This year, the state has updated the top ten support areas of special bonds, and added urban village renovation and affordable housing in the field of affordable housing projects.
In the previous article, we briefly talked about the transformation of urban villages, and in this article, we talked about affordable housing, and by the way, we talked about China's housing security system.
Since 1994, China began the reform of urban housing, in the process, we have explored a lot of roads, but also actively learn from the international excellent experience and practices, therefore, under the concept of China's housing security system, there are many forms of "affordable housing", such as low-rent housing, public rental housing, affordable housing, affordable housing, residential commercial housing, demolition and resettlement housing, talent affordable housing, co-ownership housing and so on.
On the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China in 2019, China announced that it had "built the world's largest housing security system", and more than 8,000 units of "affordable housing" had been built.
In the past few decades of exploration, there have also been some detours.
The number of more than 8,000 units of "affordable housing" is indeed huge, but in fact, the vast majority of them are affordable housing and resettlement housing, and affordable housing for low- and middle-income groups has not really reached low-income groups.
Now, some "affordable housing" has basically launched the historical stage, such as affordable housing, and some of them are different from the meaning of affordable housing to be said today, and the state has been working hard to adjust and form a housing security system at this stage.
In order to prevent everyone from being dazzled and unclear, we will no longer make too many changes in this process, and directly sort out the current housing system.
China's housing system is divided into two systems: the housing marketization system and the housing security system.
Among them, the housing market-oriented system, including commercial housing and market-oriented rental housing, and the housing security system, including affordable rental housing, public rental housing and affordable housing.
As for the housing security system, the official statement is:
A housing security system with public rental housing, affordable rental housing and affordable housing for sale as the main body.
The whole housing system is very memorable.
According to the channels of acquisition of residential houses, there are nothing more than two kinds, one is sales and the other is rental.
This is true under the housing market-based system, and it is also true under the housing security system.
Below, we will focus on the housing security system.
First of all, look at public rental housing and affordable rental housing.
The difference between the two is that the objects of leasing are different, and public rental housing is mainly for eligible families with difficult urban housing income;
Affordable rental housing is mainly for eligible new citizens and young people, especially those engaged in basic public services.
Because of the different objects, the two will be different in terms of lease** and unit size.
The rental** of public rental housing is generally lower than that of affordable rental housing;
The size of public rental housing will also be lower than that of affordable rental housing; The size of public rental housing is mainly about 40, and the area of affordable rental housing is not more than 70.
In 2010, the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Public Rental Housing" was issued to launch public rental housing to solve the housing problem of urban lower-middle-income families with housing difficulties;
And 11 years later, in 2021, ** issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Affordable Rental Housing", and launched affordable rental housing to solve the housing difficulties of new urban citizens, young people and other groups.
After the introduction of affordable rental housing, our country was formedIt is mainly public rental housing, affordable rental housing and co-ownership housinghousing security system.
This is the housing security system in 2021.
Next, let's talk about affordable housing under the housing security system.
The concept of affordable housing is divided into broad and narrow senses, and affordable housing in a broad sense refers to all types of housing under the housing security system, including affordable rental housing, public rental housing, affordable housing for sale, and other affordable housing launched in various places.
For example, in this article, "affordable housing" is preceded by quotation marks.
Affordable housing in the narrow sense refers only to the affordable housing that is allocated, which is different from affordable rental housing and public rental housing.
So, when we see the term "affordable housing" in some places, we need to understand it in context.
In the future, in more official documents or professional articles, most of the time, you can understand it as affordable housing in a narrow sense.
In August this year, the "Guiding Opinions on Planning and Construction of Affordable Housing" was issued, which officially defined that affordable housing in the future is affordable housing in a narrow sense, that is, affordable housing for sale.
Here is a reminder to readers, is worried that there may be in the past articles, there will be the use of generalized concepts, everyone in the article, you should be flexible, grasp the distinction between broad and narrow, the most important thing is to master the three categories of housing security system, follow-up to see related articles will not mess up the thinking.
With regard to affordable housing, we have distilled the important points in the Guiding Opinions.
First, the matching object.
The placement of affordable housing focuses on two groups of people: one is the wage and salary income group with housing difficulties and low income;
The first is the introduction of talents and other groups that the city needs.
In fact, these two types of people are mainly guaranteed under the entire housing security system.
For affordable housing, only one set can be purchased on a family basis. If a family that has previously enjoyed policy-based housing such as housing reform and housing wants to apply for affordable housing, they must first vacate the original policy-based housing.
Second, land use**.
Affordable housing is based on land allocation.
With regard to "allocation", let's stretch it out a bit.
Under normal circumstances, the use of state-owned land for construction projects requires the acquisition of land use rights through land transfer, and the Land Management Law stipulates that there are four types of land that can be obtained by allocation:
land used by state organs and military land;
land for urban infrastructure and public welfare;
land for energy, transportation, water conservancy and other infrastructure supported by the state;
Other land use as provided for by laws and administrative regulations.
Just understand.
The State encourages the use of approved unbuilt land recovered in accordance with law, commercial housing and land for bankruptcy disposal by real estate enterprises, and idle housing to raise affordable housing.
If idle and inefficient industrial, commercial, office and other non-residential land is used to build affordable housing, the land use is changed, and the land price is not paid, and the original allocated land continues to retain the allocation method.
In short, in terms of land, the state has given a lot of support policies for affordable housing.
Third, the implementation of closed management.
This is the most important point of affordable housing.
Implement strict closed management of affordable housing, and prohibit the conversion of affordable housing into commercial housing into the market in any way and in violation of laws and regulations.The meaning of closed management mainly refers to the fact that after the buyer obtains 100% of the property rights of the affordable housing, it can only be sold to the group that meets the conditions for the purchase of the affordable housing, and cannot be regarded as a normal second-hand commercial housing and circulated to the commercial housing market.
This is actually based on the experience of the past few decades.
In the past, affordable housing was not closed and managed, although a lot of it was built, but now looking back, many of them have been traded in the second-hand housing market.
Therefore, in order to achieve the "security" attribute of affordable housing, it is necessary to implement closed management to prevent affordable housing from flowing into the second-hand housing market, truly establish China's housing security system, and effectively solve the problem of ordinary people's housing.
In addition to the implementation of closed management, it also puts forward the requirement that "it shall not be idle for a long time".
If it is idle for a long time, it is really necessary to transfer, or leave the government institution or enterprise due to resignation and other reasons, the local government can repurchase it according to the regulations.
So many regulations are made to ensure,The primary purpose of affordable housing is security and residence, not investment and transaction.
Finally, we say that the current housing security system includes affordable rental housing, public rental housing and affordable housing for sale, but in fact, in addition to these three categories, there are also policy housing such as talent housing for sale and co-ownership housing in the market, so how should this kind of policy housing be managed?
The Guiding Opinions are clear
Urban people** shall sort out the policies of policy-based housing such as talent housing and co-ownership housing for sale, and adjust new projects to affordable housing or commercial housing for placement as provided for in these Guiding Opinions.That is to say, in the future, new projects such as talent housing and co-ownership housing should be clearly attributed in accordance with the policy purpose and the current housing system, either as commercial housing under the housing marketization system or as affordable housing under the housing security system.
Whichever category it belongs to, it will be managed in accordance with the policy requirements of which category.
If the talent housing is classified as affordable housing, then it is necessary to implement closed management.
Therefore, we say that the housing security system in 2021 is a housing security system with "public rental housing, affordable rental housing and co-ownership housing as the main body", which is the previous statement, and the housing security system at this stage is ".A housing security system with public rental housing, affordable rental housing and affordable housing for sale as the main body.
Okay, that's it.