(1) The current situation of the construction industry
The construction industry is an industry with an earlier marketization after the reform and opening up, with low barriers to entry, and the scale distribution of enterprises presents a "pyramid" shape, that is, a very small number of large enterprises, a small number of medium-sized enterprises and many small and micro enterprises coexist.
There are five types of players in the Chinese construction market:Central enterprise giants, regional leaders, private enterprises in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, foreign giants and many small and medium-sized construction enterprises。On the whole, the large market share is occupied by large construction enterprises with technology, management, equipment advantages and special qualifications. Large and medium-sized construction enterprises in developed regions and strong construction provinces also occupy a certain market share, and they mainly contract large and medium-sized projects in the region. Other SMEs are mainly engaged in labour subcontracting, some professional subcontracting and minor works.
From the perspective of competition in various business fields, the market concentration of ordinary housing construction projects is the lowest, and the competition is extremely fierce; The overall concentration of public buildings and high-rise and super high-rise building engineering markets is moderate, and there is a certain regional monopoly; The mine construction engineering market has a high degree of concentration and a departmental monopoly; Railway, road, tunnel, bridge engineering, dams, power plants and port engineering, high concentration, the existence of sectors and oligopolies; The market concentration of construction and installation engineering and decoration engineering is low and the competition is fierce.
In general, there are a large number of enterprises in the construction industry, and the industry competition is fierce, but there are differences in the degree of competition in various fields; With the growth of the construction market, the competition model of the construction industry has also diversified.
The development of the construction industry is greatly affected by the macroeconomic situation, in which the investment in fixed assets directly drives the growth of the industry. Since 2011, as China's economy has fallen from the growth highs of the strong recovery in the previous year, the macro economy has entered a downward channel; At the same time, the growth rate of infrastructure investment led by high inflationary pressure** has slowed down; The real estate regulation and control policy continues to tighten, the impact of the continuous decline in infrastructure investment such as roads and bridges and railways, and the growth rate of fixed asset investment in the country continues to slow down, and in the short term, the risk of the development of the construction industry is further increasing.
In 2020, the added value of China's construction industry was RMB7,244.5 billion, a year-on-year increase of 27%；In the same period, the national general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification levels achieved a profit of 830.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 203%。
In 2021, the added value of the national construction industry reached 8,013.8 billion yuan, an increase of 21%, in the same period, the national general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification levels achieved a profit of 855.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 126%。
In 2022, the added value of the national construction industry reached 8,338.3 billion yuan, an increase of 55%, in the same period, the national general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification levels achieved a profit of 836.9 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 12%。In recent years, the decline in the growth rate of fixed asset investment in the whole society is mainly due to the continuous increase in the base of fixed asset investment in the whole society, which is a normal economic phenomenon. By continuously optimizing the business model and improving the management level, China's construction industry still has a lot of room for improvement in its comprehensive strength.
In addition, ".The Belt and Road Initiative, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated ConstructionThe effective implementation of national strategic planning will continue to help the sustainable and healthy development of China's construction industry; At the same time, with the further advancement of the new urbanization process and the application of PPP in projects such as sponge city and underground comprehensive pipe gallery, the growth rate of added value of the construction industry will be maintained at a reasonable level.
As the macro economy enters the new normal, China's construction industry has entered an era of single-digit growth. In the context of the pressure of real estate destocking, real estate regulation and control policies are frequent, and the construction of new urbanization has set sail. Under the tone of steady growth, private investment boosts the new plan for transportation construction, regional economic investment increases, the "Belt and Road" and "Yangtze River Economic Belt" open a new strategic layout, and the comprehensive development plan of the industry and the modernization of the construction industry continue to advancePPP, BIM6, Green Building, Sponge Cityand other new policies for the development of the construction industry to release new development vitality.
The construction industry is one of the important pillar industries of the national economy, and its development is closely related to the scale of social investment in fixed assets. In recent years, China's national economy has always maintained a rapid and good development trend, and the scale of investment in fixed assets in the whole society has increased year by year.
