Recently, my brain is not very good, and the font code is not smooth, and I often can't even find the topic. So I solved it according to the old way - flipping through the information and drawing charts. Who knows if you don't paint, you don't know, a painting is really wonderful. For example, the following diagram of the various big bad guys contained in the 24 histories is very useful.
From the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, a total of 323 villains were packaged and passed down in the 24 histories.
Especially those traitors and traitors in the Two Song Dynasty, everyone has a lot of information and a lot of stories to tell.
In ancient times, traitors referred to ministers who were disloyal to the monarch and misled the country. In the book "Shuo Yuan" written by Liu Xiang, a native of the Western Han Dynasty, it was pointed out that there are "six evils" for those who are ministers - one of them is called "Gu Chen", that is, a chaotic official who neither works nor cares about things; the second is called "courtier", that is, to flatter the monarch in every possible way and cater to the sycophants who have slippery beards; The third is called "traitorous ministers", that is, treacherous people who are jealous of the virtuous and capable, and who abuse power and mislead the country; Fourth, it is called "slanderous ministers", which refers to the villain who excludes dissidents with clever words and causes chaos to the court; The fifth is called "thief", that is, the careerist who is dictatorial and arbitrary, forms a party for personal gain, and troubles the monarch and the people; The last one is even more powerful, called "The Ministers of the Dead Country", which is simply a collection of the first five evils in one, and which dynasty and generation have to finish playing.
Villains like the "Golf King" who welcome the king's favor and pamper him for personal gain are generally called "lucky".
But that's just Liu Xiang's statement. In fact, for more than 1,000 years before the Two Song Dynasty, the ancients still believed in the theory of sexual goodness, believing that no matter how bad a person was, he could not be as bad as the boundary of "courtier". Therefore, since Sima Qian wrote "Historical Records" and pioneered the tradition of putting all the bad guys into the "Biography of Yu Xing" and stewing it with a spoonful, in the serious history books since then, all kinds of historians have strictly adhered to the rules set by the ancestors, and the biographies used to hoard the villains are either called "Yu Xing", or "Enxing" or "Xingchen" who change the soup but not the medicine (as far as Li Yanshou ingeniously made a "Biography of the Thief Minister" in "Southern History", but it has no influence), anyway, everyone seems to think that there is nothing worse than sycophancy.
It wasn't until Ouyang Xiu, who was super confused as an official but super sober as a scholar, sneered at this when compiling the "New Tang Dynasty Book", and then wrote "The Biography of the Traitorous Minister", "The Biography of the Traitorous Minister", and "The Biography of the Rebel Minister" with a stroke of the pen, which set a new rule for the historiography circles.
The name of the old Ouyang generation Wenzong is really not covered. After his tossing, the lucky ones who had been "popular" for more than a thousand years before instantly lost their popularity, and on the contrary, the guys who were marked as traitors, rebels, and traitors in various history books became the new synonym for the villains (of course, the "History of the Ming Dynasty" also contains the special product of this dynasty "Eunuch Party").
The New Tang Dynasty Book redefines all kinds of bad guys.
According to statistics, in the 24 histories, only the five books "Book of the Later Han", "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", "Book of Zhou", "History of the Old Five Dynasties" and "History of the New Five Dynasties" are not packaged for the villains ("Book of Jin", "Book of Liang", "Book of Chen", "Book of Sui" and "Book of the Old Tang Dynasty" are only packaged but not named, and the last of the biography books), and the remaining 19 historical books contain a total of 323 people of various villains.
Among the three villains labels, traitor, and rebel, the situation of traitor and rebel seems to be relatively similar, but the essence is completely different. As a courtier, it is of course a heinous crime to launch a rebellion, secession, defection to the enemy, and even the emperor will not let go, and there is an act of plotting to abolish or kill the king. But as long as one does not claim the title of king and emperor, and the other has not established a country, he is a traitor, otherwise he is a rebel.
A typical example is An Lushan and Fugu Huai'en. An Da Fat Man not only rebelled, but also established the country Pseudo-Yan, Jianyuan Shengwu, and called himself Emperor Xiongwu, which is a proper rebel; In order to defeat An Fatzi, he did not hesitate to take his own daughter and relatives back to Hui, and 46 people died in the whole clan, which can be called a loyal martyr, and his efforts to quell the chaos are no less than Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi. Who knew that after the war, he was framed and forced to death by the eunuch Luo Fengxian, and had to raise troops to resist, and was finally pacified by Guo Ziyi, so he ended up as a traitor.
