At the beginning of the 20th century, China was in a state of flux, and various complex problems were highlighted. The society is in turmoil, the people are impoverished, internal and external troubles are at the same time, and the people are struggling to move forward, and the first marshal spent his youth in such an era. Just like the confusion in the process of growing up, China at this time has also been actively or passively to the point where it has to grow again, how did the marshal of the famous general of the "Sichuan Army" explore and find a glorious road?
In 1892, ** was born in Zhaojiachang, Kaixian County, Sichuan. Similar to the wife cake without a wife, although there is a Zhao in Zhao's house, the people who live here do not necessarily have the surname Zhao. **'s home is from his grandfather's generation to move here, but it is said to be a relocation, in fact, it is not impossible to call it a home, grandfather Liu Zhengfu because he can't pay the money, he can't land the land, he has to make a living elsewhere, and after thinking about it for a long time, Liu Zhengfu chose to open up the wasteland on the bank of the Puli River in Kaixian County. Because he is strong, witty and hardworking, plus some blacksmiths are skilled in his skills, and can also play suona, etc., after a period of struggle, he finally gained a firm foothold in this place and settled down.
Liu Zhengfu gave birth to six sons in his family, and worked hard with his sons, and finally made the family gradually prosperous. **'s father, Liu Wenbing, as the youngest son, can be regarded as a little bit of light after the family is well-off, and he has studied private school for ten years with a solid family background. Liu Wenbing's character is Huchen, and he also understands his father's desire to join the company by himself in order to make the family no longer a farmer for generations, so he worked hard and studied seriously.
However, although the desire to achieve an ideal life through one's own efforts is beautiful, in feudal society, it can usually only stay at the level of "wish". Ordinary agricultural families, not to mention being brutally exploited under the feudal system, not to mention natural and man-made disasters that can easily destroy the economic structure, even if they resist all, an ordinary family that can provide food and clothing, even if they can afford their children to go to private school, they have to see whether the children love to read, and if the children love to read, they also have to see whether the children can read well, and even if they can read well, they even have to see whether the children of other people's families can read better.
From an economic point of view alone, studying at a high level of expenditure seems to be a kind of "venture capital" for feudal peasants who have a sufficient economic level to meet the standards, and the risk is not small. However, from an economic point of view, in the long run, reading is almost the only way for them to get rid of the extremely unstable economic life of small farmers, in contrast, letting children study, at most a generation's "risk", without reading, the whole family will have to fight against the risk of the small farmer economy for generations, reading as almost the only way to rise, has become a "human" hard demand, so the social atmosphere is like this.
Liu Wenbing was not admitted to Xiucai in the end, not because of the reasons mentioned above. It's not because of lack of money, it's not because it's not love, it's not because it can't pass the test. If life is a book and life is a story, then what happened to him is an "unexpected but reasonable" plot.
Because Liu Zhengfu blew suona to make money when he started his business, his family was directly put into the list of "advocating excellence", because he took the initiative to take the exam, violated the rules of the Qing Dynasty, and was not only expelled from the examination room, but even had to suffer a lawsuit. In the end, it was only after spending money to guide it.
After that, Liu Wenbing had no choice but to go home to work and became a famous "mud-footed literati" on the banks of the Puli River.
However, in any case, his own stubbornness and years of learning made Liu Wenbing not give up easily, and he pinned his hopes on the next generation.
** grew up in this expectation, but his upbringing was a little different from his father's.
After Liu Wenbing's mourning period for his parents expired, the brothers split up, because the cost of the lawsuit was not small, and each family had a share, so he was the least to get the least, and his life was probably only passable.
Even if it is reluctant, ** still from the age of four or five, to accept the education of his father, and then Liu Wenbing found that he had to cultivate the land, the child was not watched, it was difficult to study by himself, and he also felt that "his own family teaching could not be a child", so he found a private school in the village for the five-year-old ***, and later found that the child's grades were not ideal, so he wanted to find a teacher with real talent and learning, and it was best to be a strict teacher.
It is considered an opportunity for those who are prepared, Liu Wenbing found a talent who claimed to be from a humble background and failed to try, and went to the neighborhood to beg. During the conversation with him, he found that he was indeed talented, and perhaps with a sense of sympathy, Liu Wenbing helped him open a small private school with more than 20 children in the village. Nature is among them.
