang Square in the south, with a length of 1,400 meters. This long street was built in 1900 and consists of 71 buildings in various styles such as Renaissance and Baroque.
In fact, Harbin's ** Street, compared with other commercial streets, ** Street is not only an excellent commercial street, but also carries the history of Harbin, it records this city, which is now known as the lost city of the East, once as the prosperity and glory of the Oriental little Paris, it is a huge architectural museum, it carries all the romance and feelings of every Harbin person".
The earliest beer in China was produced in Harbin, which was known as the City of Beer. Harbin was the first city to carry out ice and snow tourism, and Harbin is known as the city of ice and snow. In the 20s of the last century, more than half of Harbin's population was foreigners, and the commercial civilization of Chinese and Western mixed made Harbin one of the top international metropolises in the Far East. In 1924, Harbin imported 860,000 bread stones from Russia to pave the way for ** Street, and at that time a bread stone was worth a silver dollar, which was equivalent to a family's ration for a whole month.
3. Pingyao South Street.
Pingyao South Street is also called a street in the Ming and Qing dynasties. A street in the Ming and Qing dynasties is located in the streets of the ancient city of Pingyao, with a length of more than 400 meters and a total of 78 ancient shops.
A street (South Street) of the Ming and Qing dynasties is located on the central axis of the ancient city of Pingyao, where the remains of the shops of the Ming and Qing dynasties are preserved in a concentrated and complete manner, and it is one of the most important and prosperous commercial blocks in the ancient city, which vividly reflects the brilliance of the ancient city culture.
On this ancient street of more than 400 meters, there are 78 ancient shops closely interspersed, including ticket numbers, money shops, pawnshops, pharmacies, butcher shops, tobacco shops, grocery stores, silk shops, etc., which almost contain all the commercial trades at that time.
Culture: The Jin merchant giants regard this place as the best place, and have set up a general number and opened a store, with a layer of skills. Baichuan Tong, Synergy Qing, Wei Shengchang, Wei Changhou and other ticket numbers, Yun Jincheng Chinese medicine shop, as well as Kui Chengyu, Yongtai Cheng Silk Village, etc., are famous and well-known at that time. These brands are ushered in in the limited space in the front and backyard of the store, and the small world attracts visitors from all over the world.
In the prosperity of the "three markets of morning, noon and evening streets", the merchant-like characters of the Jin Dynasty have made the tide of the commercial sea, galloping vertically and horizontally, and the small commercial ancient street has created a large number of business talents. If the courtyard of the Jin merchants is the luxurious living place of the Jin merchants, then the south street of the ancient city is the place where the Jin merchants show their abilities and compete fiercely in the shopping malls.
2. Pingjiang Road, Suzhou.
Pingjiang Road is a historical street in Suzhou, located in the northeast corner of the ancient city of Suzhou, is a small road along the river, and its river is called Pingjiang River. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, Suzhou was also known as Pingjiang, and it was named after the road. The area around Pingjiang Road is the most typical and complete historical and cultural district in Suzhou.
It still maintains the double chessboard pattern of parallel roads and rivers, reflecting the characteristics of the Jiangnan Water City of small bridges, flowing water, people and deep ancient alleys, with profound cultural heritage, rich historical relics and cultural landscapes, as well as a large number of old buildings, many ancient bridges, ancient wells, ancient trees, and ancient archways scattered in the meantime.
Pingjiang Road is really a very beautiful ancient road, in the oldest city map of Suzhou Song Dynasty "Pingjiang Map", there is Pingjiang Road this street, is the main road in the eastern half of Suzhou at that time, 800 years, Pingjiang Road still retains its parallel river road pattern, texture and length in the original site, small bridges and flowing water, pink walls and tiles, the volume of the house, the width of the street and the river, the proportion is appropriate, showing a sparse and elegant style; The alleys on both sides of Pingjiang Road, especially in the east, also retain a number of water alleys, which is the most original water city in the ancient city of Suzhou today.
Pingjiang Road starts from Ganjiang East Road in the south, connects Baita East Road and Northeast Street in the north, the ancient name is called "Shiquanli", which appeared earlier in 1834 in "Wumen Biaoyin", said: "Pingjiang Road is the ancient name of Shiquanli, there are ten ancient wells, Huayang Bridge South One, Xijiaqiao South One, Yuanqiao North One", very detailed.