In my opinion, Fugu Huaien is not a traitor, but the first tragic hero of the Tang Dynasty.
With the two Song Dynasty as the division, the definition of traitor is completely different. Before that, although the traitor in people's eyes was not a good bird, he actually couldn't make any trouble:
"The inside is dangerous, the appearance is cautious, the clever words are orderly, and the virtuous are kind and jealous; If you want to enter, you will know its beauty and hide its evil, and if you want to retreat, you will know its faults and hide its beauty, so that the lord's reward and punishment will not be appropriate, and the order will not work, and in this way, the traitorous minister will also. (Zhenguan Political Leaders, Volume 3, On the Selection of Officials VII).At this time, the so-called traitors are just villains who have a bad stomach and talk bad about people everywhere and make small reports. The biggest harm is probably that the emperor is fooled, and the court is blind to command and act chaotically, that's all. As for the disaster to the country and the people, the ancients at that time thought that they were not worthy! Why? Because at that time, the only thing that could make Tai'a fall and the country ruin was the military leader with a knife handle and a gun. As for the traitors who make small reports all day long, at first glance, they are useless literati, how much more can they toss?
However, the situation has changed since the Tang Dynasty. After all, almost just one Li Linfu created an Anshi Rebellion that overthrew the Tang Dynasty, and 150 years later, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, not to mention a group of civil officials such as Cui Yin, Liu Can, and Jiang Xuanhui. Especially with the fall of the scholar clan and the rise of the imperial examination, the status and role of civil officials in a country have become increasingly prominent, and the harm that the scum can cause has become greater and greater.
This attracted the attention of some people, such as Ouyang Xiu.
Ouyang Xiu's achievements in the field of historiography are no less than his articles.
Ouyang Xiu is an outlier among civil officials. On the one hand, he has a pivotal position in the literary world and is extremely influential in Shilin, on the other hand, although Lao Ouyang has been a foolish official all his life, he is a madman. As long as there is something that is not pleasing to the eye, he often spits saliva on his face before talking about it regardless of friend or foe, and even his old friend Fan Zhongyan has not been spared.
Therefore, in the face of the concept of "traitorous minister", Ouyang Xiu made the following judgment with ingenuity:
"The wood will be bad, and the worm will be born; The country is dying, and the demon is in real production. (New Tang Dynasty Books, Volume 223b, Lie Biography 148b).What does that mean? It is the traitor of traitors, not in the minister, but in the general environment - to put it bluntly, there are no traitors in the world, and they are all made by the unreliable emperor himself.
Old Ouyang was really energetic, and he couldn't make him feel satisfied just by spraying the traitorous ministers, so he simply took the emperor and sprayed the whole body with him.
So is he right? Of course yes, and it's a big pair.
If it weren't for the emperor's root being rotten, even if the traitorous ministers were rape again, they wouldn't be able to toss a few waves.
When it comes to traitors, I'm afraid the first thing people think of is Qin Hui. So is this traitor who has been kneeling in front of the Yuewang Temple for thousands of years really a bad seed born with sores on the top of his head and pus on the soles of his feet? Of course not.
At least before the change of Jingkang, there was no sign of fear of the enemy and seeking glory on Qin Hui's body. On the contrary, Qin Hui at that time was bubbling "left", which could be called a banner of the main battle faction. For example, when the Jurchens attacked Bianliang for the first time, they used the Northern Song Dynasty to cede the three towns of Taiyuan, Zhongshan, and Hejian as a condition for retreating. After that, Zhao Huan of Song Qinzong appointed him as a member of the Ministry of War to deal with the matter of land cutting, Qin Hui was deeply ashamed, and would rather resign than do such a humiliating errand.
If it was only at that time, how much brain would it have to be to imagine that this thing would become the number one traitor in history in the future?
