1. Identification standards for specialized, special and new enterprises
The criteria for identifying specialized and special new enterprises mainly include the following four aspects:
Nature of enterprise: The declared enterprise must be a legal entity established in accordance with the law, with independent accounting and independent civil liability, and does not belong to the prohibited or restricted industries stipulated by the state.
Enterprise scale: The declared enterprise must be a small and medium-sized enterprise, that is, the number of employees shall not exceed 500, and the total assets shall not exceed 200 million yuan or the annual sales revenue shall not exceed 300 million yuan.
Enterprise field: The applicant must belong to the high-tech field supported by the state, that is, the seven fields specified in the high-tech field supported by the state (revised in 2016), namely electronic information technology, biological and new medical technology, aerospace technology, new material technology, high-tech services, new energy and energy-saving technology, resources and environmental technology.
Enterprise innovation: The applicant must have independent intellectual property rights, with continuous R&D and technological innovation as the core, to form the core competitiveness of the enterprise. Specifically, the reporting enterprise needs to meet at least one of the following indicators:
Proportion of R&D expenditure: The proportion of R&D expenditure of the declared enterprise in the sales revenue of the previous year shall not be lower than the following standards: the number of employees shall not exceed 100, not less than 3%; If the number of employees is more than 100 but not more than 300, it shall not be less than 4%; If the number of employees is more than 300, not less than 5%.
Number of intellectual property rights: The number of valid invention patents, utility model patents, design patents, integrated circuit layout design patents, new plant varieties, computer software copyrights and other intellectual property rights owned by the declared enterprise shall not be less than the following standards: the number of employees shall not exceed 100, not less than 3; If the number of employees is more than 100 but not more than 300, not less than 6; If the number of employees is more than 300, there shall be no less than 9 cases.
Proportion of intellectual property income: The proportion of intellectual property income of the declared enterprise in the sales revenue of the previous year shall not be less than the following standards: the number of employees shall not exceed 100, not less than 2%; If the number of employees is more than 100 but not more than 300, it shall not be less than 3%; If the number of employees is more than 300, not less than 4%.
Proportion of revenue from new products: The proportion of revenue from new products (referring to products developed and put on the market in the previous year) to the sales revenue of the previous year shall not be lower than the following standards: the number of employees shall not exceed 100, not less than 10%; If the number of employees is more than 100 but not more than 300, it shall not be less than 15%; If the number of employees is more than 300, not less than 20%.
Second, the recognition effect of specialized, special and new enterprises
Since the implementation of the recognition system in 2017, nearly 100,000 specialized, special and new enterprises have been identified, covering various high-tech fields and covering all provinces and municipalities across the country, forming a number of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises with innovation ability and development potential. The recognition effect of specialized, special and new enterprises is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
It has promoted scientific and technological innovation, transformation and upgrading. The identification of specialized and special new enterprises has encouraged enterprises to increase R&D investment, improve R&D efficiency, increase the quantity of intellectual property rights, improve the quality of intellectual property rights, promote the development and listing of new products, and enhance the core competitiveness and market share of enterprises. The identification of specialized, special and new enterprises has also promoted the transformation and upgrading of enterprises from traditional industries to high-tech industries, the development direction from low value-added to high value-added, and the innovation model from follow-up to leading, which has contributed to the country's scientific and technological progress and economic development.
It has led to employment and social benefits. The identification of specialized, special and new enterprises has driven a large number of jobs, especially high-skilled, high-quality and high-income jobs, providing more employment opportunities and a better employment environment for the society. The identification of specialized, special and new enterprises has also driven the relevant industrial chain and innovation ecology, promoted the coordinated development of upstream and downstream enterprises, formed a good innovation atmosphere and innovation culture, and created more economic and social benefits for the society.
Enjoy preferential policies and resource support. The identification of specialized, special and new enterprises has enabled enterprises to enjoy a number of preferential policies such as tax incentives, policy support, and financial support, and provided more policy dividends and resource support for the development of enterprises. The identification of specialized and special new enterprises has also enabled enterprises to obtain more first-class attention, social recognition and market trust, and provided more opportunities and platforms for the development of enterprises.