Pingjiang Road is a road along the river, the total length is 1606 meters, that is, the length of Sanli Road, the north is the Humble Administrator's Garden, the south is the Master of Nets Garden, and there are many historic alleys stretching out on both sides, such as Shishi Temple Lane, Chuanfang Lane, Donghuaqiao Lane, Caohuxu Lane, Daxinqiao Lane, Weidao Guanqian, Zhongzhangjiagang, Daru Lane, Xiaojia Lane, Niujia Lane, Hanging Bridge Lane, etc. Pingjiang Road is now a stone pavement, and the tall camphor on the side of the road is lush and lush, supporting a green shade. On the revetment, a row of stone railings, stone tables and stone benches are dotted in between. Here, if you walk into an old mansion at will, you can touch the profound cultural heritage of Wudi.
First there is Pingjiang Mansion, and then there is Suzhou City. "Pingjiang was originally the name of Suzhou Prefecture. According to history: in the first month of the third year of Song Zhenghe (1113), Suzhou was promoted to Pingjiang Mansion, and the name of Pingjiang began from then.
In the twelfth year of Yuan to Yuan (1276), Suzhou was the seat of Pingjiang Road. It was not until the twenty-seventh year of Zhizheng (1367) that after Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Pingjiang, he changed to Suzhou Mansion. For more than 250 years, Suzhou City has been the ruling center of several counties under the jurisdiction of Pingjiang Mansion and Road, and is also known as Pingjiang City, from which the street name Pingjiang Road originates.
1. Guozijian Street, Beijing.
Guozijian Street, in Andingmen, Dongcheng District, Beijing, is an east-west alley. In the Qing Dynasty, it was named "Chengxian Street", which was named after the Confucian Temple and Guozijian here, and was also called Guozijian Hutong. It is located in the northwest of Dongcheng District. From Lama Temple Street in the east to Andingmen Inner Street in the west. Because of the country's eunuch, hence the name. One of the first "Famous Chinese Historical and Cultural Streets".
Founded in the tenth year of Yuan Dade (1306), Guozijian is the highest institution of learning established by the state in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and is also the organ in charge of the government decree of national learning. Guozijian has etiquette, music, law, archery, royal, calligraphy, mathematics and other teaching subjects, if the people at that time can go to school in Guozijian, it will be regarded as the glory of the ancestors. The highest governor of Guozijian called the sacrificial wine, and Xu Heng, a famous scholar of the Yuan Dynasty, made the sacrificial wine here. The cypress trees he planted have survived for centuries.
There are a total of four archways on this street: one at the east and west entrances of the street, and the title of the square is "Chengxian Street"; There is one on the left and one near Guozijian, and the title of the square is "Guozijian". There are stone tablets on both sides of the archway in the north of the road, and the Manchu and Han characters are engraved with "civil and military ** to get off the horse here". Because the east is the Confucian Temple, and the west is the Guoxue (Guozijian), it conforms to the regulation of "left temple and right learning".
In addition to the above buildings, there are several temples in this street. There is a temple dedicated to Han Yu in the Guoxue Hutong (No. 31) behind Guozijian, which is called Hanwen Ancestral Hall.
Han Yu (768-824) was a native of Dengzhou, Nanyang, Tang Dynasty. In the eighth year of Tang Zhenyuan (729), he was a scholar and a first, and served as the supervisor of the imperial history, the prince of the country, the servant of the military department, and the servant of the ministry. Learn through the six classics and hundreds of schools, the writing is strong, the momentum is magnificent, respected by later generations, called "Han Wengong". Posthumously "Wen".
Set up an ancestral hall here, probably the children who are studying in Chinese culture are willing to be blessed by Han Yu! The ancestral hall sits in the north and faces south, and is composed of a quadrangle courtyard building by the ancestral gate, the enjoyment hall and the east and west matching rooms. The ancestral door is a large ridge of the mountain tube, and the three rooms of the hall are the large ridge of the large hard mountain tube tile tone, and the rotor is decorated with color paintings. There is an iron incense burner outside the door, and a stone incense burner in front of the hall. The hall enshrines a statue of Hangul. The present hall still exists, and the ancestral hall and the supporting room have been demolished.
There are also two temples in the south of Guozijian Street, the west is the temple (now No. 78), which was built in the Ming Dynasty. Its main buildings have the mountain gate, the main hall, the main hall and the east and west side hall, the main hall in the fire god and Emperor Guan, the God of Wealth, Luban, the king of medicine, the saint of medicine, etc., there are three steles originally, now the dwelling, the stele has been used as a step or built in the wall, so it is impossible to know its contents. Although each hall exists, but the change is too great, the small shed in the courtyard is numerous, so that people can not get a glimpse of its original appearance, only the mountain gate still retains the traces of the temple in the past.
From the fire temple to the east (now No. 40) is the Zaojun Temple. One of the original temple mountain gates. It is a large-style hard mountain tube tile with three rooms, with a corridor in front and a rotor painting; In the apse, the king of the stove was enshrined, and the original monument was rebuilt when the temple was announced, and then it was gone.
February** Dynamic Incentive Program