China's "Pesticide Management Regulations" clearly stipulates that pesticides refer to the prevention, killing or control of diseases, insect pests, weeds and other pests that may pose a threat to agricultural and forestry plants and plant products, or by purposefully adjusting the growth and development of plants and insects and preparations. These chemicals can be derived from living organisms or other natural substances, and are mixtures of one or several substances. Among them, there are various classifications of pesticides, which can be divided into insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides, rodenticides and plant growth regulators.
1. Insecticides
Pesticides are pesticides that are toxic to kill and control harmful insects, and can also control the growth of populations of these pests or reduce their damage in other ways. The use of pesticides is the largest and the most varied.
The mechanism of action of pesticides can be roughly summarized into two categories, one is the nervous system agent, their main mode of action is to affect nerve cells, and the other is to interfere with the metabolism of agents, which mainly affect the physiological and metabolic processes of the insect body by disrupting the intracellular biochemical reaction.
Insecticide control objects:Control lepidoptera (moths, butterflies), homoptera (aphids, leafhoppers, planthoppers, scale insects, etc.), Coleoptera (longhorn beetles, beetles, giddings, etc.), Hemiptera (bugs), Diptera (flies, mosquitoes), tasseloptera (thrips), hymenoptera (bees, ants) and other pests.
2. Acaricides
Acaricides are pesticides that have a control effect on harmful mites, and the early acaricides are mainly inactive agents of sulfur and sulfur. The current acaricide should have the following characteristics:
It has a strong acaricidal effect, not only has a toxic killing effect on adult mites, but also has a good killing effect on mite eggs, mites and young mites, that is to say, it can prevent and control all the insect states of mites;
It is necessary to have a long duration of effect, so that mites can be controlled during all growth periods;
The chemical properties should be relatively stable, and can be mixed with other pesticides to achieve the simultaneous treatment of other pests and diseases;
It should be safe for crops, less toxic to humans and higher animals, and the natural enemies of pests on plants should not be killed, and at the same time, it should not cause pollution to the environment.
Acaricide control objects:Red spiders, white spiders, etc., such as avidadifen, spirodifen, ethoxazole, **tin, tetramitezine, etc.
3. Fungicides
Fungicides are pesticides that can kill, inhibit or neutralize pathogenic microorganisms, so that plants and their products are not harmed by them or remove diseases.
The main classification of fungicides is protectant, ** agent, eradicator three kinds, usually the protective agent and the first agent are used together, prevention and ** are carried out simultaneously.
Fungicide control object: fungus(most fungicides),Bacteria(Zhongshengmycin, neonystatin, thiazole zinc, Chunleimycin, etc.).Viruses(morpholinobiguanide, amino-oligosaccharides, etc.). Fungicides are divided into protective fungicides, fungicides and fungicides that have both protective and asexual effects.
4. Nematicides
Nematicides can easily diffuse in the form of liquids or gases in the soil environment, and the stability of the environment is relatively strong. In this way, it can enter through the epidermis of the nematode and play a role in poisoning.
The object of nematicide control: Root-knot agents, cystic agents, etc., such as phosphine, acitretin, phosphine, fluopyramide, etc.
5. Herbicides
According to the different functions, herbicides can be mainly divided into two types: interminate and selective. Herbicides are the ones that kill all crops, and they are mainly used before planting. Selective herbicides are made according to the different resistance of different types of crops, killing weeds without causing harm to seedlings.
Herbicide control objects:Biocidal herbicides: glyphosate, diquat, glufosinate.
Selective herbicides: quinoxalin, high-efficiency flupyramethoxalin, ethylcarboxyflufen, chlorofluoropyroxyacetic acid, etcFiefdom herbicides: pendimethalin, acetochlor, flulamine, metolachlor, sec-butyl, methyl ethyl, promethalachlor, etc.
6. Rodenticides
The rodenticides commonly used in China can be divided into two categories: acute rodenticides and chronic rodenticides according to their effects. Acute refers to the agent whose poisoning effect is rapid, the incubation period is short, only 1 2 days or even a few hours, and can cause poisoning death. Chronic means that its poisoning effect is slow, the incubation period is long, and it generally causes rodent poisoning after 2 to 3 days.
Rodenticide A pesticide used to control rodent pests. Such as rat sodium salt, fluororatone, etc.
7. Plant growth regulators
Plant growth regulator is a substance that has similar physiological and biological effects to plant hormones through artificial synthesis of substances with similar physiological and biological effects to effectively regulate the growth process of crops, achieve the purpose of stabilizing yield, increasing yield, improving quality, and enhancing crop stress resistance.
Plant growth conditions are mainly used in:Gibberellin, brassin, paclobutrazol, chlormequatin, cytosin, indoleacetic acid, ethephon, etc.