Today we will continue to talk about poetry and lyrics.
Today we are going to enter a new unit, and talk to you about the world we live in, and there will inevitably be some connections with others and the surrounding environment, society, and the world.
For example, since we are alive and living in the environment, we will inevitably be affected by it, in this world, how should we view the interpersonal and social environment around us? Will we be affected by it?
Dai Retro has two such lines of poetry said very well, he said.
I have snow and ice in my heart, and I am not invaded by the heat.
Wear vintage. That is to say,If a person has enough concentration and perseverance, then he will not care too much about the influence of the surrounding environment.
Mr. Zhang Jing and Mr. Ye Jiaying under the begonia tree at the Prince Gong's Mansion Museum in Beijing.
"There is no rain or shine."
How did our ancients reflect it in poetry? I think the most typical, and the most familiar to everyone, may be Su Shi's "Fixing the Storm".
There is a small preface in front of "Fixing the Storm", I don't know if you have paid attention to it before.
On 7 March, it rained on Shahu Road. The rain gear went first, and the peers were embarrassed, and the rest was unaware. It has been clear, so I made this word.
This preface explains the background of the development of things, March 7th, is the specific time, in classical poetry, the beginning of the time and place, often the author thinks that it is a record of history, that is, I am describing a real thing.
That is to say, in our classical poems, such as Wei Zhuang's "Qin Women's Yin", he would say.
In the spring of March, the flowers outside Luoyang City are like snow.
It is to point out the time and place, and clearly tell us that there was indeed such an experience, and the fact is that the things described are true.
For example, Du Fu also wrote.
The second autumn of the emperor, the beginning of the eighth month of the leap month. Du Zi will march north, and ask the family.
Du Fu's "Northern Expedition".
In fact, it also tells us that the things described in *** are also true.
Therefore, here Su Shi first explained the time when the incident happened: March 7; Location: Shahu Road; What happened? In case of rain.
And in case of rain, we have to pay attention, Su Shi explained here, it appeared a group of people, he said, "The rain gear goes first, and the peers are embarrassed", not Su Shi alone, there are some people around him who are walking together. But "all embarrassed", everyone will feel embarrassed.
Maybe we've all experienced the sudden rain, and we feel embarrassed. Why? Because the rain came so suddenly, we didn't have time to prepare rain gear, we felt like our hair was wet and our shoes were covered with mud ......This seems to be the reason for our embarrassment and nervousness, and our hearts first tense up, thinking, "Oh, my hair is going to be wet; Oops, my shoes are going to get muddy", so "my peers are embarrassed".
But Su Shi is also a member of his peers, why would he "be unaware"? Why didn't Su Shi feel embarrassed? The same thing, the same heavy rain, why is only Su Shi have such a concentration and perseverance?
And in the end, he wrote very well, "It has been sunny, pretend to be this word", that is, in such a sudden wind and rain, Su Shi had an epiphany, so he wrote it into words, and this poem is still being recited by you and me after the ages, which may be the charm of classical Chinese poetry, let's read this little word together:
"Fixing the Storm".
Su Shi Mo didn't listen to the sound of the forest beating the leaves, why not chant and walk slowly. Bamboo cane shoes are lighter than horses, who is afraid? A cloud of smoke and rain is Ren Ping's life.
The steep spring breeze blows the wine and wakes up, slightly cold, and the mountain is obliquely shining but welcomes. Looking back at the bleak place, there is no wind and rain and no sunshine.
Because we talked about the confrontation of "peers are embarrassed, and Yu Du is unconscious", we take such a picture, especially for the relationship between people and the external environment, especially the changing environment, to see what kind of inspiration this poem will give us
"Don't listen to the sound of the forest beating the leaves"., you have to pay attention to the words used in this, "through the forest", "beating leaves", "wearing" and "beating" are extremely powerful, we will feel a kind of fullness of pen power. Just like Du Fu said.
Planting bamboo and green, planting peaches are red.