Mr. Xin's name is Ren Xianshu, Liu Wenbing hopes that he can be strict with children, but Ren Xianshu has his own views on education, thinking that children's nature cannot be rebellious, only can be channeled, and all kinds of playful behaviors of *** and friends are only slowly guided. Although Liu Wenbing's ideas are different, it doesn't matter if he finds that his academic level has indeed improved.
Ren Xianshu knows martial arts himself, in addition to teaching children to read and write, he will also teach martial arts, which may be regarded as a kind of "military training" and interesting education methods, so that children can vent their excess energy. In addition to the different ways of education, Ren Xianshu's thoughts are also very common in this small place in the countryside. When he explained his educational philosophy to Liu Wenbing, he once said: Children's nature is like the way of heaven, and they cannot be disobeyed, but can only be guided. I want to be the Qin Emperor of China and the Han Dynasty, and his martial arts are outstanding, but now he is cultivating martial arts, taking the imperial examination, and his martial arts are weakened, so he is defeated in the first day. How few Chinese warriors are. These ideas can also be regarded as a kind of social trend of thought at that time, and it is difficult to say how much influence Ren Xianshu's education on *** had on his future efforts to save the country and the people, and to firmly embark on the military road.
After six years of studying in Ren Xianshu's small private school, ** later transferred to the "Hanxi Academy", where the scope of teaching is much broader than that of ordinary private schools, with many new subjects such as Chinese, mathematics, physics and chemistry, and geography. In 1905, the Qing Dynasty announced the abolition of the imperial examination, and the new-style school began to meet the eyes of more students. At the same time, the higher primary school hall in Kaixian County, which heard the news, expanded its enrollment, and many students from "Hanxi Academy" went to apply for the examination, **Because of the tuition problem, they did not go to register after thinking about it for a long time, and the host of the academy heard that the situation of this student who usually gets along well with himself because of his excellent studies, he was concerned and let *** go to apply for the examination, and the cost did not need to worry.
**Naturally, I am very grateful, and I also lived up to expectations, and my exam results were among the best, and I was placed in Class A according to my grades. In this new-style school, I came into contact with many progressive ideas, and under the deliberate guidance of many progressive teachers and their own needs, I read a large number of books, newspapers and periodicals, broadened my horizons, and learned about the current situation.
At the age of 15, **'s father died due to lung disease and years of hard work, and for the sake of the family's livelihood, as the eldest son, he left the school and shouldered his own responsibility.
Due to the simple understanding and practical needs of "more people are stronger" and "old people have something to rely on", people in feudal society often love to have many children, Liu Wenbing also has many children, the oldest has 5 younger brothers and sisters. Liu Wenbing, who was originally an adult laborer, although it was very hard to raise children, but in a few more years, the children would be better when they grew up, but no one could have imagined that misfortune would come suddenly.
15-year-old *** began to bear the burden of the family with his mother, but although he worked hard and worked hard to make money, his family still often ate the last meal, and the younger brothers and sisters were still yellow and thin, and all this made *** more and more hard-working, but also made him begin to have questions about himself, questions about this society, so that he began to pay more attention to the present, pay attention to reality, and pay attention to society. At this time, what he learned in school will become the nourishment for his search for answers. He also felt more and more that the world was uneven, and it was difficult to realize his ideals and retribution. The fate of the individual is closely related to the fate of the country.
As I grow older and more experienced, I feel more and more that my life needs to change, and the same is true for the country and society. At that time, Mr. Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles have greatly touched the young people of society, and ** is also one of them. In 1910, with the yearning for the revolution and the need to find a job, ** went to Shanghai with a few friends. A few young people turned left and right in this bustling city, dazed. Neither the revolutionary party nor Sun Yat-sen was found, and in the end, even the job that could stay and continue to search and make a living was found, and several people could only return to their hometown rather helplessly.
In 1911, the arrival of the Xinhai Revolution gave a glimmer of light to those who were thinking about the future of the country. He resolutely chose the path of joining the army, and most of his relatives and friends did not approve of this move, believing that it was dangerous and difficult to find a way out. And *** returned: "The big husband should fight the sword to save the people from fire and water, and he doesn't care about his own wealth." ", resolutely cut off the whip. The mother is also very worried about the decision to join the army, if the eldest son in the family also has an accident, then the family's livelihood will be even more unsettled. ** then persuaded: It's not okay to keep going like this at home, it's better to go out and have a good time.