Another example is the aforementioned Servant Gu Huaien. If he died in the Anshi Rebellion or before being framed by Luo Fengxian, then the name of Fugu Huaien will undoubtedly be ranked with Guo Ziyi, Li Guangbi and other famous Zhongxing generals, and will shine through the ages, becoming a loyal and good general admired by all generations.
Let's open up another brain hole and travel Cai Jing and Qin Hui, the most famous traitors of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty, to the heyday of the Great Song Dynasty, such as the Renzong Dynasty - what kind of scene will it be, and how bad will these two things do?
There are also many bad guys in the Renzong Dynasty, but their destructive power is far less than that of the "six thieves" of the Huizong Dynasty
I think the answer is probably that there are so many of them that there are as many people as the carp that crosses the river, and two more names are added to the famous ministers of the Renzong Dynasty.
Such as Qin juniper. Although this goods were frightened by the capture of the Jin State after the Jingkang Change, and then gave in to the Jurchens under coercion and temptation, this is actually not surprising. As an authentic Confucian disciple, as long as he is not born with a bad mouth, his kung fu will not be too bad. But most of Confucianism is like flowers and plants in a greenhouse, unable to withstand any major setbacks, once the ideal is shattered or goes through hardships, the weaknesses and dark sides of human nature hidden in the shell wrapped in Confucian benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith will be revealed, and Qin Hui is naturally no exception.
But what if he hadn't had such a terrible experience? Tokyo Bianliang under the rule of Zhao Zhen is very safe, and under the premise that the safety of life and power and wealth are not threatened, Qin Hui is likely to continue to be "left", right? For example, shouting and shouting to kill in the Western Xia, if you don't get it, you will send an envoy to the Liao State, face the coercion and temptation of the Khitans, make generous statements, not disgrace the courtiers, and leave a good story in the history of diplomacy like Fu Bi?
Another example is Cai Jing. Compared with Qin Hui, this product is a natural traitor, and he can be undisciplined in order to climb up. For example, in the old and new party struggles, everyone has to stand in line, either new or old, and those who want to ride the wall such as Su Shi end up with no one inside and out. Only Cai Jing can be left and right - Sima Guang, the old party boss, wants to abolish the exemption law in the new policy and restore the errand service law, and others think that this matter is not easy to rectify. Only Cai Jing "learned that there was no one who violated the hired servants in Gi County", so that Sima Guang couldn't help but praise him for "making everyone follow the law like a king, why can't it be done" ("History of the Song Dynasty, Volume 472, Biography 231").
People like Cai Jing have never been out of stock in the Northern Song Dynasty, such as Cai Qu. But only in the Huizong Dynasty can Cai Jing be like a fish in water.
When the leader of the New Party, Zhang Dun, came to power and wanted to abolish the law on errand service and re-implement the law on exemption from military service, Cai Jing became the pioneer of the New Deal again
"Zhangdun reverted to the law of service, and the division was discussed, and it was indecisive for a long time. Jing said: 'Take Xining into the implementation of the law, how can you say it?' Then the hired servants were decided. There are two methods of sending and hiring, and the light and the light are different. In the past ten years, Beijing has come to see it again, and the two have relied on each other to help, and those who know it have seen their treachery. (Ibid.).But so what? Zhao Zhen has changed 23 prime ministers in the 42 years of his reign, including many recognized "treacherous and evil" such as Ding Wei, Wang Qinruo, Zhang Dexiang, Jia Changchao, and Xia Zhu, and there are also many figures like Lu Yijian, Yan Shu, Chen Zhizhong, Wen Yanbo, Feng Zheng, and Liang Shi. They may be able to do harm for a while, but in the Great Song Dynasty under the rule of Zhao Zhen, they are still well-dressed and cultural relics when they are prosperous, they are still in the urine when they should be flattened by the party members, and they still have a lot of ...... when they should pay tribute to the KhitansEven if Cai Jing's ability to be a traitor is ten times higher than that of the above-mentioned people, the result will not change in any way. At least he wanted to kill the Great Song Dynasty under Zhao Zhen's nose, which was absolutely wishful thinking.
