At present, early spring vegetables have begun to be planted, but if we do not refine seedlings in advance, master the planting time, and the asymmetry of planting watering, this article is written by Jiang Shaolong, a senior agronomist in the old urban and rural areas of Yuanmou County, how to manage and explain, early spring vegetable cultivation technology, growers' vegetable seedlings may directly appear frost damage, stem base rot and other situations.
When the vast field is planted with vegetables, how should growers manage it so that the vegetables can grow better and have a higher survival rate?
Tomato seed planting disease technology, just when spring planting is in the spring, Xiang Yanjun for the "early spring vegetable planting precautions", the cheats that need to be paid attention to before and after planting are sorted out, and shared with everyone, I hope it will be useful to everyone!
1. Preparation before planting.
1.Seedling refining: What is seedling refining? Seedling refining is the process of forcibly exercising the seedlings by taking measures such as wind, cooling, and appropriate water control in the case of seedling cultivation in the protected area, so that the seedlings can quickly adapt to the adverse environmental conditions of the land after planting, shorten the seedling slowing time, and enhance the resistance to low temperature and strong wind.
If vegetable growers want to slow down the seedlings after transplanting and planting, grow well, grow strong, have strong stress resistance, and be able to bloom early, bear fruit early, and mature early, we should scientifically refine the seedlings before planting, and master the time of seedling refining.
2.Seedling refining time: the time of seedling refining is generally about a week, that is to say, we should carry out 7-10 days before transplanting and planting, the first 5-7 days are generally temperature control, water control, and proper ventilation, and the next 3-4 days are generally continued to cool, water control, and comprehensive ventilation, so as to promote the seedlings to fully adapt to the environment after transplanting.
3.Temperature management during seedling refining: During the seedling refining period, for temperature management, the temperature can be slightly higher during the day (temperature-loving vegetables can reach 15-20, cold-tolerant vegetables can reach 15-18), and the night temperature can be slightly lower to about 12.
It must be noted that the cooling should be carried out gradually, the water control should be appropriate, and the ventilation should be from small to large.
2. Post-planting management, 1Planting time, from the perspective of conducive to cultivating strong roots, it is recommended that everyone choose to plant in good weather, and it is best to maintain 2-3 consecutive good weather. Many vegetable farmers think that when planting seedlings on cloudy days, the intensity of sunlight is not large, and the seedlings will not wilt, which is more conducive to slowing down the seedlings. And this is precisely the practice that is not conducive to root cultivation.
Third, the reason is: planting on cloudy days, weak light intensity, the seedlings after planting do not seem to wilt, slow seedlings quickly, but after the rainy weather turns clear, the sudden increase in light intensity and the rapid rise of temperature, but more likely to lead to acute wilting of seedlings, serious dehydration and death.
Fourth, because of the cloudy day, the humidity in the shed is high, the environmental conditions of high humidity and weak light not only weaken the transpiration of seedlings, but also the moisture in the air can basically meet the needs of seedlings stems and leaves, so it is not conducive to rooting, or even if rooting, it is only aerial rooting. After the weather clears, the humidity in the shed decreases, and the transpiration of the plant is suddenly intensified, and the water absorbed by the root system cannot meet the needs of transpiration, and wilting will inevitably occur, and serious dehydration and death will occur.
5. Although, planting in fine weather, the seedlings will wilt slightly, but this wilting is the self-regulation of the seedlings, in order to adapt to the environment, the seedlings will not only reduce the evaporation of water in the body, but also promote their roots to grow faster and deeper; At the same time, small seedlings are planted (Solanaceae vegetables are generally planted when 4-6 leaves are planted), which is more conducive to slow seedlings. After 2-3 days, as new roots emerge, the plant enters a normal state of growth without acute wilting.
2.Planting method, the crops planted at this time, whether it is planting tomatoes or cucumbers, must be ridged planting, because at this time it is still in the time of low ground temperature and low temperature, ridge cultivation is conducive to slowing down seedlings and can also increase ground temperature.
Sixth, when planting, the plant row spacing is also very critical, such as planting tomatoes, the ridge is generally 80 cm wide in large rows, 50 cm wide in small rows, and the plant spacing is about 40 cm according to different varieties when planting. When planting cucumbers, the row spacing is 70 cm for large rows, 50 cm for small rows, and 28-30 cm for plant spacing.
When planting, row spacing is critical. Growers must pay attention to the fact that they must not be planted on flat land (planted on flat land), and the row spacing of the planted plants should not be too dense or too thin. Otherwise, it will have a great impact on the yield of the crop.