Du fu. It's just that if I don't do this thing, if I want to do it, I have to do it to the extreme. What to do with such a sudden storm? Su Shi said, "Don't listen", so he wiped it out. No matter how big the wind and rain is, no matter how sudden the attack, as long as your heart is strong enough, as long as your heart is firm enough, and you don't listen to it, it will not disturb you.
For the same wind and rain, some people will feel particularly nervous, some people will feel unbearable, but some people will feel that they canErase all this with "Don't listen". That is to say, as long as I have enough perseverance and concentration in my heart, then I will also have a strong and firm attitude within me when I come to face the woods and leaves.
We often talk about Confucius, Confucius had many students, which student did Confucius admire the most? That's right, it's Yan Hui.
Yan Hui was the one who did the best in middle school when he was a student of Confucius?
Was Yan Hui the one who made the most money among Confucius's students?
Was Yan Hui the most successful of Confucius's students?
It doesn't seem to be.
But we can see that in the Analects, Confucius once praised Yan Hui twice in a passage. He said.
Zi said: "Virtuous, go back!" A spoonful of food, a scoop of drink, in the alley. People can't bear their worries, and they won't change their pleasures. Virtuous, back! ”
The Analects of Yongye
Virtuous, back! "You see at the beginning he said, "Oh, my student named Yan Hui is amazing.
Why did Confucius praise a ** so highly? It's just that Yan Hui has achieved "a spoonful of food, a scoop of drink, in the alley", that is, under extremely harsh material conditions, he can survive, this is one thing.
More importantly, "people are unbearable", that is, to survive in such an environment, ordinary people will be unbearable, feel very annoyed, very anxious, eat the last meal without the next meal, "people are unbearable". But "Hui does not change his happiness", Yan Hui also lives in such a difficult environment, such an environment of minimum material conditions, he can not only survive, but he also does not change his happiness, this is where he surpasses ordinary people.
Ordinary people will feel that the conditions we live in are too simple, the food I eat is too simple, and we often complain, so that our mood and mentality will change. But the great thing about Yan Hui is that others think that such a bad material condition is very bad, but Yan Hui can not only survive, but he can still find this joy in such an environment, which is "virtuous, Huiye!" "Very rare place.
Confucius and Yan Hui in the movie "Confucius".
When it comes to people and the environment, we say that there are many things that we can't choose, such as which region we came into this world, which region we were born in, and which family we grew up in, which seems to be really something we can't choose. However, what we can choose is our mentality when facing this environment, and I think this is what we can experience from Su Shi's song "Fixing the Storm".
"Don't listen to the sound of the forest beating the leaves".Not only can I keep myself from listening to it in such a strong storm, I will not be disturbed by it, and I will try to minimize my interference from it. And he said "why not roar and walk", and I still have to have my own rhythm to keep going, and I have to continue to move towards my goal. Therefore, "why not roar and walk slowly", not only do I want to move towards my goal, but my attitude is calm, and I am moving forward with a roar. This shows that he is in a state of self-control, self-control, self-seeking, and self-consistency.
Bamboo cane shoes are lighter than horses, who is afraid? "What do I have right now? It's a bamboo cane, it's a mango shoe, it's a piece of equipment that goes out at least, although it's simple, but he said, "Who is afraid?" A cloud of smoke and rain is Ren Ping's life. As long as I have such a coat, then I can "live my life". That is to say, we often face a problem, we often complain, if we complain, as our poem says, "spring sleepy, autumn and summer, sleep, winter still want to sleep more", if we find a reason, we can always find such and such reasons for our current sluggishness and lying down. But "a cloud of smoke and rain is a life", but as long as we have the minimum equipment to go out, we should start our own itinerary, we should start from the present, this is what Su Shi told us. Although it was only a small environment where he encountered rain on the way, he did have a kind of concentration and perseverance.
"Flowing water and high mountains know themselves".