As for the reason, Wang Shizhen, a Qing man, has already made it clear and clear:
"Yuanchen took off and said: 'Song Huizong can do everything, but he can't be the king's ear. "The Record of the North Window" recorded that Zhou Zhengfu said: "Emperor Renzong will not do anything, he will only be an official." Chibei Occasional Talks, Volume 9, Talks and Offerings 5).In the same way, if Han Qi, Fu Bi, Pang Ji, Fan Zhongyan, Bao Zheng and other famous ministers of the Renzong Dynasty were assigned to the Jingkang period, maybe they would send a few accomplices to Cai Jing and Qin Hui. The best result is to have a few more tragic characters like Li Gang and Li Ruoshui, if you want to change your life for the Great Song Dynasty or even copy the so-called "prosperous era of Renzong", it is definitely wishful thinking.
If the famous ministers and good ministers who were famous in the Renzong Dynasty crossed over to the Huizong Dynasty, they would not be much better than Qin Cai.
In this regard, Zhang Juzheng, the iron-blooded prime minister of the Ming Dynasty, must have felt the same way.
The great Confucian Dai de of the Western Han Dynasty once sighed that "the country will prosper, and there will be auspiciousness; The country is about to die, and there will be demons" ("The Book of Rites: The Mean" 31), in fact, it is more accurate to change "country" to the emperor Lao'er. After all, as long as it is an imperial era, the so-called state is just the private property of the emperor, and it has nothing to do with being a courtier (regardless of whether it is loyal or treacherous). Just like today's private companies, whether they make a lot of money or go bankrupt, the difference between a worker is nothing more than a few more sips of soup or another job, and there is a world of difference for the boss. So in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the honest man Lu Sucai warned Sun Quan - we can all surrender, but you can't.
But if the boss himself doesn't take the survival of the company seriously, why should the part-time worker bother with this leisure? The so-called good at the top, and the bottom will be effective, why not follow the fool? On the contrary, those dogs who take rats are not nosy, and if they don't get it right, they will be annoying and even lose their jobs (in ancient times, they lost their officials or even lost their heads), so how should you choose?
When the world is the private property of one person, it is a puzzling logic to demand unconditional allegiance from subjects to the emperor.
Therefore, it can also be said that the 300 or so people who have been recorded in history and have been concluded as lucky, traitors, traitors, and rebels are only the ones who have received them on behalf of the master. And if Qin Hui, who knelt in front of the Yuewang Temple and was scolded by all generations, was replaced by Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, it may be more fair and reasonable.
I've been rambling for a long time, but I actually have no intention of reversing the case for those 300 people. After all, in the past 2,000 years, hundreds of millions of people have died, why are others not on the list, but only these people are hung up to show the public?
But it is unreasonable to say that they all deserve it. After all, it is difficult to quantify the so-called loyalty and traitor, and it is difficult to tell right from wrong as long as anything is related to politics. Therefore, it is certain that among the three hundred or so big bad guys, there must be many unlucky people who have been wronged, and I am afraid that there is more than one.
Among the twenty-four histories, the various villains summarized in the "History of the Song Dynasty" caused the most controversy.
Among them, the most controversial is the No. 40 "Yu Xing", "Traitorous Minister" and "Traitorous Minister" recorded in the "History of the Song Dynasty". However, most of the "lucky" of the two Song Dynasty are unknowns, and they have not done anything particularly bad, but there are many talented people among them. For example, Wang Jixian is an excellent doctor who participated in the compilation of "Shaoxing Materia Medica"; Zeng Mo and Jiang Teli are famous for their poems and articles, and their works have been handed down.
The problem mainly lies in the two biography of "traitor" and "traitor", and there are many unlucky people who take the blame for their masters.
For example, Zhao Liangsi. Although his proposal to destroy Liao and recover Yandi was ill-conceived at the strategic level, it was absolutely feasible tactically, and it was indeed full of enthusiasm, and it could not be said to be a treacherous word in any case. It's just that Zhao Lianghe, who was born in the Liao State for generations, would have thought that the combat effectiveness of the Song army would be so scumbag - the Khitans, who had just been beaten by the Jurchens and were about to die, turned their heads and easily beat hundreds of thousands of Song troops to the point of losing their armor?
What does this problem at the executive level have to do with the masterminds? Even if it can be related, what does it have to do with Zhao Liangsi's character? Similarly, for example, the plot of Ma Yi in the Western Han Dynasty also made a mistake at the implementation level, which led to failure, but I didn't see Liu Che put all the blame on Nie Yi's head, let alone label him as a traitor.