2022 is an extremely important year in the history of the development of the Party and the country. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was successfully held, uniting and leading the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to coordinate epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, effectively respond to the impact of unexpected factors, and maintain stability in the overall economic and social situation. The national construction industry has resolutely implemented the best decision-making and deployment, vigorously promoted transformation and upgrading, and achieved new results in the high-quality development of the construction industry, providing important support for economic and social development.
The total output value of the construction industry was 311,9798.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 645%；The completed output value was 136,4633.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 144%；The total amount of contracts signed is 715,6746.9 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 895%, of which 366,481 were newly signed3.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 636%；
The construction area of the house is 1564.5 billion square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 070%；The area of the completed building is 405.5 billion square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 069%；The profit was 836.9 billion yuan, down 1. year-on-year20%。By the end of 2022, there were 143,621 construction enterprises with construction activities in the country, a year-on-year increase of 1155%；The number of employees is 5,184020,000 people, down 031%；The labor productivity calculated by the total output value of the construction industry was 493,526 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 430%。
After preliminary calculations, the annual GDP in 2022 is 1,210,207200 million yuan, an increase of 3 over the previous year0% (calculated as unchanged**). The added value of the construction industry in the whole society reached 83,383100 million yuan, an increase of 5 over the previous year5% (at constant **), with a growth rate higher than GDP of 25 percentage points.
Since 2013, the value added of the construction sector as a percentage of GDP has remained at 6More than 85%. In 2022, it reached 689%, the construction industry has a solid position as a pillar industry of the national economy.
Since 2013, with the continuous expansion of the production and operation scale of China's construction enterprises, the total output value of the construction industry has continued to grow, reaching 311,979 in 20228.4 billion yuan, an increase of 645%。However, the growth rate slowed down compared with the previous year, down 459 percentage points.
In the past 10 years, the output value of the construction industry and the output value of the construction industry in other provinces have basically increased simultaneously with the total output value of the construction industry. In 2022, the completed output value of the construction industry reached 136,4633.4 billion yuan, an increase of 1 over the previous year44%；The output value in other provinces reached 105,9568.4 billion yuan, an increase of 521%；The extroversion of construction companies fluctuated between 31% and 35%, and in 2022 it was 3396%。
In 2022, the number of employees in the construction industry was 5,184020,000 people, a decrease for four consecutive years. In 2022, it decreased by 98 from the end of the previous year920,000 people, a decrease of 031%。
In 2022, the national construction enterprises achieved a profit of 836.9 billion yuan, a decrease of 101 from the previous year8.1 billion yuan, down 120%；The growth rate was 1 lower than that of the previous year47 percentage points. The profit margin (the ratio of total profit to gross output value) in the construction industry reached its highest value of 3 since 201463%, showing an overall downward trend. In 2022, the profit margin of the construction industry output value is 268%, a decrease of 021 percentage points, declining for six consecutive years and below 3% for two consecutive years.
(2) Development prospects and trends of the construction industry
The specific stage of China's economic development and the steady growth of fixed asset investment in the future for a long period of time determine that China's construction industry is in a period of rapid development. Urban residential construction, urban infrastructure construction, rapid transportation facility construction, environmental treatment projects, new energy base construction, new industrial base construction, leisure resort construction, new rural construction, etc. will still maintain strong demand and become a hot spot in the market. From a regional point of view, although the investment structure of the construction market in the eastern, central and western parts of the country is different, they all have great market potential.
The "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Construction Industry" issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development makes it clear that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China will initially form a framework for the high-quality development of the construction industry, the operation mechanism of the construction market will be more perfect, the project quality and safety guarantee system will be basically sound, the level of construction industrialization, digitalization and intelligence will be greatly improved, and the green transformation of construction methods will achieve remarkable results, accelerating the transformation of the construction industry from large to strong.
