Author: Liu Di.
Editor's note. Industrialization is the premise and foundation of modernization and the only way for a country and nation to become prosperous and strong. **The general secretary pointed out: "In the new era and new journey, it is the key task to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization, and to achieve a new type of industrialization." The ** Economic Work Conference held in December 2023 emphasized that it is necessary to lead the construction of a modern industrial system with scientific and technological innovation and vigorously promote new industrialization. How to profoundly grasp the characteristics of the new industrialization era and Chinese characteristics? How to scientifically understand the strategic positioning, stage characteristics and changes in environmental conditions faced by new industrialization? This newspaper invited three experts to discuss and exchange.
Moderator: Liu Di, reporter of this newspaper.
Guest: Li Wei, Dean and Researcher of the Graduate School of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences.
Yu Fan is the executive vice president and professor of the China Industrial Development Research Institute of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, and a distinguished researcher of the Institute of Chinese Modernization.
Huang Shaoqing is a professor at Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
CNPC Drilling Rig.
Comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization
Why is new industrialization "mission-critical"?
Moderator: Industrialization is the premise and foundation of modernization, and the only way for a country and nation to become prosperous and strong. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the beginning of reform and opening up, we have completed the industrialization process that the developed countries in the West have gone through for hundreds of years in a few decades, and have created a miracle of rapid economic development and long-term social stability. How to profoundly grasp the characteristics of the new industrialization era and Chinese characteristics?
Yu Fanfan: China's new industrialization is different from the "tandem" industrialization path taken by Western developed countries, and we have quickly gone through its industrialization process of several hundred years in a short period of time. China's new-type industrialization as a whole is parallel, superimposed, and compressed industrialization, and the four modernizations of industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization are superimposed and promoted simultaneously.
Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the new type of industrialization, its connotation has been dynamically evolving with the development of the times and environmental changes. On the one hand, the global competition pattern and technological competition have undergone great changes. China has put forward new requirements for promoting new industrialization in terms of building a new development pattern, realizing high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance, and improving the independent and controllable ability of the industrial chain. On the other hand, at present, China has entered the middle and late stages of industrialization, and is in a critical period of moving from a manufacturing country to a manufacturing power, and the development of industry and economy has also changed from high-speed development to high-quality development. As a large country, China's new industrialization must build a relatively complete modern industrial system.
Huang Shaoqing: Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has made great achievements in industrialization and formed an unshakable advantage: first, it has built a complete industrial system with complete departments; Second, through the continuous accumulation of production capacity, economies of scale have been developed in almost every industrial sector. China has taken advantage of economies of scale to export industrial goods to the world, thus becoming the world's factory. However, it must also be noted that there are weaknesses and deficiencies in this industrial system, that is, it lacks the ability to dominate the division of labor in the global industrial chain. China's industrial system urgently needs the ability of original technological innovation in order to truly grasp the dominance of the global industrial chain and form its own brand and global sales network.
The new era of new industrialization requires China to respond to the new changes and requirements of internal needs and external pressures. The internal demand is manifested in the need for the overall upgrading of China's industry, that is, along the "smile curve" to both ends of the industrial chain, not only to form domestic technology research and development and product design capabilities, but also to build brand capabilities and global sales network; The external pressure is manifested in the fact that a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation represented by artificial intelligence is in full swing, which means that the global industry is forming a new track and new direction. Therefore, China's industry should not only strive to upgrade on the traditional track, but also form cutting-edge original innovation capabilities, and compete with technologically advanced countries in disruptive technological innovation on the new track.
Li Wei: New industrialization is to summarize the historical experience of industrialization development at home and abroad, grasp the development trend of digital, networked and intelligent new technology industrial revolution, and take Chinese-style modernization as the leading industrialization development path, which is not only different from China's original industrialization path, but also different from the industrialization development process experienced by developed countries.
With innovation as the core driving force, we will continue to promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, improve labor productivity and total factor productivity, improve the efficiency of resource allocation and economic benefits with scientific and technological innovation, and provide higher efficiency and higher quality material and technical support for high-quality development.
New industrialization is the path of industrialization for emerging countries to become self-reliant and self-reliant in science and technology. It has changed the low-end industrialization model of low-end external dependence of emerging countries that are adaptable to the international industrial division of labor system, lack of original innovation support, and key core technologies are subject to others. Establish and build an independent and controllable modern industrial system, enhance the ability of independent innovation, and improve the resilience of the industrial chain.