When vegetable growers plant in early spring, they generally need to plant shallowly, because the temperature is low in early spring, and it is not easy to root when planted deeply. For example, cucumber itself is also a shallow root crop, but it requires a lot of water, in order to facilitate the root system to absorb water and nutrients, it is suitable for shallow planting, but you have to say how deep it is shallow planting, and you also need to judge according to the soil quality and other conditions, and you need to determine the depth according to the specific local conditions.
3.Divided into levels and areas, vegetable farmers often do not carry out classified management when planting, which increases the difficulty of management. Therefore, it is recommended that large and small seedlings, strong and weak seedlings should be planted in different levels and areas when planting.
According to the different stubbles, the seedling classification and planting area are different. The seedlings of winter, spring and early spring stubble in the low temperature season should be planted in accordance with the principle of large seedlings in the south, middle seedlings in the middle, and small seedlings in the north.
On the one hand, because the front face of the greenhouse is directly separated from the outside world, there is no heat storage wall or thermal insulation layer, which is easily affected by the low temperature outside the greenhouse, which is not conducive to the slow seedling and growth of vegetables; On the other hand, it is easy to be blocked by the front row of the shed, and the light time of the front face of the greenhouse is short, which will also inhibit the normal growth of vegetables. If small vegetable seedlings are planted here, due to the slow seedlings and poor growth, they cannot achieve unified management, so large seedlings are planted. Compared with the front face of the north side of the shed, the temperature is high and the light is long, which is conducive to the slow seedling and growth of vegetable seedlings, so the seedlings are planted.
When planting vegetables, it is also possible to separate the large and small seedlings and plant them in a centralized manner. For example, in the low temperature season, the selected weak seedlings will be planted in the middle of the shed with good light and high temperature, which is conducive to the rapid growth of seedlings. It is best not to plant on both sides of the shed and the front face position, because the two sides of the shed and the front face are more serious in the low temperature season, so the ground temperature is lower than the middle position, which is not conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings or strong roots.
4.After planting, temperature management, after we plant slow seedlings, we should appropriately increase the difference between day and night for squatting seedlings, which can promote the vegetable seedlings to become stronger and stronger.
Generally, in the control of squatting seedling temperature, bean vegetables are controlled at 26-28 during the day and 12-14 at night, nightshade vegetables are controlled at 25-28 during the day and 12-14 at night, and melons and fruits are controlled at 26-30 during the day and 14-15 at night.
Normally, in the spring, when the weather is fine, the temperature in the greenhouse can be kept high, so we don't need to heat it up. However, in cloudy and rainy weather, the shed needs to be heated with insulation materials such as thermos cups and straw curtains (the temperature is kept at about 16, which is 4% lower than at night).
5.Humidity management after planting, vegetable growers should try to control the relative humidity in the greenhouse at 70%-80% when planting. When the indoor humidity is high or the temperature is too low, we need to open the air outlet to let the air flow to create a suitable humidity environment, and at the same time, a certain amount of ventilation can also prevent the occurrence of diseases. If necessary, a dehumidifier can also be used to dehumidify the room.
When the indoor humidity is not reached, the humidity in the soil or air can be increased by proper sprinkler irrigation.
6.After planting, fertilizer and water management, vegetables should be watered reasonably to ensure that the substrate is moist, so that the plants do not wilt. For example, when we plant tomatoes, because most vegetable farmers take the first watering and then wait for the moisture to be suitable, and then ridge planting. Therefore, we should not water the seedlings too quickly to avoid causing the ground temperature to drop.
Generally speaking, the slow seedling water should be about 1 week after planting, choose to carry out on a sunny day, we had better water under the film, after watering, we must pay attention to raising the ground temperature, and timely release wind and moisture. When we are watering, we should choose clean water quality to prevent algae plants from growing and clogging the drip irrigation pipes.
At the same time, in the later stage, we should combine watering and timely top dressing, but generally in the case of sufficient bottom fertilizer, we do not use much fertilizer after vegetable planting, the main task is to promote root growth, and make good use of various functional fertilizers, such as bacterial fertilizer and rooting fertilizer.
In fact, the most important thing in growing vegetables is management. When we plant vegetables, if we manage the critical period mentioned above, it will definitely play a vital role in whether the seedlings survive and grow vigorously and healthily. Therefore, we must do a good job in planting management before planting, especially after planting, writer: Jiang Shaolong.