When it comes to inner concentration, we may be more familiar with "the poor and the lowly can not be moved, the mighty can not be bent, the rich and noble cannot be lewd", and so on the influence of the external environment on a person's inner quality, whether we can be firm, in fact, depends on personal cultivation. I remember that there was once a couplet, it seems to be Zeng Guofan, he achieved a meritorious deed, and after winning the battle, there were many protégés and former officials, so they came to their leader together, hoping that he could have some further push, replace him, and so on. Zeng Guofan locked himself in his room for three days and three nights, and then he threw out two lines of poetry.
Relying on the sky and the sea are innumerable, and the flowing water and mountains know themselves.
Zeng Guofan (a collection of predecessors' poems into a couplet).
As soon as these protégés and former officials saw it, they all dispersed, and did not continue to persuade Zeng Guofan to replace him.
Why? Because"Relying on the sky and the sea are innumerable".When facing these problems, "leaning on the sky and the sea", Haizi said "facing the sea, spring flowers bloom", this is indeed a beautiful realm that we yearn for.
Relying on the sky and the sea flowers are innumerable", but"."Flowing water and high mountains know themselves".If what we pursue is this external realm of "relying on the sky and the sea to see countless flowers", compared with our inner and inner perseverance, "flowing water and high mountains know themselves", what I need to adhere to more is the bottom line and principle of being a man. Therefore, in the face of the external environment, sometimes it is the invasion of wind and rain, and sometimes it is the reputation of **, it depends on whether you have enough concentration and perseverance to be able to grasp all this.
This poem is actually very wonderful, because the previous Shangyun is talking about a kind of positive entry into the WTO and perseverance. But when it came to Xia Rong, its rhyme suddenly became much richer, he said.
The steep spring breeze blows the wine and wakes up, slightly cold, and the mountain is obliquely shining but welcomes.
It's very subtle here, and I don't know if you've ever had that experience, but sometimes we seem to be suddenly smart, as if we're fighting a cold war. He said that in the midst of this steep spring breeze, suddenly the slanted light on the top of the mountain seemed to be a slap in the face, and suddenly a beam of light came down from above, giving us an epiphany.
So what did he realize? "Looking back has always been bleak".I look back on the paths I've taken"When I return, there will be no wind and rain and no sunshine."At this time, I am not only pessimistic about the wind and rain just now, but also the sunny at this moment, this kind of change in the wind and rain can no longer affect my heart. So at this time, we say that there are both Buddhism and Taoism, and it is a collection of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.
Why is Su Shi amazing? Not only because of his outstanding talent and talent, but more importantly, Su Shi was able to complete himself through his life. How did he construct his outlook on life and survival? is very important. You see here he says, "There is neither wind nor rain nor sunshine," and "there is no ......."There is no ......This juxtaposition is like what is often said in BuddhismRight and wrong(There is a "Lengyan Sutra": "There is nothing to see, nothing to see, right and wrong, how can you discuss it with the other immortal?") "It expresses a state of integration that transcends binary oppositions. "There is no ......."There is no ......These two are exactly the same, but embedded in the middle, and the "wind and rain" and "sunshine" they connect are opposite concepts, that is, a kind of sentence structure of right and wrong.
Su Shi's ideological realm and his attitude towards the wind and rain in the natural world must have been read from it. Because when Su Shi wrote this poem, it was the period when he was demoted to Huangzhou, and it was also a low point in his life. In the face of the wind and rain in the natural world and the blows of the human world, whether we can look down on all this, whether we can live such a state of "no wind and rain and no sunshine", depends on our personal cultivation, and depends on how we find our own position and how to stick to our inner mood between the external natural environment and the external social and interpersonal environment.
Southern Song Dynasty Anonymous Red Cliff Collection of the Palace Museum.
"The green girl Su'e is resistant to cold".
If we talk about the environment, here we can also give you an example, which is Li Shangyin's "Frost Moon". In fact, many of Li Shangyin's "Untitled" are well written, and the song "Frost Moon" we are going to watch today, the Frost Girl and the Goddess of the Moon, what do they have in common? Let's read it together:
"Frost Moon".