The new type of industrialization is an industrialization development that embodies the requirements of Chinese-style modernization, creates a new model of green and low-carbon industrialization development in harmony between man and nature, and forms a new path of industrialization development with continuous improvement of the global industrial division of labor and continuous enhancement of win-win cooperation.
Moderator: Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the general secretary has made important expositions on a series of major theoretical and practical issues of new industrialization. How to scientifically understand the strategic positioning, stage characteristics and changes in environmental conditions faced by new industrialization?
Li Wei: New industrialization is the key task of comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization, building a strong material and technological foundation for Chinese-style modernization, and effectively connecting the key tasks of new industrialization with the primary task of high-quality development and the important tasks and key paths of building a modern industrial system, and establishing the strategic positioning of new industrialization.
The strategic positioning of new industrialization is an important choice based on the characteristics of China's industrialization development stage. China is in a critical period of transformation from a manufacturing power, a network power to a manufacturing power, a network power, is experiencing a phased transformation from scale-oriented industrialization to high-quality industrialization, on the basis of the basic realization of industrialization, China needs to achieve a new type of industrialization from mainly relying on primary production factors to invest in knowledge, technology, capital, data and other advanced production factors, from a low level of scale expansion to a high level of quality and efficiency development, In the division of labor in the global value chain, the transformation of the industrialized development model from the low-end to the high-end is realized.
The United States and other Western countries are taking various measures to suppress and contain China, such as imposing tariffs and cutting off the supply of high-tech products. Developed countries promote the return of high-end manufacturing, and emerging economies actively undertake international industrial transfer by virtue of cost advantages; The restructuring of the global industrial chain, the reshaping of the first chain, and the reconstruction of the value chain continue to deepen, and the layout of the first chain of multinational enterprises has shifted from the traditional cost and efficiency orientation to paying more attention to resilience and security, showing new characteristics and new trends such as localization, regionalization, and diversification. In this context, China must accelerate the promotion of new industrialization and build a new international competitive advantage.
Yu Fanfan: First of all, promoting new industrialization is a key task to achieve Chinese-style modernization. At present, China is in the critical stage of climbing to the high-income stage, and it is very important to maintain economic growth at a high level, and industrialization, especially high-quality industrialization, is the ballast stone for steady growth. History shows that at this stage of development, economies that have been deindustrialized too quickly have fallen into a growth trap. Second, new industrialization is an important starting point for leading the strategic opportunities of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. The theoretical logic of industrialization lies in the process of continuous optimization and upgrading of the economic structure by continuously optimizing the allocation of resources such as production factors. From the perspective of the supply side, the focus of structural change lies in innovation and the improvement of the level of total factor productivity, opening up a new industrial track with scientific and technological innovation, and realizing the connotative development of industrialization. From the demand side, we must tightly grasp the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, optimize the demand structure, riveting the global market with a strong domestic market, give full play to the advantages of the potential super-large-scale market, and give birth to more technological innovation and business model innovation. Finally, promoting new industrialization with new development concepts is an important measure to cope with the current environmental changes. It is mainly embodied in innovation as the main driving force, coordinated development as a new path, green and low-carbon development as a new background, high-level opening up and expansion of new space, and sharing the fruits of development as a new goal.
Huang Shaoqing: I personally believe that the strategic positioning of China's new industrialization should be a high-level industrialization that integrates digitalization, intelligence, greening and industrialization.
This strategic positioning is in line with the changing current environmental conditions. First, China's factor endowment structure has undergone major changes, which requires an adjustment to a technology-intensive industrial structure. The global carbon emission reduction requirements brought about by climate change have also prompted China to take greening as an important direction of new industrialization. Today, the information technology revolution has penetrated into the stage of artificial intelligence revolution, and on the basis of the original digitization and informatization, it has put forward intelligent requirements for industrialization. Digital technology, artificial intelligence technology and new energy technology are reshaping the global industrial production model, and the combination of highly skilled labor and intelligent equipment representing advanced technology will inevitably become the mainstream mode of industrial production in the future. Therefore, strong original innovation ability and innovative talents will become the basic conditions for China's new industrialization. In addition, considering the current global political environment is relatively turbulent, the new industrialization must also take into account some stage characteristics, that is, to ensure the security of the entire industrial system and the resilience of the industrial chain.
