Reporter Li Xiaoqing.
From seed production to seed use, good seeds benefit farmers a lot.
In early spring, in Mazhuangzi Village, Mengcun Town, Mengcun Hui Autonomous County, Hebei Province, the wheat seedlings in the field are growing just right.
Last year's wheat variety 'Pinyu 8012' was good, with an average yield increase of 150 catties per mu, and more than 3,000 acres were planted this year. Bai Jinfeng, head of the Golden Land Planting Professional Cooperative, said.
According to Bai Jinfeng, the cooperative contracted 1More than 20,000 acres of land. Most of the local plots are dry land and saline-alkali land, and the soil conditions are not ideal, so if you want to increase the yield, you must have suitable varieties.
Pinyu 8012' is a dry-water dual-purpose seed with wide adaptability and a 50% higher salinity tolerance than traditional wheat seeds. Geng Ligong, manager of the Huanghua Center, introduced Sinochem Modern Agriculture.
This variety is not only drought and salt resistant, but also frost resistant. Bai Jinfeng said: "The cold wave in the winter of the previous year was severe, and the yield of many plots was reduced, and the wheat we planted not only did not reduce the yield, but also increased the income by 100 yuan per mu." ”
Good seeds not only increase the income of grain farmers, but also continue to benefit from the development of the seed industry.
Lan Yongxian, a farmer in Xikou Village, Xikou Town, Jianning County, Fujian Province, has been engaged in hybrid rice seed production for more than 20 years. "Now from seed production to seed sales, it is labor-saving and worry-free. He said.
The hybrid rice seed machine transplanting needs to consider the problems of the parents' original flowering period and separate planting, and the general rice transplanter cannot meet the demand. In order to improve the mechanization rate of seed production, the county introduced a rice transplanting machine for test demonstration, and through cooperation with agricultural machinery enterprises, a special high-speed rice transplanting machine for rice mother was developed, and the efficiency of large-scale machine transplanting was greatly improved. Lan Yongxian introduced that the efficiency of the seed drying process has also increased. "In the past, manual drying was not only time-consuming and laborious, but also easy for seeds to pile up and mold in rainy weather, which affected the germination rate. Now they all use dryers, which are more efficient and can ensure the quality of seeds. ”
Lan Yongxian planted 210 acres of "Liangyou No. 9" hybrid rice seed field, and the cooperation model of "company + cooperative + farmer" made him no longer worry about the best seeds. "In the past, I could only run the market by myself, but now I cooperate with seed production enterprises to receive planting orders, and the sales are guaranteed, and I can earn 1,000 yuan per acre of land. ”
It is understood that Jianning County will focus on the promotion of mechanized seed production in agricultural project funds. In recent years, the county has promoted the parent machine plug-in area of 150,000 mu, with a total cost saving and efficiency increase of 22.5 million yuan.
The reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs that at present, the whole process of wheat and soybean multiplication has been basically mechanized, and the mechanization rate of corn and rice seed production has increased by 20 percentage points. From a national perspective, great progress has been made in the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, professional service level, and joint agriculture with agriculture in large seed production counties, and the seed supply guarantee capacity of the national base has increased to 75%.
Excellent service, with good methods, let good seeds produce good food.
Good seeds should be used and planted well by farmers, and the "last mile" from the laboratory to the field should be unimpeded.
In Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province, Wu Dongping, an agronomist at the Dingbian Center of Sinochem Modern Agriculture, prepared the seed varieties, fertilizer samples, technical display boards, and technical manuals to be promoted, and called his colleagues to Xiaojutan Village, Hequan Town.
Now that the fields are being deeply cultivated and prepared for spring sowing, farmers are also choosing this year's corn varieties, and we must seize the time to do seed selection training. Wu Dongping said.
When Wu Dongping arrived, dozens of villagers were already waiting in the office of the village committee of Xiaojutan Village. He set up the display board and began to lecture: "The soil and water quality are different between the plots, and the most important thing in selecting seeds is to match the characteristics of the plots. Varieties suitable for dryland planting should be regularly ...... pest control in combination with the climate”
The land is planted by farmers, and they have the most say in whether the seed is good or not. Wu Dongping said that the promotion of varieties should let farmers see the effect of increasing yield, soil testing formula, technical services are very important.
This training made Zhang Hengjun, a villager of Xiaojutan Village, interested in "Luyu 1572". "My family planted 40 acres of corn, and the previous varieties were all bought in the market, so I don't know if it is suitable for my own land. Zhang Hengjun said, "The teacher of Sinochem went to my field to test, the salinity is high, if you replace it with 'Luyu 1572', the production capacity per mu will increase by more than 200 catties, I plan to try." ”
Li Jie, a grower in Houchang Village, Zhuangjing Town, is an old user of corn varieties of Sinochem Modern Agriculture. "I planted 600 acres of upland corn and 200 acres of paddy field corn, all of which used the varieties recommended by Sinochem, and the yield increase effect was good. And the seeds are all sent directly by them, which is very convenient. Li Cabinet said.