Planning requirements, to vigorously develop prefabricated buildings. Construct a standardized design and production system for prefabricated buildings, promote the intelligent upgrading of production and construction, expand the scale of use of standardized components and parts, and improve the comprehensive benefits of prefabricated buildings. Improve the prefabricated concrete building structure system suitable for different building types, and increase the integrated application of high-performance concrete, high-strength steel bars, energy dissipation and shock absorption, and prestressing technology.
The plan is clear, the policy system and industrial system for the coordinated development of intelligent construction and new building industrialization have been basically established, and the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new buildings has reached more than 30%, creating a number of Internet platforms for the construction industry, forming a number of landmark products for construction robots, and cultivating a number of intelligent construction and prefabricated building industry bases.
It is necessary to speed up the research and development and application of construction robots. StrengthenNew sensing, intelligent control and optimization, multi-machine collaboration, human-machine collaborationand other core technology research of construction robots, research and compilation of key technical standards, and form a number of landmark products of construction robots. Actively promote the typical application of construction robots in production, construction, maintenance and other links, and focus on promoting the application of construction robots matching with prefabricated buildings, auxiliary and substitution".Dangerous, complicated, dirty and heavyConstruction work.
The plan also sets out long-term goals for 2035. By 2035, the quality and efficiency of the development of the construction industry will be greatly improved, the industrialization of construction will be fully realized, the quality of construction will be significantly improved, the innovation ability of enterprises will be greatly improved, the team of high-quality talents will be fully established, the overall advantages of the industry will be significantly enhanced, and the core competitiveness of "China Construction" will be leading in the world and entering the ranks of world powers in intelligent construction.
(3) Construction industry policy
The state implements a qualification level management and market access system for the construction industry, and construction enterprises can only undertake projects within the corresponding qualifications. At present, the main normative documents related to the management of construction industry qualification levels and market access are the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Enterprise Qualifications (Order No. 159 of the Ministry of Construction), the Standards for the Qualification Grades of Construction Enterprises (Jian Jian [2001] No. 82) and the Special Qualification Standards for Construction General Contracting Enterprises (Jian Shi [2007] No. 72).
1) **The construction department is responsible for the unified supervision and management of the qualifications of construction enterprises in the country. The qualification standards for construction enterprises and the specific scope of the projects undertaken by various types of qualification enterprises shall be formulated by the construction department in conjunction with the relevant departments.
2) Construction enterprises shall apply for qualifications in accordance with their registered capital, professional and technical personnel, technical equipment and completed construction project performance, and can only engage in construction activities within the scope of qualification after passing the examination and obtaining the qualification certificate of construction enterprises.
3) The qualifications of construction enterprises are divided into three sequences: general construction contracting, professional contracting and labor subcontracting.
4) According to the nature and technical characteristics of the project, the three qualification sequences are divided into several qualification categories, and each qualification category is divided into several qualification levels according to the specified conditions. At present, the qualification of general construction contractors includes 10 qualification categories, the qualification of professional contracting enterprises includes 60 qualification categories, and the qualification of labor subcontracting enterprises includes 13 qualification categories.
5) Enterprises that have obtained the qualification of general construction contracting (hereinafter referred to as general construction contracting enterprises) can undertake general construction contracting projects. The general construction contractor may construct all the professional projects in the general construction contracting project it undertakes, or may subcontract the professional engineering or labor operations to a professional contracting enterprise or labor subcontracting enterprise with corresponding qualifications in accordance with the law.
Enterprises that have obtained professional contracting qualifications (hereinafter referred to as professional contracting enterprises) may undertake professional projects subcontracted by general construction contracting enterprises and professional projects contracted by construction units in accordance with the law. A professional contractor may construct all the professional projects it undertakes on its own, or may subcontract the labor service operations to a labor subcontractor with corresponding qualifications in accordance with the law. Enterprises that have obtained labor subcontracting qualifications (hereinafter referred to as labor subcontracting enterprises) may undertake labor services subcontracted by general construction contracting enterprises or specialized contracting enterprises.