Li Shangyin. When I first heard that there were no cicadas in the geese, the hundred-foot building was connected to the sky.
The green girl Su'e is resistant to cold, and she fights Chanjuan in the frost in the middle of the month.
The frost is cold, and the moon is lonely and high, both of which give us a feeling of being ungrounded. So"When I first heard that there were no cicadas, there were no cicadas"., talking about the time, it is late autumn, the season when geese fly south.
"A hundred feet of building and water to the sky".It means that the environment in which they live is very lonely. So in such a lonely and cold environment, what are the characteristics of the two women who survive, one is the frost girl and the other is the goddess Chang'e in the moon?
"The green girl Su'e is resistant to cold"., here there is a definite term for the frost god and Chang'e, one is "green" and the other is "su", which shows their pursuit of elegance.
What are their qualities? "All cold-resistant"., to be able to keep the loneliness in the lonely cold environment, to endure the lonely cold, not only to survive, but more importantly"Fighting Chanjuan in the frost in the middle of the month".In this lonely environment, there is still their own pursuit, and they still have their own adherence to ideals, which is the real great place.
That is to say, we must not only adapt to this environment, but also withstand the changes and blows of the environment, and more importantly, in such a difficult environment, we must also maintain our own goals, maintain our own motivation for continuous improvement, which is particularly valuable.
Fairy Ride Luan Diagram".
"There is still a clarification day in the Yellow River".
Here I would also like to share with you a special work, that is, a poem "Partridge Heaven" written by Mr. Gu Sui in Beiping in the occupied area, let's read it together:
"Partridge Days".
Gu Sui. It's not a newcomer. Ten thousand mountains outside the Little Red Mansion. Add sinking water to burn the heart seal, and let Luo Yi penetrate the cold.
Tearful eyes, thrush bends. More old scores are waiting for you to see. There is still a day of clarification in the Yellow River, and it is difficult to meet without believing.
You may wonder why Mr. Zhang made a special emphasis on writing it in Beiping, the occupied area. It seems that when we read it, it is no different from our traditional old-style poems, which also talk about women, the external environment, and so on.
In fact, this is the special thing about classical Chinese poetry, often we see that it seems to be written similarly, for example, the small words are all about beauty and love, but when we read carefully, we will find that there are some in itSymbols, gives us some hints, we can read some subtle deep meanings from it, at this time we say that we can only mean but not speak.
For example, this poem, because according to the time of its creation, we know that it was composed in Beiping, in the occupied area. But what exactly is it written about? Of course, we say that it was the most tense year of the Anti-Japanese War, and Mr. Gu Sui has always been a very decent intellectual, and he has never gone to the school controlled by the Japanese to teach. However, as a very enthusiastic intellectual, how did he convey this firm belief in the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in his old style poems?
In the summer of 1943, Gu Sui took a group photo with the 41st grade female students of the Department of Chinese Literature in front of the Hanging Flower Gate of the Women's College of Fu Jen University (Ye Jiaying is the fifth from the right in the back row).
It's not a newcomer. , he said that I don't dare to climb now, I don't dare to look far away, I don't dare to look by the railing. Now if I climb the heights, what I will see, there are Japanese flags everywhere, and there are Japanese soldiers everywhere. Let's see, in the context of such a big era, as a scholar, how can Mr. Gu, as a scholar, express the strong pressure of the external environment and his firmness?
He said. Add sinking water to burn the heart seal, and let Luo Yi penetrate the cold. To say that the environment we are facing now is too harsh, it is "through the body cold", not only the cold, but also the "through the body cold", such a powerful, harsh environment, what are the only things we can fight against it? Only Luo Yi. Luo is a thin silk fabric - that is, the disparity between the strength of the enemy and me is too great, on the one hand, it is the harsh environment of "penetrating the cold", and on the other hand, I only have a thin silk fabric to protect against the cold, so how can I resist it?!