3. Identification of specialized, special and new enterprises
Although the identification system of specialized, special and new enterprises has achieved certain results, there are still some problems and deficiencies, which need to be further improved and improved. The identification of specialized, special and new enterprises mainly includes the following aspects:
The criteria for designation are unreasonable and inappropriate. Although the identification criteria for specialized, special and new enterprises have a certain degree of scientificity and operability, there are also some unreasonable and unsuitable places, resulting in some enterprises with innovation ability and development potential cannot pass the identification, or some enterprises without innovation ability and development potential can pass the identification. For example, the enterprise size index in the recognition criteria ignores the differences between different industries and fields, and for some capital-intensive, technology-intensive, and talent-intensive fields, the recognition threshold may be too high, and some excellent enterprises are excluded. For another example, the enterprise innovation indicators in the identification criteria rely too much on quantity and proportion, ignoring the quality and effect, and for some fields with strong innovation ability and many innovation achievements, the identification threshold may be too low, accommodating some enterprises with low level.
The identification process is cumbersome and inefficient. Although the identification process of specialized, special and new enterprises has a certain degree of standardization and openness, there are also some cumbersome and inefficient places, resulting in some enterprises that intend to declare unable to complete the declaration in time, or some enterprises that have completed the declaration cannot obtain the identification results in time. For example, in the first declaration link in the identification process, the applicant is required to fill in and upload a large amount of information and materials, and the function and stability of the platform are not perfect enough, and it is prone to problems such as jamming, crashing, and loss, which brings inconvenience and trouble to the reporting enterprise. For another example, the preliminary review and review link in the identification process requires the reporting enterprise to go through two levels of review and evaluation, and the standards and methods of review and evaluation are not uniform and transparent enough, which is prone to subjective, arbitrary, unfair and other problems, which brings uncertainty and distrust to the reporting enterprise.
The effect is uneven and unsustainable. Although the recognition effect of specialized, special and new enterprises has a certain degree of breadth and significance, there are also some imbalances and unsustainable places, resulting in some recognized enterprises being unable to fully enjoy preferential policies and resource support, or some identified enterprises cannot maintain their innovation capabilities and development momentum. For example, there is an imbalance in the policy preferences and resource support in the recognition effect, and there is an imbalance in the recognition effect, with some regions, industries, and fields receiving more policy tilt and resource allocation, while some regions, industries, and fields of specialized and special new enterprises have obtained less policy tilt and resource allocation, resulting in an imbalance in the recognition effect. Another example is that the innovation ability and development momentum in the recognition effect are not sustainable in terms of motivation, mechanism and environment, and some specialized and special new enterprises lack the motivation and mechanism for continuous innovation and development after passing the identification, or face an unfavorable market and competitive environment, resulting in the instability of the identification effect.
Fourth, the identification and improvement of specialized, special and new enterprises
As an important measure for the state to promote scientific and technological innovation, transformation and upgrading, the identification system of specialized, special and new enterprises needs to be continuously improved and improved to meet the needs of scientific and technological development and market changes, and better serve the identification and development of specialized, special and new enterprises. The identification and improvement of specialized, special and new enterprises mainly include the following aspects:
Improve the reasonableness and adaptability of designation standards. The identification criteria for specialized, special and new enterprises need to formulate more reasonable and adaptable indicators and standards according to the characteristics and development status of different industries and fields, avoid one-size-fits-all and immutable practices, and better reflect the innovation ability and core competitiveness of enterprises. The identification criteria for specialized, special and new enterprises also need to constantly update and adjust the indicators and standards according to the trends and needs of scientific and technological development and market changes, so as to avoid backwardness and rigidity, and better promote the innovation momentum and development potential of enterprises.
Improve the simplicity and efficiency of the accreditation process. The identification process of specialized, special and new enterprises needs to use informatization and digital means and technologies to simplify and optimize the links and procedures of declaration and review, avoid cumbersome and inefficient phenomena, and better improve the convenience and efficiency of declaration and review. The identification process of specialized, special and new enterprises also needs to strengthen the mechanism and method of supervision and evaluation, standardize and disclose the standards and processes of review and evaluation, avoid subjective and unfair problems, and better ensure the fairness and transparency of declaration and review.
Improve the balance and continuity of the recognition effect. The recognition effect of specialized, special and new enterprises needs to balance and coordinate the allocation and allocation of preferential policies and resource support, take into account the differences and needs of regions, industries and fields, avoid bias and imbalance, and better achieve the balance and coordination of the identification effect. The recognition effect of specialized, special and new enterprises also needs to enhance and maintain the power and mechanism of innovation ability and development momentum, pay attention to and solve the problems and challenges of market and competition, avoid stagnation and recession, and better realize the enhancement and maintenance of the identification effect.