Moderator: **The general secretary emphasized that "in the new era and new journey, it is the key task to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country, the great cause of national rejuvenation, and realize the new type of industrialization with Chinese-style modernization." How to adhere to the path of new industrialization with Chinese characteristics and solidly promote the implementation of various key tasks of new industrialization?
Yu Fan Fan: To solidly promote new industrialization, we must first further improve the market-oriented and law-based environment, enhance the vitality of micro subjects, fully stimulate the endogenous power and innovation vitality of various business entities, and enhance the sense of gain of enterprises. Improve the medium and long-term incentive and restraint mechanism, build an inclusive and prudent fault-tolerant mechanism, and create a good environment for enterprises to dare to break through; Precise policies have been implemented in terms of market access and operation, equal access to factors, fair law enforcement treatment, and legal protection of rights and interests, so as to stabilize the expectations and confidence of private enterprises; Play the two cards of "market + rules", enhance the long-term attractiveness of foreign enterprises, and actively promote domestic enterprises to better integrate into the global first-class chain system by improving their green environmental protection and social responsibility capabilities. Second, improve the corresponding system and mechanism, and optimize the market-oriented allocation of factors. Break down all kinds of explicit and implicit barriers, further promote the two-way free flow of production factors and products between urban and rural areas, between regions, and between industries, and truly form a unified national market. Third, the construction of the data element market should be used as a force to stimulate the deep integration of digital technology and the real economy. The foundation of new industrialization is the elements, and data is the core factor resource. In terms of categorization, grading and confirmation of rights to data, overall planning of the construction of data trading platforms, regulating data production, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of data element market participants, lay the foundation for the development of the digital economy, and enhance the value of digital industrialization and industrial digitization.
Huang Shaoqing: A key task to implement the new industrialization strategy and accelerate the promotion of new industrialization is to build a new national innovation system. A complete original innovation process is usually divided into four stages: basic research, applied technology development (including basic technology development and pre-competitive technology development), product and process development, and new product introduction into the market, and the corresponding work is undertaken by scientists, engineering and technology experts, product process engineers and entrepreneurs. The construction of a new national innovation system must take into account these four stages. At present, China should make efforts in the two core areas of basic research and common technology and pre-competition technology development, form an institutional mechanism conducive to scientific prosperity, and adjust the role of the first in promoting the development of key core common technologies. In addition, in addition to strengthening market competition, it is necessary to activate the technological development activities of enterprises and the entrepreneurial activities that are conducive to the introduction of new products into the market, so as to ensure the continuation of the process of "creative destruction".
Li Wei: Promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial system. Maintain the basic stability of the proportion of manufacturing in GDP and avoid the economy from "moving from real to virtual". Consolidate and enhance the advantages of the whole industrial chain in the fields of new energy vehicles, photovoltaics, mobile communications, and power equipment, cultivate and expand emerging industries such as a new generation of information technology, new energy, and new materials, and promote the formation of a complete, advanced, and resilient new industrial system.
Improve the industrial scientific and technological innovation system. Give full play to the advantages of China's super-large-scale market and the advantages of the new first-class system, and accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies, key common technologies and cutting-edge leading technologies. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, promote the deep integration of innovation chain and industrial chain, and accelerate the construction of new innovation infrastructure. Comprehensively promote the green and low-carbon transformation of industry.
Improve the resilience and safety of the industrial chain. Break through the "stuck points" and "blocking points" of the industrial chain, and smooth the independent and controllable industrial chain; Focusing on key industrial chains, we will further promote "strengthening the chain, supplementing the chain, and stabilizing the chain"; Cultivate "chain master" enterprises, drive and strengthen the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, and create an advantageous industrial chain with world influence; Strengthen and enhance the basic capacity of the industry.
Improve the level of industrial governance. It is necessary to adhere to the better combination of effective market and promising industry, further promote the reform of key areas of the manufacturing industry, improve the industrial policy system and legal system, and strive to build a fair, inclusive and efficient industrial governance system. Adhere to open cooperation and win-win development, strengthen the deep integration with the global industrial chain, and strive to promote a new type of industrialization with continuous improvement of comparative advantages, continuous improvement of industrial division of labor, and continuous enhancement of win-win cooperation.
Moderator: Promoting new industrialization is a major strategy related to the overall situation, and it is also a complex system project, which is not only a tough battle, but also a protracted battle. How to adhere to the system concept, make overall plans and comprehensive policies, and gather a strong synergy to accelerate the promotion of new industrialization?