But Zhao Ji is not the atmospheric Liu Che after all - if Zhao Liangsi is not a traitor, then where will he put His Majesty the Emperor, who is the one who advocates the destruction of Liao? Therefore, Zhao Liangsi must be a traitor, and their whole family must be a traitor!
A large part of the traitors in "History of the Song Dynasty" are taking the blame for Zhao Ji.
What's even funnier is Zhang Jue and Guo Yaoshi. For example, Zhang Jue, he was originally a Liao minister, and when the Khitans were about to be defeated, he first lowered the gold and then the Song Dynasty, so he was naturally not a loyal and virtuous minister. However, when Zhang Jue brought Ping (now Lulong, Hebei), Ying (now Changli, Hebei), and Luan (now Luanxian, Hebei) to the Song Dynasty, Zhao Ji of Song Huizong was so happy that he couldn't even close his mouth, and maybe he went to Taimiao to pay tribute and report to his ancestors. And Zhang Jue also worshiped as the envoy of the Taining Army, and was regarded by Zhao Ji as the pillar of maintaining the northern Xinjiang.
But when the Jurchen soldiers pressed the realm and asked for Zhang Jue, Zhao Ji first flatly refused, and after he couldn't bear the pressure, he played clever and killed a person who seemed to be Zhang Jue in a vain attempt to make up the number. When all the little tricks were ineffective and the Jurchens claimed that they wanted to raise troops to take it for themselves, Zhao Ji completely confessed and secretly ordered Zhang Jue and his two sons to send a letter to Jinren.
Zhang Jue is naturally not a good person. But it was Zhao Ji who surrendered and surrendered Zhang Jue, and it was Zhao Ji who finally killed Zhang Jue to please the Jurchens - he just wanted to take advantage but was unwilling to suffer, and once he suffered a loss, he became angry with others, saying that Zhang Jue was a traitor, is this like a human thing?
What's even worse is that after Zhao Ji killed Zhang Jue, a large number of Liao generals were completely chilled, especially Guo Yaoshi:
"(Zhang Jue) died, the letter was sent to him, Yan Zhi's generals and the victorious army all cried, and Guo Yaoshi said: 'If you come to ask for a pharmacist, what should you do? 'Since it is disintegrated, the golden people will eventually use it to provoke the clouds. (History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 472, Biography No. 231).Guo Yaoshi was also a general of the Liao State, and made a lot of military achievements for the Northern Song Dynasty. However, the building will be difficult to support, plus there are faint kings in the court, traitors below, and then the Zhang Jue incident caused Guo Yaoshi to deviate from morality, so in the end, the Jurchen was also demoted.
The so-called shame of Jingkang was made by Zhao Ji himself.
As a subordinate general and a border general, where can Guo Yaoshi and Zhang Jue go even if they want to be traitors? It's completely rotten in the bones, can you blame those two pimples on your face? Guo Yaoshi may barely be regarded as a traitor, but what about Zhang Jue? It's just a pure mishap.
Another example is Zhang Bangchang, which is even more unlucky. Regarding how Lao Zhang became the unlucky "pseudo-emperor of Chu", I talked about it in a previous article (see "Lao Zhang's family finally came out with an emperor, but it turned out to be not only a pseudo-emperor, but also a "back-pot emperor"" Here I emphasize two points for friends who are unwilling to click on the link - first, Lao Zhang refused to be the emperor at that time, but he had to give in under the pressure of the Jurchens who threatened to slaughter the people of Bianliang City:
"The Jin country text comes, and it is limited to three days to establish Bangchang, otherwise the people will be shocked and slaughtered in the city. On the third day, the golden envoy came to promote the persuasion of ......Bangchang swore to cut himself, or said: 'Xianggong will not die outside the city, but now he wants to die, and he will destroy the evil of the city?' 'Stopped. (Dajin Guozhi, Volume 30, Chu State Zhang Bangchang Lu).Second, during Lao Zhang's "reign", he refused to enter the vertical arch hall (the main hall of the Northern Song Dynasty Imperial Palace), second, he refused to sit in the north and face south ("sitting facing west"), third, he forbade ministers to worship, fourth, he was not called "I" but "Yu", and the fifth document was not called "edict" but "handwriting". In other words, he never regarded himself as a serious emperor.