Xie Yan, deputy director of the Department of Seed Industry Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said: "Strengthening the construction of the seed industry chain is inseparable from the promotion and popularization of socialized services for the entire agricultural industry chain. The main body of the service takes improved varieties as the core to solve the problem of planting services, provides soil testing, variety planning, crop protection, field guidance, agricultural machinery operation and other professional services, and takes the technology demonstration farm as the display base to realize 'do it for farmers and do it with farmers'. ”
Good seeds are matched with good methods, so that good seeds can grow good food.
Wheat seeds have to be dressed before they can go to the ground! Bai Jinfeng said. The so-called wheat seed dressing refers to seed dressing. "There are many benefits of seed dressing, which can not only prevent pests and diseases, but also promote seed germination, improve germination rate, and achieve the effect of healthy seedlings and increased yield. ”
In addition to seed dressing, the increase in wheat yield is also inseparable from the fine management of plots. Since the previous year, Platinum Peak has cooperated with Sinochem Modern Agriculture, and the company provides socialized services such as agricultural materials and scientific field management. "The team provides professional and refined field management services, and good seeds really produce good food. Bai Jinfeng said.
Before sowing in autumn last year, we went to the field for soil testing, and selected the most suitable varieties according to the characteristics of the soil in the plot, so as to facilitate accurate fertilization in the later stage, which can not only save costs and increase efficiency, but also achieve green and sustainable development. We will also help growers adjust soil pH and organic matter content through microbial inoculants to further increase wheat yields. Geng Ligong introduced.
These days, Geng Ligong often goes to the wheat fields of Mazhuangzi Village, "Now I see, the seedlings per mu are between 450,000 and 500,000, and the growth is not bad." ”
Strengthen the leadership of leading enterprises and effectively guarantee market supply.
This year's No. 1 document proposes to stabilize the sown area of grain, put the focus of increasing grain output on a large area to increase yield, and ensure that grain output continues to remain at 1More than 3 trillion catties. Seeds are an important part of the yield.
The seed breeding cycle is relatively long, how can we effectively ensure market supply?
Tang Xinrui, a researcher at the Molecular Testing Center of China's Yangling Technology Center of Sinochem's Syngenta Group, said that the traditional breeding practice is for researchers to go to the field to collect trait performance, and it takes at least one crop season to collect complete data. At present, in the Yangling Technology Center, researchers only need one to two weeks to get the desired trait data in the automated greenhouse, which greatly accelerates the process and speed of breeding dominant varieties.
The field demonstration shows that from 2022 to 2023, the yield of new corn varieties selected and approved by the Yangling Technology Center will increase by more than 30 kg per mu on average. Tang Xinrui said.
It is understood that last year, 197 new varieties of wheat were approved nationwide, and a number of high-quality green rice, dense and machine-harvested corn, high-oil and high-yield soybeans, and high-quality short-season cotton varieties were also introduced. In the next step, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will promote the improvement of large-scale yields, coordinate and promote multi-level breeding innovation and joint research, and accelerate the selection and breeding of a number of urgently needed breakthrough varieties such as high-oil and high-yield soybeans, short-growth rape, and saline-alkali tolerant crops.
Improving the ability to guarantee improved varieties is inseparable from the leadership of leading enterprises. Xie Yan said: "Long-term and stable support should be given to basic breeding research and key breeding projects, support the selection and breeding of new varieties of enterprises, and solve the problems in actual production by cultivating a number of breakthrough new varieties." It is necessary to put the support of excellent enterprises in a prominent position in the revitalization of the seed industry, to create a number of aircraft carrier leading enterprises, "champion" enterprises and specialized platform enterprises with core research and development capabilities, industrial driving capabilities, and international competitiveness, and accelerate the formation of advantageous seed industry enterprise clusters. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the main position of enterprise innovation, strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, and strictly rectify the problems of counterfeit and shoddy, counterfeit and shoddy products, and infringement of fake licenses. ”
With the help of policies, we will strengthen the promotion and subsidy of major varieties in the seed industry, and promote the improvement of yield and the development of the whole industrial chain. Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance issued the "Notice on Supporting the Implementation of Relevant Policies for the Improvement of Production Capacity of Important Agricultural Products such as Grain and Oil", and launched the pilot project of subsidy for the promotion of major varieties, with a financial investment of 500 million yuan to subsidize the corn, soybean, rape and other grain and oil crop varieties that are urgently needed for agricultural production, and give full play to the important role of excellent varieties in promoting large-scale yield improvement and farmers' income.
The data shows that the development momentum of the national crop seed industry formation enterprises is good, the total assets in 2022 have exceeded 60 billion yuan, the proportion of seed sales in the country is more than 1 5, and the market concentration has steadily increased. Enterprises pay more attention to scientific and technological innovation, and invest more than 1.7 billion yuan in research and development, accounting for 1 4 of the total scientific research investment of all agricultural species enterprises.
People** 2024-03-01 18th edition).