Li Wei: Adhere to deepening reform and expanding opening up, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all kinds of business entities, actively promote the reform of state-owned enterprises, optimize the development environment of private enterprises, deepen institutional opening-up, and use China's super-large-scale market and improve the industrial system to attract high-level foreign investment in high-tech industries, strategic emerging industries, R&D centers and other fields.
Promote the development of new industrialization with the regional development strategy, effectively grasp the differences in the level of industrialization development between regions in China, give full play to the supporting role of the national unified market, promote the optimal allocation of factors and industrial division of labor and cooperation, lead the rational layout of industries with the strategy of main functional areas, and optimize the spatial layout of new industrialization development.
Improve the multi-level talent supply mechanism, multi-level market demand and the development of the new economic form need high-quality human capital, high-quality talent is the core support of new industrialization, need to break down the obstacles that hinder the free flow of talent elements, form a virtuous circle of talent development, improve the basic education resource allocation mechanism, strengthen the top-level design of talent cultivation, and establish a cross-departmental cooperation mechanism for compound talents.
Yu model: to promote the new industrialization only when it is carried out, not when it is not completed, focus on the formation of the following aspects of the joint force:
First, it is necessary to form a joint force between the productive forces and the relations of production that are suitable for the development of new industrialization. In particular, in the process of "establishment" and "breaking", reform the institutional mechanism that restricts innovation, handle the relationship between the market and the market, and make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and better play a leading role.
The second is to form a joint force between traditional industries and new advantageous industries. The new industrialization is not the industrialization of the one-man show of emerging industries, but the industrialization path of continuous transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, continuous expansion of new industries, continuous integration of new and old industries, and two-way integration of manufacturing and services. Enhance the cutting-edge development level of traditional industries through technological transformation, and provide a foundation for the emergence of new industries; Through scientific and technological innovation and deregulation, we will cultivate the soil for new technologies, new industries, new business forms and new models.
The third is to form a joint force of competition policy and industrial policy. In this regard, we must adhere to the principle of marketization and rule of law, strengthen the basic position of competition policy, give full play to the flexibility of industrial policy, and pay attention to promoting research and development, innovation platform construction, competition, talent training and other aspects of support, and enhance the sense of gain of enterprises. At the same time, the transformation from a single-point industrial policy to an industrial chain policy should enhance the integrity of the industrial policy, pay attention to the dynamic adjustment and life cycle management of the industrial policy, and improve the evaluation mechanism and exit mechanism of the industrial policy.
Huang Shaoqing: To promote the major strategy of new industrialization, we must adhere to the three principles of marketization, rule of law and internationalization.
First of all, the market is fully competitive to be able to drive original innovation efficiently.
Second, the innovation economy is inherently contract-intensive, and only a sound legal environment can ensure that the new industrialization system can achieve full division of labor and cooperation.
Finally, the new type of industrialization needs to maintain the full flow and exchange with the outside world in terms of production factors such as talents, technology, capital, and data.
We will continue to make efforts to promote institutional reform and ensure the "two plays" of the market mechanism and the leading role, which is the greatest guarantee for China's smooth realization of new industrialization.
Point of view. Li Wei:
New industrialization is an important choice based on the characteristics of China's industrialization development stage. China is in a critical period of transformation from a manufacturing power and a network power to a manufacturing power and a network power, and is experiencing a phased transformation from scale-oriented industrialization to high-quality industrialization. New industrialization is the key task of comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization, building a strong material and technological foundation for Chinese-style modernization, and effectively connecting the key tasks of new-type industrialization with the primary task of high-quality development and the important tasks and key paths of building a modern industrial system.
Yu Fanfan: China's new industrialization is different from the "tandem" industrialization path taken by Western developed countries, and we have quickly gone through its industrialization process of several hundred years in a short period of time. China's new-type industrialization as a whole is parallel, superimposed, and compressed industrialization, and the four modernizations of industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization are superimposed and promoted simultaneously. As a large country, China has decided that new industrialization must build a relatively complete modern industrial system.
Huang Shaoqing: To implement the new industrialization strategy is to build a new national innovation system. At present, China should make efforts in the two core areas of basic research and common technology and pre-competition technology development, form an institutional mechanism conducive to scientific prosperity, and adjust the role of the first in promoting the development of key core common technologies. On the basis of strengthening market competition, we will activate the technological development activities of enterprises and the entrepreneurial activities that are conducive to the introduction of new products into the market.
*: Wenhui.