Moreover, as soon as the Jurchens withdrew their troops, Zhang Bangchang sent people to secretly visit Zhao Gou's whereabouts, and at the same time welcomed the deposed Empress Meng of Song Zhezong Zhao Xu into the palace to weigh the system. As soon as Meng entered the palace, Zhang Bangchang announced his abdication the next day - the "Great Chu Dynasty" only enjoyed the country for 33 days.
Zhang Bangchang can be called the first unlucky egg of the two Song Dynasty.
It can be said that the reign of the Zhao and Song emperors can continue for 153 years, and Zhang Bangchang has made great contributions. But who made him stand up for Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, who would take revenge? Therefore, Lao Zhang not only died in the end, but also became infamous as a traitor for 10,000 years.
The History of the Song Dynasty has produced so many "unjust, false and wrongful cases", and some people may blame the Mongols who revised history. either think that the cultural level of these guys is too low, and the result is "full of absurd words and a handful of bitter tears"; Either they have bad intentions and scandalize the previous dynasty.
In fact, this is really wronging innocent Mongols.
In fact, the Mongols didn't want to scandalize anyone, and the controversy of "History of the Song Dynasty" still came from the internal strife between Han Chinese doctors.
It is said that since Taishi Gong's "Historical Records", every time a dynasty rises and falls, revising history for the previous dynasty will become a top priority for the new dynasty (after all, it involves the legitimacy of the new dynasty), but only the Yuan Dynasty is an exception. Since the Mongols occupied the world, not to mention literary affairs such as revising history, they didn't even pay much attention to governing the country, and they were busy fighting for power and profit all day long.
For example, if anyone dares to mention an "anti-poem" in other dynasties, in the end, the people who will not die will definitely not be able to stop. Only in the eyes of the Mongols, this is not a big deal:
"A poet sings of emotion, and he shall not be slandered. If it is blasphemy, it is not something that cannot be tolerated. (To the Righteous Chronicle, Vol. 2, Yuan Kongkeqi).Therefore, the Mongolians, who were broad-minded than the steppe, did not slap their heads until the reign of Emperor Yuan Shun, that is, when there were only about 20 years left before the death of the Yuan Dynasty, and suddenly realized: After the calf, I forgot to repair the history of the previous dynasty!
Say fix it. Once the Mongols were more realistic, the efficiency was not ordinarily high - not only the "History of the Song Dynasty", but also the "History of Liao" and "History of Jin". Moreover, from the third year of Zhizheng (1343 AD) to the fifth year of Zhizheng (1345 AD), it took less than 3 years to complete three historical books with a total of 747 volumes ......
In contrast, the "History of the Ming Dynasty" revised by the Qing Dynasty was repaired from the second year of Shunzhi (1645 AD) to the fourth year of Qianlong (1739 AD), which lasted 94 years, but only 332 volumes, and the total number of words was less than half of the three histories of Yuan Xiu.
The hastily revised "History of the Song Dynasty" is bound to be crude, but the question of ideological tendencies does not depend on time.
Therefore, the evaluation of the history of the Song Dynasty in the twenty-four histories is not high, and the most criticized shortcoming is roughness, which does not need to be repeated. And the other problem is that the butt sits too crookedly.
The twenty-four histories were all repaired by the new dynasty for the previous dynasty, so it is not strange to engage in scandalization and plant a small stolen goods. But nonsense to the extent of "History of the Song Dynasty" is still very rare. But can this be blamed on the Mongols? I'm afraid it still can't.
The "History of the Song Dynasty" that we see now is marked with "Yuan Totoku and other writers" - if there is knowledge under the Totoquan Quan, he must cry out for wrongdoing, and say that he will not carry this pot.
When he became the president of the "History of the Song Dynasty", "History of Liao", and "History of Jin", he also served as the right prime minister of Zhongshu. Therefore, he not only had to manage state affairs for Emperor Yuan Shun, but also had to spend a lot of effort to control the Yellow River and extinguish the rebels from all over the country, even if he was an octopus, he couldn't be busy. Therefore, he could only resign as the president of the capital of the three histories, and was succeeded by Arutu and Bei'er Timid. But the problem is that don't be cowardly, you are as busy plugging holes everywhere as Tokhtar, Arutu doesn't even know Chinese characters, so he is simply illiterate, what can he do?