"Self-added sinking water burn heart seal".Every word in it is worth chewing on repeatedly. First of all, we said that the "seal" is a hundred turns and thousands of times, we know the Chinese seal incense, they use this plate by plate, coiled into a variety of patterns. "Seal" is a thousand turns, "heartburn" is hot and hot, and "sinking water" is fragrant and fragrant, "self-adding" is overflowing from the inside out, not from the outside there is a driving force, but we have self-drive, from the inside to the outside can have such a fragrant, beautiful, hot and hot, and is a kind of power that can turn back and forth. If we have it, we can "let Luo Yi penetrate the cold", that is to say, in the face of a harsh environment, the importance of a strong heart.
Ye Jiaying's class notes from Gu Sui's poetry class.
So when it came time to go down, he spokeTearful eyes, thrush bends. , although what we see now is teary-eyed, so what we see is full of devastation, and what we see is the news of the national ** retreat. But "Thrush Bend", I still have my adherence to my ideal character and such a firm belief of mine.
SoMore old scores are waiting for you to see. , We say that in ancient times, thrushes had eyebrow spectrums and eyebrows of various shapes, so he said that although the environment is harsh now, butTearful eyes, thrush bends. I still have that belief. There is still a day of clarification in the Yellow River, and it is difficult to meet without believing. ”Everyone says that the water of the Yellow River will be turbid once in 500 years, and it will be clear in 500 years, and the water of the Yellow River will still become clear, not to mention our motherland, these territories that we have lost, can't they be recovered?! I firmly believe that we will be able to recover the territory! This is a kind of inner perseverance of an intellectual in the harsh living environment of the occupied area at that time through a small poem.
Therefore, "Biyan Lu" ("Biyan Lu" is known as "the first book of Zen Gate", and the content is composed of the hundred ode to the ancient times and the commentary of Yuanwu Keqin of the Northern Song Dynasty Xue Dou Chongxian Zen Master. It used to be said that, it said.
Those who enter through the door are not family treasures, but must flow out of their own breasts to cover the world.
Biyanlu is also in the face of this harsh environment, of course, sometimes the blow is particularly big, or the pressure is particularly large, the environment is particularly bad, we are often easy to lie flat, and even we can't afford to frustrate, we may be scarred ......But there are also poems that do give us the strength to believe in the importance of this belief, the ideal, the perseverance.
Gu followed the correction of Ye Jiaying's poems.
"Fishing alone in the cold river and snow".
Another example is that I believe you may still be very familiar with Liu Zongyuan's "Jiang Xue", which is also an article in our primary school Chinese textbooks, do you remember?
"Jiang Xue".
Liu Zongyuan. Thousands of mountains and birds fly away, and thousands of people disappear.
Lonely boat, fishing alone in the cold river and snow.
What is this poem about? In fact, if we connect the first words of each of its sentences, we will find that it is talking about loneliness.
And how does it describe loneliness? In fact, it's not like we're just a superposition of numbers, for example, when we write love letters, today we write "I miss you very much today", tomorrow we write "I miss you 12 points today", and the day after tomorrow we write "I miss you 10,000 times today" ......But it's just a superposition of numbers, just a change of numbers for the reader, for the person who received this love letter, meaningless, and won't hit the soft part of his heart at all.
So we have to see, depicting loneliness, it's hard, how to write it?
Thousands of mountains and birds fly away, and thousands of people disappear. The mountains are high, and the birds are flying in the air, which requires a person to raise his head and look at it. "Ten thousand paths are wiped out".The "path" is the road under the feet, and the "trace" is also the footprints under the feet, which requires a person to look down and look down.
These two sentences are connected together, which is the loneliness of a person who surrounds us from the bottom to the top and has nowhere to escape, as if a big net has enveloped us and has nowhere to escape. Therefore, it is a very powerful net, we sometimes think about it, it is indeed like this, "thousands of mountains and birds fly away, and thousands of paths and people disappear", you see that he used special words: absolute, extinguished, snow, in fact, they are all sounding words.