After making up his mind, ** quickly took action.
On New Year's Day in 1912, China ** was founded. However, although the Qing Dynasty collapsed, the revolutionary task of the Xinhai Revolution was far from over. All localities have established or expanded their troops and opened military academies, and a treacherous and changeable storm is coming, and the inertia of the old era still plays its role in the process of moving towards the new era.
In February, the well-prepared *** was admitted to the general school opened by the Shu Army in Chongqing and began to study many modern military courses. Because Japan is the closest country to China with a high degree of modernization, it has a great impact on China's modern times, so most of the military courses learned at that time followed the "model order" issued by the Japanese War Department, such as "Infantry Drill Manual", "Shooting Instruction" and so on. Of course, in addition to these, the military school also handed in some elementary tactics and topography, etc.
**The study in the military academy is very hard, whether it is practical exercises or theoretical courses, he is very serious to complete and implement. This is also his consistent style of learning. In addition, in addition to what is taught in school, ** also often look for and buy curriculum books from other military schools to read, compare, reference or supplement. In addition, he studied the traditional works of our country, such as "Sun Tzu", "Wu Zi", and "Sima Fa", and thought about and understood the military ideas and strategic theories contained therein.
Because of his hard work, excellent grades, and lack of vices and bad habits that were common in the army at that time, he was called the "Bodhisattva" in the army by his classmates. And the persistence of this kind of excellent quality, the realm of "out of the mud without staining", is inseparable from the role of internal and external forces. On the one hand, my own personality and education have contributed to the self-consciousness I have cultivated. On the other hand, at that time, in addition to buying books, *** sent all the monthly official salaries he earned to his mother to subsidize the family.
After ten months of tireless training, ** graduated at the end of 1912. He had excellent grades in all subjects and was assigned to Xiong Kewu's unit as a trainee and a member of Xiong Kewu's division of the Fifth Division of the Sichuan Army. He successively served as secretary general and platoon commander.
Due to the nature of the Xinhai Revolution, which was born with some "malnutrition" in China, coupled with the weakness and compromise of the bourgeoisie, Yuan Shikai succeeded in plundering the glorious fruits of the Xinhai Revolution, but he soon revealed his true colors. Imperialism naturally wanted to see a gloomy China, and they were eager to find a new spokesperson, and they quickly chose Yuan Shikai, who had the dream of restoration, and Yuan Shikai, who had the dream of restoration, also understood that his advantage was to "endure humiliation and bear the burden", and the two could be said to be an instant hit, and after having the aid of imperialism and a period of forbearance preparations, Yuan Shikai finally unraveled his own veil that was not actually mysterious, and began to expand the reactionary army on a large scale and openly suppress the revolutionaries. In response, there have been uprisings in various places to resolutely resist such atrocities.
Xiong Kewu was an early member of the League, a well-known Sichuan revolutionary, and was appointed commander-in-chief of the Shu army after the Xinhai Revolution, and used his reputation to recruit many soldiers. Yuan Shikai's counter-revolutionary actions in Sichuan were not represented by him, but by Hu Jingyi, who took refuge in himself and appointed him governor of Sichuan.
At that time, the situation in Shu was complicated, but in any case, Xiong Kewu could see that if he hesitated, he would be annexed by Hu Jingyi sooner or later. Due to the unfavorable anti-Yuan uprisings in various places around him, he knew that he could not rely on external rescue to start an incident in a hurry. In late July, Xiong Kewu and other Kuomintang people conspired in Chongqing to respond to the anti-Yuan army, and on August 4, they formally formed an army against Yuan.
Hu Jingyi has the support of Yuan Shikai, and his combat power in Shu is not comparable to Xiong Kewu and others for a while. At that time, there were five divisions in Shudi, and in a hurry, except for the one brought by Xiong Kewu himself, the remaining four all fell to Hu Jingyi, and none of them were won. In addition, there were some counter-revolutionary troops staying in Shudi, which also gave Xiong Kewu a headache.
In addition to the above, other local militia groups and bandits were lured by Hu Jingyi to join the war against the bears. may take into account the fact that the recruits are on the field, and the first actual combat of ** is to be arranged to face these bandits. However, this first actual combat left a lot of trouble for ***.