As a result, the revision of the "History of the Song Dynasty" was actually carried out by He Wei.
1. Zhang Qiyan, Ouyang Xuan and other Han scholars controlled and left. Although he reviewed the draft again after the book was written, even though his cultural level was much higher than that of Arutu, he was not an expert in Song history, so he also expected Tokhtar to do anything to "set things right".
And He Wei. 1. Zhang Qiyan, Ouyang Xuan and others are authentic disciples of science, so the ideological tendency of this history book is self-evident.
There is a clear tendency to be conservative, so the reformers who seek innovation and change will inevitably become treacherous in their eyes.
Because the ancestors of science, such as Er Cheng and Zhu Xi, belonged to the old party and opposed the reform of the law in terms of ideological tendencies, it was necessary to let the new party cadres such as Lu Huiqing, Zeng Bu, and Zhang Dian (Cai Qu, Xing Shu, An Dan and other villains who repeatedly ran between the old and new parties also wanted to run) in the "History of the Song Dynasty". If it weren't for Wang Anshi's inability to find fault in terms of character and learning, this leader of the New Party would definitely have been awarded the honorary title of the number one traitor in the "History of the Song Dynasty".
And because the School of Science has always been anti-war, so in addition to the stinky goods that are notorious in both officialdom and folk reputation, such as Huang Qianshan, Wang Boyan, Qin Hui, Wan Qianyu, etc., who cannot be washed away, the rest of the main and faction are almost all "virtuous" in their mouths, like Shi Miyuan, who is so bad that he is transparent and comparable to Qin Hui, so he has no chance with "The Legend of the Traitorous Minister". On the contrary, they regard the main battle faction as an enemy. They can't afford to be provoked by Yue Fei, who has already been praised as a god, so Han Yanxuan is unlucky-who made this product the main battle again, and suffered another fiasco? Han Yanxuan is not a traitor, who is?
Another example is Jia Nidao (see "Jia Nidao has a lot of problems, but to say that he is a traitor is a conscience") Lao Jia is not only a staunch main battle faction, but also carried out reforms, and successively introduced the "Public Land Law", "Planning Law" and other laws and regulations to completely rectify finances, trying to solve the problems that plagued the sharp decline in income and the depletion of soldiers at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. But who caused these ills that ultimately led to the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty? Of course, it was filled with a large number of gentry and landlords of the school of science. Cutting off people's wealth is like killing their parents, so in the eyes of these people, if Jia Rudao is not a traitor, there will be no traitor in this world.
As soon as Jia Rudao died, the Southern Song Dynasty died, and he also became the culprit's giant traitor. And those loyal ministers who had just "committed rape for the country" turned their faces and calmly drove Empress Dowager Xie and Song Gongzong Zhao, who was only 6 years old, out of Lin'an and dedicated them to the Mongols.
If he had been born a few decades earlier, Jia Nidao's achievements might not be worse than Wang Anshi's, although his character was still a little far behind.
But their names will never appear in "The Legend of the Traitorous Minister", who will let the family "have someone on top"?
Of course, Han Yanxuan and Jia Nidao are also sick, such as not cultivating private morality, such as authoritarianism. But the problem is that in the 319 years of the Two Song Dynasty, how many of the so-called famous ministers and good ministers, except for a few people such as Fan Zhongyan, Bao Zheng, Wang Anshi, etc., had clean hands and feet and clean character? Another example is autocratic and domineering - you must know that the Southern Song Dynasty was in danger of external troubles and changed to a monopoly system, plus most emperors didn't manage things very much (or blindly), so the prime minister has one and one is a monopoly on power and must have a monopoly on power, otherwise the Great Song Dynasty will not be chaotic?
The so-called sin of wanting to add, why is there no excuse? As long as the butt is crooked, the head will not be healed. Say that you are a traitor, you are a traitor, otherwise the history is chiseled, who can rewrite the "History of the Song Dynasty"?