We said that sound is very important for a poem, especially the poems that rhyme with sound, more concentrated representatives, like Li Qingzhao's "Shengsheng Slow", if we can speak Cantonese and read Li Qingzhao's "Shengsheng Slow" in the dialect of the sound characters, we will feel like a woman, sobbing when she says three sentences, and choking when she says three sentences. Therefore, the works that enter the sound rhyme must attract our attention. And "absolute" and "extinguished" are particularly decisive words, as if you are not only shrouded, but also as if you have nowhere to escape, and you can't find an exit at all, such a decisive feeling.
In the face of such loneliness, "thousands of mountains and birds fly away, and thousands of paths and people disappear", birds and people originally yearn for freedom, originally hope to be free, but in such a harsh environment, what do we live on? "Lonely Boat Lady", you have to pay attention, what appears here is the equipment that we can withstand this lonely cold environment, it is a lonely boat. You see that "Lonely" is thin, "boat" is very tiny, it is not a giant ship, it is not a cruise ship, right? "Lonely Boat" and "Lysa Hat" are the thinnest equipment to withstand the wind and rain, and it is Weng, he is not a prime of life, but a dying old image.
In other words, in such a harsh environment, the protagonist who appears only has the conditions of minimum equipment, so can he withstand the cold? But you look at the last sentence: "Fishing alone in the cold river and snow".
Fishing alone in the cold river and snow" by Wang Yanlin.
The title of the whole poem is called "Jiang Xue", and the word "Jiang Xue" does not appear until the end of the poem, but it is extraordinarily powerful. Not only can he survive in this lonely and cold environment, although he is lonely and "fishing alone", but what is he fishing? It's Jiang Xue. In other words, in fact, what he is fishing for is a belief and a hold in his heart. It is in such a lonely situation that I not only want to live, but I also think that I can hold on until the spring comes, when the flowers bloom and the snow melts. This is a manifestation of the strength of a person's heart.
The Way of Worship
In fact, there is a very typical example around me, which is a professor of linguistics at our Nankai University, Professor Isiwisa Acu. When I first came to Nankai, I heard about his deeds, and I later went to his wife for verification, and I said that I really felt very honored to be a colleague with such an excellent teacher as Mr. Acuo.
I don't know if you've ever seen a movie called "No Thieves in the World"? Teacher Isiwisa Acho is a Tibetan, and his job at that time was similar to the work of Silly Gen in "No Thieves in the World", which was to paint and paint in that temple. But because he has his own pursuit, not only does he have to survive in such an environment, but more importantly, he also hopes to constantly break through himself and have a new transcendence. So he applied for the junior college self-examination of Chinese major of Nankai University, and after the junior college self-examination, he took the undergraduate self-examination, and after getting the undergraduate certificate, he applied for the master's degree of Nankai University. When he came to Nankai, he began to get in touch with computers, and when he finished his doctorate and graduated from Nankai University, he could already change the name of the protagonist in the computer game to Acuo, and everyone can imagine the footprints of a person's growth.
A still from Kailash.
But do you know that when he went beyond his original environment and had to take our national self-study exam from Tibet, for example, the self-study exam was usually scheduled weekly.
6. On Sunday, he had to start from Monday, carry a basket of dry food, and walk for 5 days to the examination room. It's from Monday to Friday, over the mountains, and then to the exam room, week.
6. After taking the exam on Sunday, he carried dry food on his back and walked from the next Monday to Friday and returned to his home.
Later, I also communicated with Mr. Acuo's wife, and she said that now Mr. Aco recalls the study process of his self-study exam, and he feels quite rewarding, because he has calculated the distance he has traveled back and forth, because every time he takes a self-study exam, he needs to walk so far, a 10-day round trip. He said that he calculated the distance, which was about the same as the distance he had traveled from his home to Lhasa. Therefore, there is also a kind of pious worship throughout the whole, so that the self is constantly improving and persevering.
People who read a lot can have a lot of temperament