One day, ** received an order to its platoon to arrive at Qijiang first and launch an attack on the bandit troops. The *** who soon arrived at the combat position was still the platoon commander because it was the first battle, and no one wanted to leave everyone with the idea of looking ahead and backwards, even if it was actually a reasonable plan. In addition, the main thing that recruits need is courage, and the layout plan is not necessarily in place. In addition, there are bandits on the opposite side, and generally speaking, when they see the regular army, they will disperse as soon as they rush. He arranged the formation, gave an order, and rushed to the front of the local position with his head.
However, when I ran and found that something was wrong, why was the shouting and killing sound so small? As a result, when I looked back, only about five or six soldiers rushed up in the entire platoon, and the rest were all practicing military posture in the same place. The *** who was cold in his heart was suddenly helpless, and quickly pulled a few "stunned greens" and ran back.
To be honest, this kind of "hard rush" has helped *** to a certain extent, and if you really arrange any tactics, it may be really dangerous to rush up.
This incident directly made *** see the importance of pre-war mobilization, and also understood that the troops that can truly unite everyone can give full play to their true strength.
If this battle can be attributed to the normal performance of the newcomers, then another battle makes *** more able to see the "weakness" of the unit.
At that time, the first detachment of the Yuan army directly participated in the battle of the cold slope field, which was quite fierce, and he fully absorbed the experience of the last Qijiang battle, communicated with the soldiers in the platoon under the battlefield, closely united, and actively encouraged and inspired people before the battlefield, and stimulated the subjective enthusiasm of the soldiers to fight, and the results were good. In a battle, ** finished the pre-war mobilization, together with another platoon commander, led the troops to kill the enemy, and after several fierce tug-of-wars, he finally captured the position. However, when the company commander Pu Jianming saw that the battle was so fierce, he was so frightened that he returned directly to the battalion headquarters to report, saying that the people of the first company had finished fighting and needed support urgently.
And *** had just won the battle, but he couldn't find the company commander to report, so he had no choice but to report directly to the battalion headquarters that he had seized the position. This confused the battalion commander Li Yaozhang, just now the company commander came to "report the emergency", and now how can the platoon commander come to "report the victory".
When Li Yaozhang figured out the situation, he couldn't help but despise Pu Jianming, and directly appointed *** as the ** company commander.
This series of experiences has made the army realize that in order to give full play to the role of the troops, it is necessary to have good organizational work and ideological construction.
Although the Yuan army itself had a strong sense of progress, it eventually suffered defeat due to its own instability and the strength of external reactionary forces.
In the face of defeat, he was not discouraged, and he further thought about the way out of the revolution in practice. In 1914, ** joined the Chinese Revolutionary Party organized by Sun Yat-sen in Shanghai, and was ordered to return to Sichuan, and raised a team of more than 400 people to form the fourth detachment of the East Sichuan Protector.
Since then, he has been fighting in the Sichuan army for more than 10 years, and the *** who has "bullet marks all over his body" also enjoys the reputation of "famous general in Sichuan". In the midst of the war, the will and thought of the first class have been tempered, and the art of military command has become more and more condensed. However, all this made *** more and more confused, and his years of hard work were still difficult to even calm the war in the land of Shu. Coupled with what he saw and heard in the old warlord army, this not only made him begin to reflect on his own path and choices, but also deeply realized that force is necessary, but it is also a double-edged sword, which must be used in the right place, and the right thinking is the guiding light.
In 1923, while recuperating from his injuries in Chengdu, he met Yang Yangong and Wu Yuzhang, and because of his close contacts, his understanding of the Communist Party of China began to gradually deepen. However, when someone persuaded him to join the Communist Party, after years of experience and exploration, he said: You can't bow down at the sight of the flag, you must first have a deeper understanding.
In 1924, after inspecting the specific conditions and revolutionary forms in Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and other places with Wu Yuzhang, he was full of excitement about the vitality of the people who had joined the Communist Party of China, and strengthened his confidence and belief in communism.
In 1926, under the introduction of Yang Yangong and Wu Yuzhang, he joined the Communist Party of China. A new chapter has begun. Since then, he has been steadfast in his beliefs, studied hard, and fought bravely. He fully integrated his military talent with his ideological brilliance and with theory and practice, and made great military achievements in seeking the happiness and development of the people. It was his tenacious will and the spirit of exploration, as well as his continuous learning and thinking with a realistic attitude, that finally allowed him to find a path suitable for himself and his country.